Intravascular photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography imaging dual-mode system for detecting spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A feasibility study

In this work,we present an intravascular dual-mode endoscopic system capable of both intravascular photoacoustic imaging(IVPAI)and intravascular optical coherence tomography(IVOCT)for recognizing spontaneous coronary artery dissection(SCAD)phantoms.IVPAI provides high-resolution and high-penetration images of intramural hematoma(IMH)at different depths,so it is especially useful for imaging deep blood clots associated with imaging phantoms.IVOCT can readily visualize the double-lumen morphology of blood vessel walls to identify intimal tears.We also demonstrate the capability of this dual-mode endoscopic system using mimicking phantoms and biological samples of blood clots in ex vivo porcine arteries.The results of the experiments indicate that the combined IVPAI and IVOCT technique has the potential to provide a more accurate SCAD assessment method for clinical applications.

Impact of computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging registration on rehabilitation after percutaneous endoscopic decompression for lumbar stenosis: Retrospective study

BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression(PELD)shows promise for lumbar spinal stenosis(LSS)treatment,but its use is limited by the disease's complexity and procedural challenges.AIM In this study,the effects of preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance with computed tomography(CT)/magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)registration techniques on PELD for LSS and postoperative rehabilitation outcomes were evaluated.METHODS This retrospective study was conducted with data from patients who underwent PELD for LSS between January 2021 and December 2023.Patients were assigned to preoperative CT/MRI registration and control groups.Data collected included the operative time,length of hospital stay,visual analog scale(VAS)scores for low back and leg pain,and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)lumbar spine score.Differences between groups were assessed using Student’s t test.RESULTS Data from 135 patients(71 in the CT/MRI registration group,64 in the control group)were analyzed.The operative time was significantly shorter in the CT/MRI registration group(P=0.007).At 2 months postoperatively,both groups showed significant reductions in VAS leg and low back pain scores(all P<0.001)and improvements in the JOA score(both P<0.001).No complication or death occurred.Preoperatively,pain and JOA scores were similar between groups(P=0.830,P=0.470,and P=0.287,respectively).At 2 months postoperatively,patients in the CT/MRI registration group reported lower leg and low back pain levels(P<0.001 and P=0.001,respectively)and had higher JOA scores(P=0.004)than did patients in the control group.CONCLUSION Preoperative CT/MRI registration for PELD for LSS reduced the operative time and VAS pain scores at 2 months and improved JOA scores,demonstrating enhanced effectiveness and safety.

Multidetector computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of double superior mesenteric veins:A case report

BACKGROUND This study aimed to describe the findings of double superior mesenteric veins(SMVs),a rare anatomical variation,on multidetector computer tomography(MDCT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)images.CASE SUMMARY We describe the case of a 34-year-old male,who underwent both MDC and MRI examinations of the upper abdomen because of liver cirrhosis.MDCT and MRI angiography images of the upper abdomen revealed an anatomic variation of the superior mesenteric vein(SMV),the double SMVs.CONCLUSION The double SMVs are a congenital abnormality without potential clinical manifestation.Physicians need to be aware of this anatomical variation during abdominal surgery to avoid iatrogenic injury.

Chronic pancreatitis:Pain and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a fibroinflammatory disease characterized by irreversible destruction of pancreatic tissue.With the development of the disease,it may lead to exocrine and/or endocrine insufficiency.CP is one of the common diseases that cause abdominal pain,which will not get permanent spontaneous relief as the disease evolves.The American College of Gastroenterology clinical guidelines recommend computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging as the first-line examination for the diagnosis of CP.CP common imaging findings include pancreatic atrophy,irregular dilatation of the pancreatic duct,calcification of pancreatic parenchyma,pancreatic duct stones,etc.In clinical practice,whether any correlations between CP-induced abdominal pain patterns(no pain/constant/intermittent pain)and corresponding imaging findings present are not well known.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively sort out and analyze the relevant information by collecting lots of literature on this field,so as to construct a cross-bridge between the clinical manifestations and imaging manifestations of CP patients.Also,it provides an imaging basis and foundation for the classification and diagnosis of abdominal pain types in clinical CP patients.

Effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging and spiral computed tomography in the staging and treatment prognosis of colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent cancer type in clinical settings;its early signs can be difficult to detect,which often results in late-stage diagnoses in many patients.The early detection and diagnosis of CRC are crucial for improving treatment success and patient survival rates.Recently,imaging techniques have been hypothesized to be essential in managing CRC,with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and spiral computed tomography(SCT)playing a significant role in enhancing diagnostic and treatment approaches.AIM To explore the effectiveness of MRI and SCT in the preoperative staging of CRC and the prognosis of laparoscopic treatment.METHODS Ninety-five individuals admitted to Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University underwent MRI and SCT and were diagnosed with CRC.The precision of MRI and SCT for the presurgical classification of CRC was assessed,and pathological staging was used as a reference.Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of blood volume,blood flow,time to peak,permeability surface,blood reflux constant,volume transfer constant,and extracellular extravascular space volume fraction on the prognosis of patients with CRC.RESULTS Pathological biopsies confirmed the following CRC stages:23,23,32,and 17 at T1,T2,T3,and T4,respectively.There were 39 cases at the N0 stage,22 at N1,34 at N2,44 at M0 stage,and 51 at M1.Using pathological findings as the benchmark,the combined use of MRI and SCT for preoperative TNM staging in patients with CRC demonstrated superior sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy compared with either modality alone,with a statistically significant difference in accuracy(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the predictive values for laparoscopic treatment prognosis,as indicated by the areas under the curve for blood volume,blood flow,time to peak,and permeability surface,blood reflux constant,volume transfer constant,and extracellular extravascular space volume fraction were 0.750,0.683,0.772,0.761,0.709,0.719,and 0.910,respectively.The corresponding sensitivity and specificity values were also obtained(P<0.05).CONCLUSION MRI with SCT is effective in the clinical diagnosis of patients with CRC and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Recent progress in the applications of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in parkinsonism

Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the application of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in disorders that manifest parkinsonism.We conducted a thorough literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed and Web of Science.Selection criteria involved identifying peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5 years,with emphasis on their relevance to clinical applications.The findings from these studies highlight that presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has demonstrated potential not only in diagnosing and differentiating various Parkinsonian conditions but also in assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis.Moreover,when employed in conjunction with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has been validated as a reliable in vivo biomarker.This validation extends to screening and exploring potential neuropathological mechanisms associated with dopaminergic depletion.In summary,the insights gained from interpreting these studies are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preclinical investigations and clinical trials,ultimately advancing toward the goals of neuroregeneration in parkinsonian disorders.

Deep learning-based inpainting of saturation artifacts in optical coherence tomography images

Limited by the dynamic range of the detector,saturation artifacts usually occur in optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging for high scattering media.The available methods are difficult to remove saturation artifacts and restore texture completely in OCT images.We proposed a deep learning-based inpainting method of saturation artifacts in this paper.The generation mechanism of saturation artifacts was analyzed,and experimental and simulated datasets were built based on the mechanism.Enhanced super-resolution generative adversarial networks were trained by the clear–saturated phantom image pairs.The perfect reconstructed results of experimental zebrafish and thyroid OCT images proved its feasibility,strong generalization,and robustness.

Remnant Paleoproterozoic Subduction or Lithospheric Drip Initiation at the Yilgarn Craton Margin:Constraints from P-wave Tomography

The Paleoproterozoic was a critical time in whether modern-style plate tectonics had become globally dominant(e.g.,Wan et al.,2020).The Capricorn Orogen witnessed the assembly of the Pilbara and Yilgarn Cratons and an exotic microcontinent,the Glenburgh Terrane,to form the West Australia Craton(WAC)through two collisional orogenic events,the 2215–2145 Ma Ophthalmian and 2005–1950 Ma Glenburgh Orogenies(Johnson et al.,2013;Fig.1).Compared to other Proterozoic orogenic belts in Australia,the Capricorn Orogen preserves‘complete'opposing continental margin successions,together with intervening arc fragments associated with oceanic closure and foreland basins associated with collisional loading(Cawood et al.,2009).

