基于P-E-R和成本收益模型的青岛市适度人口规模研究

基于P-E-R模型,选取反映经济发展和资源利用水平的各项指标,通过加权分析建立回归模型,对青岛市适度人口规模进行了研究,同时从成本收益角度分析构建了适度人口测度模型考察了青岛市的城镇化质量,以新型城镇化发展为焦点,为应对未来人口增长提供了资源配置方案及建议.结果表明:青岛市经济人口承载力优势显著,明显高于资源人口承载力;现阶段青岛市人口发展符合适度人口规模,人口增长存在一定空间,但人口增长速度低于全国水平;预计到2035年,青岛市人口约为1200万人.

Screening and early detection of pancreatic cancer in high risk population

Pancreatic cancer is a serious growing health issue in developed countries.For patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer,the five year survival rate is below 5%.One major important reason leads to the poor survival rate is lack of early detection of pancreatic cancer.Over 80% of the patients are diagnosed in advanced disease stages.Screening for pancreatic cancer is a desirable option for high risk individuals to allow early detection and treatment of curable pancreatic neoplasms at a pre-invasive stage.This article highlights the need,endpoint,population,method,diagnostic yield,and the problems of current screening programs.

Detecting the polymorphism sites of p53 and Fas genes of Han population in Zhejiang province

BACKGROUND： It is of significance for single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs）, a difference of rank, which exists widely in biology, genetics and other fields. OBJECTIVE： To detect polymorphism sites in exon-4 of p53 gene, promotor of Fas gene and intron-7 of Fas gene of healthy people in Han nationality in Zhejiang province. DESIGN： Simple random sampling. SETTING： Department of Surgery of the 118 Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS： A total of 80 healthy people in Han nationality were selected from hospitals in Zhejiang province from August 2005 to January 2006. There were 43 males and 37 females aged from 3 to 78 years with the mean age of 39.5 years, and all subjects were consent. DNA which was used in genetic analysis was selected from peripheral venous blood of all subjects and maintained at -20℃.METHODS： Polymorphism sites in exon-4 of p53 gene, promotor of Fas gene and intron-7 of Fas gene were detected with directly DNA sequencing technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： Polymorphism sites in exon-4 of p53 gene, promotor of Fas gene and intron-7 of Fas gene of healthy people in Han nationality in Zhejiang province. RESULTS： A total of 80 samples were involved in the final analysis. SNPs sites were found at the 119^th base of exon-4 of p53 gene （the 72^nd codon of p53 gene）, the 670^th base of upper start codon in promotor of Fas gene （Fas-670）, and the 995^th base of intron-7 of Fas gene, especially SNPs in the 995^th base of intron-7 pf Fas gene, i.e. C→A transversion, was a new site.CONCLUSION ： One unknown SNPs site is discovered in intron-7 of Fas gene of people in Han nationality in Zhejiang province. This study also proves that the 72^nd codon exists in p53 gene and the -670 polymorphism site exists in promotor of Fas gene.

Association of G-protein coupled purinergic receptor P2Y2 with ischemic stroke in a Han Chinese population of North China

The G-protein-coupled purinergic receptor P2Y2(P2RY2) plays an important role in the mechanism of atherosclerosis, which is relevant to ischemic stroke. This retrospective case-control study aimed to assess the relationship between P2RY2 gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in the northern Han Chinese population. In this study, clinical data and peripheral blood specimens were collected from 378 ischemic stroke patients and 344 controls. The ischemic stroke participants were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University. The controls were recruited from the Health Check Center at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. Ischemic stroke patients were divided into two subgroups according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment(TOAST) classification: large-artery atherosclerosis(n = 178) and small-artery occlusion(n = 200) strokes. All subjects were genotyped for three single nucleotide polymorphisms(rs4944831, rs1783596, and rs4944832) in the P2RY2 gene using peripheral venous blood samples. The distribution of the dominant rs4944832 phenotype(GG vs. GA+AA) differed significantly between small-artery occlusion patients and control subjects(odds ratio(OR) = 1.720, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.203–2.458, P < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the GG genotype of rs4944832 was significantly more prevalent in small-artery occlusion patients than in control subjects(OR = 1.807, 95% CI: 1.215–2.687, P < 0.01). The overall distribution of the haplotype established by rs4944831-rs1783596-rs4944832 was significantly different between ischemic stroke patients and controls(P < 0.01). In ischemic stroke patients, the frequency of the G-C-G haplotype was significantly higher than in control subjects(P = 0.028), whereas the frequency of the T-C-A haplotype was lower than in control subjects(P = 0.047). These results indicate that the G-C-G haplotype of P2RY2 is a susceptibility haplotype for ischemic stroke. In addition, the GG genotype of rs4944832 may be associated with the development of small-artery occlusion in the northern Han Chinese population. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University on February 20, 2012(No. 2012-38-1) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, China, on March 1, 2013(No. 2013-03-1). All participants gave their informed consent. This trial was registered with the ISRCTN Registry(ISRCTN11439124) on October 24, 2018. Protocol version(1.0).

