Curved Spine:The Shape of Spine in Taoist Body Diagrams and Its Influence on Medical Body Diagrams

From the early Taoist diagrams of the human body to the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,Taoists exaggerated and deformed the human spine in a shape-shifting manner.It is likely that medical practitioners were influenced by this style of representation,and there are also numerous diagrams of the human body with the curved spine in the lateral-view diagrams of viscera and Ming Tang Tu(明堂图Acupuncture and Moxibustion Chart),which constantly show the human torso in an elliptical“egg shape”.No later than the Ming dynasty,medical practitioners began to depict the actual physiological spinal curve of the human body.By the Qing dynasty,the depiction of the spinal curve in medical diagrams of the human figure showed a tendency to part ways with the Taoist freehand style of the previous generation.Although the representation of the curve of the spine was very crude,later medical images of the human body at least gradually straightened the spine and no longer depicted it in a shape-shifting manner.However,the curved spine in Taoist diagrams of the human body continued to exist,and the presentation of the curved spine never changed.This way of depicting its appearance,which is very different from reality,is shaped by Taoism's special way of perceiving and viewing the body,and may also contain another form of truth.

Phase diagram and quench dynamics of a periodically drivenHaldane model

We investigate a periodically driven Haldane model subjected to a two-stage driving scheme in the form of a step function.By using the Floquet theory,we obtain the topological phase diagram of the system.We also find that anomalous Floquet topological phases exist in the system.Focusing on examining the quench dynamics among topological phases,we analyze the site distribution of the 0-mode and p-mode edge states in long-period evolution after a quench.The results demonstrate that,under certain conditions,the site distribution of the 0-mode can be confined at the edge even in long-period evolution.Additionally,both the 0-mode and p-mode can recover and become confined at the edge in long-period evolution when the post-quench parameters(T,M_(2) /M_(1))in the phase diagram cross away from the phase boundary (M_(2)/ M_(1))=(6√3t2)/ M_(1)−1.Furthermore,we conclude that whether the edge state is confined at the edge in the long-period evolution after a quench depends on the similarity of the edge states before and after the quench.Our findings reveal some new characteristics of quench dynamics in a periodically driven system.

Properties of the phase diagram from the Nambu-Jona-Lasino model with a scalar-vector interaction

We investigated the properties of the phase diagram of high-order susceptibilities,speed of sound,and polytropic index based on an extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with an eight-quark scalar-vector interaction.Non-monotonic behavior was observed in all these quantities around the phase transition boundary,which also revealed the properties of the critical point.Further,this study indicated that the chiral phase transition boundary and critical point could vary depending on the scalarvector coupling constant G_(SV).At finite densities and temperatures,the negative G_(SV)term exhibited attractive interactions,which enhanced the critical point temperature and reduced the chemical potential.The G_(SV)term also affected the properties of the high-order susceptibilities,speed of sound,and polytropic index near the critical point.The non-monotonic(peak or dip)structures of these quantities shifted to a low baryon chemical potential(and high temperature)with a negative G_(SV).G_(SV)also changed the amplitude and range of the nonmonotonic regions.Therefore,the scalar-vector interaction was useful for locating the phase boundary and critical point in QCD phase diagram by comparing the experimental data.The study of the non-monotonic behavior of high-order susceptibilities,speed of sound,and polytropic index is of great interest,and further observations related to high-order susceptibilities,speed of sound,and polytropic index being found and applied to the search for critical points in heavy-ion collisions and the study of compact stars are eagerly awaited.

Recension of boron nitride phase diagram based on high-pressure and high-temperature experiments

Cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride are the two predominant crystalline structures of boron nitride.They can interconvert under varying pressure and temperature conditions.However,this transformation requires overcoming significant potential barriers in dynamics,which poses great difficulty in determining the c-BN/h-BN phase boundary.This study used high-pressure in situ differential thermal measurements to ascertain the temperature of h-BN/c-BN conversion within the commonly used pressure range(3-6 GPa)for the industrial synthesis of c-BN to constrain the P-T phase boundary of h-BN/c-BN in the pressure-temperature range as much as possible.Based on the analysis of the experimental data,it is determined that the relationship between pressure and temperature conforms to the following equation:P=a+1/bT.Here,P denotes the pressure(GPa)and T is the temperature(K).The coefficients are a=-3.8±0.8 GPa and b=229.8±17.1 GPa/K.These findings call into question existing high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagrams of boron nitride,which seem to overstate the phase boundary temperature between c-BN and h-BN.The BN phase diagram obtained from this study can provide critical temperature and pressure condition guidance for the industrial synthesis of c-BN,thus optimizing synthesis efficiency and product performance.

A Future Life of Binary Phase Diagrams

The article raises the question of what to do with one of the main achievements of metal science in recent years—binary phase diagrams. These diagrams play a key role in the science of alloys and therefore their reliability must be complete. However, the discovery of the “ordering-separation” phase transition, which showed that in binary alloys at certain temperatures the sign of the chemical interatomic interaction changes (and, consequently, the microstructure changes), forces us to reconsider our ideas about those areas. Currently, these areas are designated on diagrams as areas of a “disordered solid solution.” This article proposes, using transmission electron microscopy, to study all the so-called solid solution regions, and apply the results obtained to the studied regions of the phase diagram.