Development and prospect of acoustic reflection imaging logging processing and interpretation method

Acoustic reflection imaging logging technology can detect and evaluate the development of reflection anomalies,such as fractures,caves and faults,within a range of tens of meters from the wellbore,greatly expanding the application scope of well logging technology.This article reviews the development history of the technology and focuses on introducing key methods,software,and on-site applications of acoustic reflection imaging logging technology.Based on the analyses of major challenges faced by existing technologies,and in conjunction with the practical production requirements of oilfields,the further development directions of acoustic reflection imaging logging are proposed.Following the current approach that utilizes the reflection coefficients,derived from the computation of acoustic slowness and density,to perform seismic inversion constrained by well logging,the next frontier is to directly establish the forward and inverse relationships between the downhole measured reflection waves and the surface seismic reflection waves.It is essential to advance research in imaging of fractures within shale reservoirs,the assessment of hydraulic fracturing effectiveness,the study of geosteering while drilling,and the innovation in instruments of acoustic reflection imaging logging technology.

Triple-path feature transform network for ring-array photoacoustic tomography image reconstruction

Photoacoustic imaging(PAI)is a noninvasive emerging imaging method based on the photoacoustic effect,which provides necessary assistance for medical diagnosis.It has the characteristics of large imaging depth and high contrast.However,limited by the equipment cost and reconstruction time requirements,the existing PAI systems distributed with annular array transducers are difficult to take into account both the image quality and the imaging speed.In this paper,a triple-path feature transform network(TFT-Net)for ring-array photoacoustic tomography is proposed to enhance the imaging quality from limited-view and sparse measurement data.Specifically,the network combines the raw photoacoustic pressure signals and conventional linear reconstruction images as input data,and takes the photoacoustic physical model as a prior information to guide the reconstruction process.In addition,to enhance the ability of extracting signal features,the residual block and squeeze and excitation block are introduced into the TFT-Net.For further efficient reconstruction,the final output of photoacoustic signals uses‘filter-then-upsample’operation with a pixel-shuffle multiplexer and a max out module.Experiment results on simulated and in-vivo data demonstrate that the constructed TFT-Net can restore the target boundary clearly,reduce background noise,and realize fast and high-quality photoacoustic image reconstruction of limited view with sparse sampling.

Multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of bone giant cell tumors:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor of bone is a locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing tumor,and also a potential malignant tumor that may develop into a primary malignant giant cell tumor.AIM To evaluate the role of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of giant cell tumors of bone.METHODS The data of 32 patients with giant cell tumor of bone confirmed by core-needle biopsy or surgical pathology at our hospital between March 2018 and March 2023 were retrospectively selected.All the patients with giant cell tumors of the bone were examined by X-ray,computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and 7 of them were examined by positron emission tomography(PET)-CT.RESULTS X-ray imaging can provide overall information on giant cell tumor lesions.CT and MRI can reveal the characteristics of the internal structure of the tumor as well as the adjacent relationships of the tumor,and these methods have unique advantages for diagnosing tumors and determining the scope of surgery.PET-CT can detect small lesions and is highly valuable for identifying benign and malignant tumors to aid in the early diagnosis of metastasis.CONCLUSION Multimodal imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone and can provide a reference for the treatment of giant cell tumors.

Biliary complications after liver transplantation:A computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging pictorial review

Biliary complications are the most common complications after liver transplantation.Computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are cornerstones for timely diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation.The diagnosis of these complications by CT and MRI requires expertise,mainly with respect to identifying subtle early signs to avoid missed or incorrect diagnoses.For example,biliary strictures may be misdiagnosed on MRI due to size mismatch of the common ducts of the donor and recipient,postoperative edema,pneumobilia,or susceptibility artifacts caused by surgical clips.Proper and prompt diagnosis of biliary complications after transplantation allows the timely initiation of appropriate management.The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate various CT and MRI findings related to biliary complications after liver transplantation,based on time of presentation after surgery and frequency of occurrence.