A hybrid swarm population of Pinus densiflora × P. sylvestris inferred from sequence analysis of chloroplast DNA and morphological characters

To confirm a hybrid swarm population of Pinus densiflora × P. sylvestris in Jilin, China, we used needles and seeds from P. densiflora, P. sylvestris, and P. densiflora × P. sylvestris collected from natural stands or experimental stations to study whether shoot apex morphology of 4-year old seedlings can be correlated with the sequence of a chloroplast DNA simple sequence repeat marker （cpDNA SSRs）. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to sequence analysis of the pine cpDNA SSR marker Pt15169. Results show that morphological characters from 4-year old seedlings did not correlate with sequence variants of this marker. Marker haplotypes from all P. sylvestris trees had a CTAT element that was absent from all sampled P. densiflora trees. However, both haplotype classes involving this insertion/deletion element were found in a P. densiflora × P. sylvestris population and its seedling progeny. It was concluded that the P. densiflora × P. sylvestris accessions sampled from Jilin, China resulted from bi-directional crosses, as evidenced by both species’ cpDNA haplotypes within the hybrid swarm population.

Population Structures and Diets of Two Species of <i>Pisodonophis</i>(Ophichthidae) from the Southwest Coast of Taiwan

This study was used to lift nets and trap net fishing at intertidal zone of lagoon and estuarine regions of southern Taiwan. From July 2013 to July 2018, a total 420 specimens of Pisodonophis were analyzed, the average total body length (TL) and average body weight (W) of P. boro eels are 68.4 ± 11.9 cm and 140.4 ± 86.1 g (N = 194), respectively. Typically, P. cancrivorus eels are smaller (TL = 52.8 ± 9.2 cm) and lighter (W = 107.9 ± 73.7 g [N = 119]) than P. boro eels. The natural logarithmic linear relationships between the TL and W of P. boro and P. cancrivorus are respectively expressed as ln(W)b = 2.4405 ln(TL) − 5.4448 (R2 = 0.796, N = 194) and ln(W)c = 3.2168 ln(TL) − 8.2027, (R2 = 0.934, N= 119). P. cancrivorus typically preys on shrimp, crab, and fish;lab assessment revealed that the frequencies of occurrence of these foods in their guts were 49%, 21%, and 15%, respectively (N = 100). The main catch months of P. boro were during the rainy season, and that of P. cancrivorus were the winter season in Taiwan. The average W values of P. boro from Jhuoshuei and Puzih estuaries were 343.2 ± 218.8 g (N = 91) and 140.4 ± 86.1 g (N = 194), respectively. Furthermore, the results of the study revealed that the Puzih estuary is overfished. We suggest that fishery management units should develop some protection measures for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems in estuarine regions. For example, the P. boro weighing less than 113 g will be released back to the estuary.

中国拉祜族PP1PK血型频率调查

目的 了解中国拉祜族人群中P1PK血型和GLOB血型表现频率,掌握拉祜族人群遗传现状。掌握该类血型表现型频率可为患者临床输血安全提供数据支撑,为孕妇提供妊娠建议及用血指导。方法 随机抽取中国拉祜族人群无关个体,进行P1PK、P血型血清学鉴定及基因测序分析,分析P1PK血型和GLOB血型表现频率。结果 从300名拉祜族人群中检出6例抗-PP1Pk(原抗-Tja,以下均称抗-PP1Pk)反应阴性血型,鉴定为罕见的P1-PK-P-血型(原称Tja-血型或p血型,以下均称为p血型)。拉祜族人群P1PK、GLOB血型系统中p血型表型频率为2.0%(6/300)。结论 拉祜族人群p血型表型频率明显高于欧州(5.8人/每百万人)和中国香港地区(1人/每百万人),存在显蓍的民族特异性和地域种族差异性。