基于p-q变换的改进i_p-i_q基波正序有功和无功电流检测算法

针对非理想电压下不能获取基波正序有功和无功电流的问题,通过对三相电压和电流并行地进行p-q坐标变换和低通滤波以降低系统延时,并获取三相基波正序电压和电流的综合相位信息,通过坐标反变换求出基波正序电流中的有功和无功分量,从而提出1种改进的ip-iq算法。研究结果表明:该算法在电网电压对称无畸变、电网电压不对称、电网电压同时存在畸变和不对称条件下,均能获取正确的基波正序有功和无功电流,为在有源电力滤波系统中实现对谐波电流、无功电流和不对称分量的综合补偿提供了合理的参考指令电流。

基于改进P-Q电流检测法的研究与仿真

针对目前电网电流检测不准确问题,介绍一种新的检测方法,即改进的P-Q法,可避免电网电压畸变及不平衡所造成的检测误差,从而使得检测结果更为准确。另外,也简要分析了传统两种检测方法的原理,并在电网电压畸变仍对称或不对称两种情况下进行仿真比较,证明改进后的检测方法的正确性与准确性。

直接考虑P-Q耦合的输电费用分配方法

在目前国内外的研究中,输电费用只按有功潮流进行分配,无法计及无功潮流的交叉影响,因为,基于传统的电路理论无法结合有功和无功潮流来定义元件的使用份额,这损害了输电费用分配的公平性。为此,该文推导了复功率负 荷的支路功率分量计算理论。基于负荷和发电机的复功率在支路上引起的有功损耗分量,给出了负荷和发电机对元件使用份额的新定义。 该定义既直接考虑了有功和无功潮流的耦合作用,又消除了已有定义中电力元件首末两端甚至多端利用份额不一致的矛盾。提出了将输电费用同时分配给发电机和负荷用户的一种新方法。该方法彻底消除了发电机和负荷自身之间的补贴现象,为电力市场公正运营奠定了新的理论基础。一个5节点系统的仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。

基于p-q-r法的电力系统谐波检测方法

指出只要三相电压、电流对称,无论电压是否有畸变,在三相四线制电路中用p-q-r法检测系统的谐波电流时,ip,iq中只含有3k次谐波(k为整数)。根据重采样理论,在保证ip,iq中的直流分量Ip,Iq的频谱不混叠的情况下可以对ip,iq进行4倍重采样,针对ip,iq中只含有3k次谐波这一特征可以设计均值滤波器,以减小计算量,提高滤波器的动态响应速度。此外,还可以通过控制r轴电流ir将电压畸变时的中线电流补偿到零。

计及静止同步串联补偿器的线路P-Q曲线电压稳定分析

提出了一种新的静止同步串联补偿器(staticsynchronous series compensator,SSSC)的恒功率控制模型,并将此模型运用于电力系统潮流计算中。仿真计算了IEEE-14节点系统在安装SSSC前后的有功、无功损耗变化;在线路的P-Q约束条件下,推导了一种新的基于线路P-Q曲线的电压稳定计算公式,得出了相应的电压稳定指标,计算分析了SSSC安装前后对电压稳定的影响。通过仿真和计算分析可以得到,安装SSSC后能明显地改善系统的电压稳定。与其他方法相比,文中所提方法具有快速简洁的优点,进而具备一定的实际应用价值。

P-Q模式固态变压器的工作特性分析及实现

将未来可再生电能传输和管理(FREEDM)环网中固态变压器(SST)的工作模式分为VS模式和P-Q模式。根据FREEDM环网的运行要求,提出P-Q模式SST的配置原则和各环节的工作特性要求,输入级采用输出电流前馈控制降低SST直流侧电压的波动,输出级采用滤波电感电流反馈控制提高负载抗扰动性。所设计的SST在负载功率因数改变、容量突变和分布式电源切换等特殊运行工况下,均能保持直流电压和交流电压稳定,且保持输入侧单位功率因数运行。各级电压、电流都具有良好的动态响应。此外,SST还具有抗击负载扰动的良好性能,满足FREEDM环网对P-Q模式下SST的整体性能要求。

基于p-Q^2图的压铸工艺优化系统设计

给出了一种自动绘制p-Q2图,并能分析金属液流量和压射比压范围的专家系统设计思路,以C#.NET为载体,并结合推理规则实现专家系统功能。根据压铸某型铝合金,已知压铸机和材料参数的前提下,可得到p Q2坐标系下重要点坐标,并确定压射比压范围为6.7~8.3 MPa,金属流量范围3.7~4.1 L/s.