The Application Progress of Skin Imaging Technology in Psoriasis

Skin imaging technologies such as dermoscopy, high-frequency ultrasound, reflective confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography are developing rapidly in clinical application. Skin imaging technology can improve clinical diagnosis rate, and its non-invasiveness and repeatability make it occupy an irreplaceable position in clinical diagnosis. With the “booming development” of medical technology, skin imaging technology can improve clinical diagnosis rate. Researchers have made significant advances in assisting clinical diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of disease. This article reviews the application and progress of skin imaging in the diagnosis of psoriasis.

Pneumoparotid with imaging findings:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Pneumoparotid is a rare disease associated with retrograde airflow into the ductal system.There is no established treatment for this disease,which has no known complications.Mouth puffing and playing wind instruments are known to be the causes of this disease.CASE SUMMARY We managed a case,in which pneumoparotid suddenly recurred 4 months after surgery for purulent parotiditis.The patient did not report any obvious etiological factors,such as mouth puffing or playing a wind instrument.We reviewed 128 articles(from 1941 to 2023)that reported on a total of 166 patients with pneumoparotid,including the patient from the present case report,with imaging findings.This is the first reported case of pneumoparotid following surgery for purulent parotitis.The etiology in our case was classified as idiopathic.CONCLUSION Imaging findings could be sufficient for accurate pneumoparotid diagnoses and the exclusion of complications;computed tomography could be useful.

Insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray imaging study

The parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the negative half-cell of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)causes severe efficiency losses.Thus,a deeper understanding of this process and the accompanying bubble formation is crucial.This benchmarking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first time using deep learning-based image segmentation of synchrotron X-ray micro-tomograms.Each large three-dimensional data set was processed precisely in less than one minute while minimizing human errors and pointing out areas of increased HER activity in VRFBs.The study systematically varies the electrode potential and material,concluding that more negative electrode potentials of-200 m V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)and lower cause more substantial bubble formation,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–20%in carbon felt electrodes.Contrarily,the bubble fractions stay only around 2%in an electrode combining carbon felt and carbon paper.The detected areas with high HER activity,such as the border subregion with more than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larger electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio might reduce HER-related performance losses.The described combination of electrochemical measurements,local X-ray microtomography,AI-based segmentation,and 3D morphometric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dimensional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad community working on bubble-generating electrochemical systems.

Medical imaging for the diagnosis,recurrence and metastasis evaluation of clear cell sarcoma

Clear cell sarcoma(CCS)of soft tissue is extremely rare,accounting for approximately 1%of all soft tissue tumours.It is very difficult to diagnose CCS based on clinical manifestations.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)provides highresolution images of soft tissues and pathological features such as mucus,necrosis,bleeding,and fat through high and low signals on T1 weighted image(T1WI)and T2 weighted image(T2WI).On the other hand,the paramagnetism of melanin in CCS shortens the relaxation time of T1 and T2,and high signal intensity on T1WI and low signal intensity on T2WI can be found.This is different from most other soft tissue sarcomas.At present,the treatment method for CCS is surgical resection.MRI can effectively display the tumour edge,extent of surrounding oedema,and extent of fat involvement,which is highly important for guiding surgical resection and predicting postoperative recurrence.As an invasive sarcoma,CCS has a high risk of metastasis.Regardless of the pathological condition of the resected tumour,MRI or computed tomography(CT)should be performed every 1-2 years to assess recurrence at the primary site and to screen for metastasis in the lungs,liver,and bones.If necessary,PET-CT can be performed to evaluate the overall condition of the patient.

Recent Research Advances in Imaging of Prostate Cancer

Imaging study plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. As early screening and management of prostate cancer has evolved over the past decade, research is now focusing on how to detect clinically significant prostate cancer and avoid overdiagnosis accurately. This article provides an overview of recent advances in imaging in prostate cancer diagnosis, including new ultrasound imaging techniques, positron emission computed tomography, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, and emerging areas such as imaging histology, by systematically reviewing and summarizing the existing literature.