甘蔗SSR和AFLP分子遗传连锁图谱构建

采用甘蔗商业品种Co419与野生种割手密Y75/1/2杂交,获得269个单株,组成F1群体,用F102/356与商业品种ROC25回交获得266个单株,组成BC1群体。利用筛选的多态性条带丰富的36对SSR引物和12对AFLP引物,对两个群体进行PCR扩增和分子遗传连锁分析,构建甘蔗分子遗传连锁图谱。用F1群体获得630个分离标记,经χ2检测,298个标记为单双剂量标记,占总标记数的47%;用BC1群体获得571个分离标记,有264个标记为单双剂量标记,占总标记数的46%;4个亲本获得单双剂量标记的数量依次为Co419>02/356>Y75/1/2>ROC25。在LOD≥5.0,相邻标记遗传距离≤40cM的条件下,F1群体有134个单双剂量标记被纳入55个连锁群,其中39个连锁群归属8个同源组,16个未列入,总遗传距离为1458.3cM,标记间平均图距为10.9cM;BC1群体有133个单双剂量标记被纳入47个连锁群,其中34个连锁群归属于8个同源组,13个连锁群未列入,总遗传距离为1059.6cM,标记间平均图距为8.0cM。从4个亲本单双剂量标记进入的连锁群数来看,Co419最多,归入34个连锁群,其次为Y75/1/2,归入20个连锁群,第3为02/356和ROC25,归入19个连锁群。研究结果表明,从单双剂量标记比例、形成连锁群数量、总遗传距离来看,F1群体构图质量要优于BC1群体。

基于抽样分布理论的P-Ⅲ型分布均值的不确定性分析

针对P-Ⅲ型分布参数的不确定性问题,提出了应用抽样分布理论进行研究的方法。引入抽样分布及特征函数的概念,推导了P-Ⅲ型分布样本均值的分布函数,构造辅助随机变量并推导了其分布函数,在总体的离势系数和偏态系数已知情况下,结合上下概率分位点得到了总体均值的置信区间;方法应用于上犹江流域,计算得到了其设计洪峰的置信区间。理论推导表明,样本均值和辅助随机变量仍服从P-Ⅲ型分布,且辅助随机变量的分布参数仅与总体的离势系数和偏态系数有关。将该方法应用于上犹江流域,设计洪峰的置信区间合理,说明基于抽样分布理论研究P-Ⅲ型分布均值的不确定性是可行的,且分析结果受总体离势系数影响较大而受偏态系数影响较小。

国家标准GB/T3840-91中城市大气污染物总量控制A-P值法的应用

本文叙述了在大气总悬浮微粒物实行总量控制时使用GB/T384-91中A-P值方法的经验,给出了一些计算公式及参数,同时还介绍了使用上述国家标准时对求算允许排放总量的主要参数土地面积进行人口订正的经验公式和确定经验系数的方法.

冬小麦群体根系^(32)P吸收活力与群体光合速率关系的研究

利用同位素示踪技术,研究了冬小麦（鲁麦14）群体根系吸收活力和群体光合速率变化动态之间的关系。结果表明:返青到成熟,冬小麦群体根系^(32)P吸收活力与群体光合速率符合回归方程y=2.050+1.641x（r=0.8163）;群体根系^(32)P吸收活力与根层~14C光合产物集运速率显著相关（r=0.9629）,其变化主要受根层、茎层、叶层^(32)P矿质集运速率的影响;群体光合速率的变化与根层、茎层和叶层的^(32)P矿质集运速率之间的关系都极为密切,其变化显著受根层^(14)C光合产物集运速率的影响;根层、叶层和穗层的^(14)C光合产物集运速率与其^(32)P矿质集运速率的变化之间关系密切。

基于P-E-R模型城市人口承载力的判断与提升路径研究——以青岛市为例

人口承载力正在成为制约城市规模扩张的关键因素。青岛市城镇化水平不断提高的同时,人口规模与城市承载力之间的矛盾日益凸显。运用P-E-R模型,基于高、中、低三方案,分别测算青岛市2007-2013年经济人口承载力、资源人口承载力。研究发现:青岛市经济人口承载力高于资源人口承载力,产业发展以资源高投入为代价;经济人口承载力差异明显,未来就业潜力堪忧;自然资源接近或达到本地资源潜力极限,人口承载力亟需进一步提升。鉴于此,新型城镇化背景下,青岛市提高人口承载力的路径是:协同推进人口发展与产业转型升级,增强经济承载力;促进人口合理布局,提高空间承载力;统筹推进城乡生态保护,提高资源环境承载力。

外源氮磷负荷比增加对刺苦草(Vallisneria spinulosa)生长的影响

磷(P)是水生态系统生产力的限制因子,因此,在水体富营养化治理的过程中,许多地方采取了有效的措施控制流域P的排放;但氮(N)来源复杂,难以有效控制,导致湖泊外源的N∶P负荷比日益扩大.植物的生长需要合适的N∶P比,因此,外源N∶P负荷比的增加可能会对沉水植物的生长产生影响.采取控制实验,将刺苦草(Vallisneria spinulosa)栽种于塑料桶中,每隔3 d添加1次N、P营养盐,实验设置5个处理,P外源性负荷量固定为4 mg/(m^2·d),N外源性负荷量分别为0、40、80、120、160 mg/(m^2·d).实验周期为80 d.结果显示:随着N∶P负荷比的增加,刺苦草的叶干重、植株总干重、根干重、叶N及总N含量、叶片数、叶P及总P含量等指标基本保持不变或略有增加,单株总根长、根茎长度、块茎干重和无性系小株数目则呈现下降趋势.结果表明:随外源N∶P负荷比的增加,刺苦草个体生长指标总体呈现不变的趋势,但与种群扩张潜力相关的指标如根茎长度、块茎干重和无性系小株数目等则呈现下降趋势;刺苦草体内累积的N随外源N∶P负荷比的增加而增加,但P的累积保持不变.说明N∶P负荷比的增加对刺苦草个体生长影响不大,但对种群扩张不利;刺苦草对P的吸收也并不随N∶P比的增加而改变.