Predominance diagrams for Zn(Ⅱ)-NH_3-Cl^--H_2O system

The thermodynamics in zinc hydrometallurgical process was studied using a chemical equilibrium modeling code（GEMS） to predict the zinc solubility and construct the species distribution and predominance diagrams for the Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-H2O and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O system.The zinc solubilities in ammoniacal solutions were also measured with equilibrium experiments,which agree well with the predicted values.The distribution and predominance diagrams show that ammine and hydroxyl ammine complexes are the main aqueous Zn species,Zn（NH3）24-is predominant in weak alkaline solution for both Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-H2O and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O systems.In Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O system,the ternary complexes containing ammonia and chloride increase the zinc solubility in neutral solution.There are three zinc compounds,Zn（OH）2,Zn（OH）1.6Cl0.4 and Zn（NH3）2Cl2,on which the zinc solubility depends,according to the total ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration.These thermodynamic diagrams show the effects of ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration on the zinc solubility,which can provide thermodynamic references for the zinc hydrometallurgy.

φ-pH diagram of V-Ti-H_2O system during pressure acid leaching of converter slag containing vanadium and titanium

To analyze the thermodynamic characteristics of leaching process of converter slag, φ-pH diagram of V-Ti-H2O system at oxygen partial pressure of 0.5 MPa, ionic mass concentration of 0.1 mol/kg and temperatures ranging from 60 to 200 ℃ was obtained by recently published critically assessed standard Gibbs energies and activity coefficients of various species. When pH2, stable regions of V3＋, VO2＋ and VO2＋ exist in the stable region of TiO2. The pH values of stable regions of vanadium and titanium decrease and redox potentials become more positive with the temperature increasing. Vanadium and titanium could be separated by one-step leaching based on thermodynamics. The experiment results of pressure acid leaching of converter slag show that leaching rates of vanadium and titanium are 96.87% and 8.76% respectively, at 140 ℃ of temperature, 0.5 MPa of oxygen partial pressure, 0.055-0.075mm of particle size, 15：1 of liquid to solid ratio, 120 min of leaching time, 500 r/min of stirring speed and 200 g/L of initial acid concentration. Vanadium and titanium could be selectively separated in the pressure acid leaching process, and the experiment result is in agreement with thermodynamic calculation result.

基于抗差理论的P-Q分解状态估计算法

状态估计是能量管理系统(EMS)的重要组成部分,提高状态估计的计算精度具有重要意义,基于此,在当前状态估计计算中广泛应用的P-Q分解法的基础上,应用抗差估计理论中的极大似然型估计(M估计),构造出一组权函数,从第二次迭代计算开始,根据每次迭代计算后各量测量残差与量测量自身之比的大小,对相应加权值进行修正,使不良数据的权值越来越小,达到弱化不良数据对后续迭代过程影响的目的。最后,以某地区的220 kV电网为实际背景,通过Matlab编程仿真,与P-Q分解的估计数据相比较,证明该改进方法简单实用,并在提高状态估计的估计精度和自动弱化不良数据影响上有很好的效果。

P-Q图的绘制方法及在汽轮机在线监测中的应用

通过对汽轮机运行极限边界进行函数建模与求解,给出一种能够用于汽轮机监测的计算机绘图方法,并结合VC++将其准确绘制并应用于汽轮机运行状态在线监测系统中,最后给出汽轮机不同运行工况下的图形,结果表明系统具有良好的效果。

Theoretical prediction of forming limit diagram of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet at warm temperatures

A theoretical prediction on forming limit diagram（FLD） of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet was developed at warm temperatures based on the M-K theory. Two different yield criteria of von Mises and Hill＇48 were applied in this model. Mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy used in the prediction were obtained by uniaxial tensile tests and the Fields-Backofen equation was incorporated in the analysis. In addition, experimental FLDs of AZ31 were acquired by conducting rigid die swell test at different temperatures to verify the prediction. It is demonstrated from a comparison between the predicted and the experimental FLDs at 473 K and 523 K that the predicted results are influenced by the type of yield criterion used in the calculation, especially at lower temperatures. Furthermore, a better agreement between the predicted results and experimental data for AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet at warm temperatures was obtained when Hill＇48 yield criterion was applied.

一种基于瞬时无功功率的改进p-q谐波电流检测方法研究

针对传统的谐波检测算法在检测三相电压对称时效果良好而不对称时存在很大误差的问题,提出一种新型的既适用于三相电压对称系统又适合三相电压不对称系统的高精度改进p-q谐波检测方法.该谐波检测方法应用正负序解耦理论提取三相电压的基波正序电压分量,通过给定的谐波拟合精度与相对误差等指标进行相应的跟踪计算,从而实现谐波电流的准确检测.通过仿真和实验表明,提出的谐波检测方法与传统方法相比具有较大的优势,精度、有效性和抗干扰性能表现良好.

P-Q阀可控液压系统单元的计算机控制

为适应复杂液压系统的压力、速度变化要求,通过对电液比例压力-流量复合阀(P-Q阀)的特性分析,研究以P-Q阀为核心元件,搭建与负载相适应的可控液压系统单元.该液压系统单元采用模糊PID控制策略,实现不同负载和不同速度的变化.仿真结果表明可控液压系统单元可满足工作状态要求.

电力系统的P-Q分解法潮流计算

介绍了采用 P- Q分解法、应用稀疏技术 ,在 Visual Basic开发环境下实现复杂电力系统潮流计算应用程序的设计思想、实现方案等 。