Imaging features and management of focal liver lesions

Notably,the number of incidentally detected focal liver lesions(FLLs)has increa-sed dramatically in recent years due to the increased use of radiological imaging.The diagnosis of FLLs can be made through a well-documented medical history,physical examination,laboratory tests,and appropriate imaging methods.Although benign FLLs are more common than malignant ones in adults,even in patients with primary malignancy,accurate diagnosis of incidental FLLs is of utmost clinical significance.In clinical practice,FLLs are frequently evaluated non-invasively using ultrasound(US),computed tomography(CT),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Although US is a cost-effective and widely used imaging method,its diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for FLL characterization are limited.FLLs are primarily characterized by obtaining enhancement patterns through dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MRI.MRI is a problem-solving method with high specificity and sensitivity,commonly used for the evaluation of FLLs that cannot be characterized by US or CT.Recent technical advancements in MRI,along with the use of hepatobiliary-specific MRI contrast agents,have significantly improved the success of FLL characterization and reduced unnece-ssary biopsies.The American College of Radiology(ACR)appropriateness criteria are evidence-based recommendations intended to assist clinicians in selecting the optimal imaging or treatment option for their patients.ACR Appropriateness Criteria Liver Lesion-Initial Characterization guideline provides recommend-ations for the imaging methods that should be used for the characterization of incidentally detected FLLs in various clinical scenarios.The American College of Gastroenterology(ACG)Clinical Guideline offers evidence-based recommend-ations for both the diagnosis and management of FLL.American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases(AASLD)Practice Guidance provides an approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.In this article,FLLs are reviewed with a comprehensive analysis of ACR Appropri-ateness Criteria,ACG Clinical Guideline,AASLD Practice Guidance,and current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals.The article includes a discussion of imaging methods used for the assessment of FLL,current recommended imaging techniques,innovations in liver imaging,contrast agents,imaging features of common nonmetastatic benign and malignant FLL,as well as current management recommendations.

3D imaging lipidometry in single cell by in-flow holographic tomography

The most recent discoveries in the biochemical field are highlighting the increasingly important role of lipid droplets(LDs)in several regulatory mechanisms in living cells.LDs are dynamic organelles and therefore their complete characterization in terms of number,size,spatial positioning and relative distribution in the cell volume can shed light on the roles played by LDs.Until now,fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are assessed as the gold standard methods for identifying LDs due to their high sensitivity and specificity.However,such methods generally only provide 2D assays and partial measurements.Furthermore,both can be destructive and with low productivity,thus limiting analysis of large cell numbers in a sample.Here we demonstrate for the first time the capability of 3D visualization and the full LD characterization in high-throughput with a tomographic phase-contrast flow-cytometer,by using ovarian cancer cells and monocyte cell lines as models.A strategy for retrieving significant parameters on spatial correlations and LD 3D positioning inside each cell volume is reported.The information gathered by this new method could allow more in depth understanding and lead to new discoveries on how LDs are correlated to cellular functions.

Surgical complications after pancreatic transplantation:A computed tomography imaging pictorial review

Pancreatic transplantation is considered by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes an acceptable surgical procedure in patients with type 1 diabetes also undergoing kidney transplantation in pre-final or end-stage renal disease if no contraindications are present.Pancreatic transplantation,however,is a complex surgical procedure and may lead to a range of postoperative complications that can significantly impact graft function and patient outcomes.Postoperative computed tomography(CT)is often adopted to evaluate perfusion of the transplanted pancreas,identify complications and as a guide for interventional radiology procedures.CT assessment after pancreatic transplantation should start with the evaluation of the arterial Y-graft,the venous anastomosis and the duodenojejunostomy.With regard to complications,CT allows for the identification of vascular complications,such as thrombosis or stenosis of blood vessels supplying the graft,the detection of pancreatic fluid collections,including pseudocysts,abscesses,or leaks,the assessment of bowel complications(anastomotic leaks,ileus or obstruction),and the identification of bleeding.The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate CT findings of surgical-related complications after pancreatic transplantation.The knowledge of surgical techniques is of key importance to understand postoperative anatomic changes and imaging evaluation.Therefore,we first provide a short summary of the main techniques of pancreatic transplantation.Then,we provide a practical imaging approach to pancreatic transplantation and its complications providing tips and tricks for the prompt imaging diagnosis on CT.