p-Kirchhoff型方程解的多重性

考虑p-Kirchhoff型方程解的多重性.应用变分法,结合非线性项在零点和无穷远处的渐近性态,当Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz条件不满足时得到了p-Kirchhoff型方程解的存在性.

基于GDP、人口视角的广东省MRI区域配置分析

目的调查广东省医院MRI的配置现状,分析其与国民生产总值(GDP)、区域常住人口的相关性进行分析,为卫生行政主管部门调整/优化卫生资源配置提供依据。方法本研究采用全面调查与文献调查相结合的方式。向广东省一级以上的医疗单位寄发问卷调查表,要求调查对象根据本院的情况如实填写并在规定时间内寄回。通过查阅、收集广东省职业卫生检测中心、广东省职业病防治院等单位的年度报表,收集与本研究相关的信息。对于二者间的差异,直接电话咨询医疗单位并决定取舍。资料的截止日期为2012年9月15日。使用SPSS 13.0对国民生产总值和MRI数量进行相关性分析。结果截止到2012年9月15日,广东省21地/市共配置MRI150台,其中广州配置40台,占全省总数的26.67%;深圳、东莞、佛山配置均超过15台,而其余各地/市均不超过10台。MRI台数与GDP间的Perason相关系数为0.915;MRI配置数量与地/市常住人口间Perason相关系数为0.810。结论广东省医院MRI配置呈严重的偏态分布,其配置与GDP、区域常住人口间存在高度正向相关,但GDP对其影响高于区域常住人口对其的影响。有必要对广东省医院MRI的配置重新规划并行政干预调节,以保证卫生资源的合理配置。

正态总体均值与标准差比在序约束下的广义p-值检验

本文利用广义p-值和U-I检验法研究了多个正态总体均值与标准差比在简单半序和树序约束下的检验问题.提出了广义检验变量,得到了多个正态总体均值与标准差比在简单半序和树序约束下检验问题的广义p-值.同时运用MonteCarlo方法给出了模拟结果.

Fisher与Neyman-Pearson的分歧与心理统计中的假设检验争议

假设检验思想的提出者Fisher与Neyman-Pearson在统计模型的方法论基础、两类错误的性质、显著性水平的理解、以及假设检验的功能等方面存在诸多分歧,使得心理统计中最常用的原假设显著性检验模式呈现出隐含的各种矛盾,从而引发了应用上的争议。心理统计不仅需要检讨现有检验模型的模糊之处和提出其他补充性的统计推论方式,更应注重反思心理统计的教育传统,以建立更加开放和多元的统计应用视野,使心理统计为更好地心理学研究服务。

基于乘客出行价值效用函数的P&R规模预测

为解决北京停车换乘(Park and Ride,P&R)设施建设规模难以确定的问题,建立了P&R规模预测模型.首先从乘客出行方式的价值效用函数出发,探讨P&R吸引范围;其次根据核密度函数原理分析P&R乘客的出行意愿,得到P&R吸引强度的分布函数;然后结合北京人口分布函数,参照出行量生成模型G-MS,探讨P&R吸引人口的函数模型及规模预测函数;最后以西二旗P&R为实例,验证预测规模并得出结论:距离P&R停车场2km到5.5km的乘客约占P&R使用者的50%,西二旗P&R合理规模为488个停车位,与实际规划相差不大,同时该理论模型对北京市其他轨道交通站点的P&R规模预测具有一定的指导意义.

3P抽样与πPSWOR抽样的精度比较

证明在超总体模型下，当Ｎ充分大时，３Ｐ抽样的比率估计量与πＰＳＷＯＲ抽样的Ｈｏｒｖｉｔｚ－Ｔｈｏｍｐｓｏｎ估计量的精度近似相等。

P/O-丁酰基苯酚的土壤微生物生态效应

研究了p/o-丁酰基苯酚对土壤微生物活性的影响,结果表明:p/o-丁酰基苯酚在所设计的浓度下,对土壤呼吸作用、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性没有显著影响。对土壤放线菌数量没有影响;对真菌数量影响不大;对细菌数量的影响则为先抑制,且随浓度增大抑制作用增强,后逐渐恢复稳定。