末次冰期以来中国海区浮游有孔虫Pulleniatina obliquiloculata含量变化的地层学意义

西北太平洋尤其是中国海区末次冰期旋回中浮游有孔虫Pulleniatina obliquiloculata含量变化研究是近年来最重要的古海洋学内容之一。作者综合分析了中国及邻近海区具有可靠测年地层的深海沉积物柱状样中P.obliquiloculata含量变化,探讨其含量低值事件（PME）的生物地层学意义。末次冰期以来P.obliquiloculata含量变化在中国海区呈现两种变化模式：一是以东海及南海北部为代表的冰期含量低、间冰期含量高的特点;另一种则是南海南部的冰期含量高、间冰期含量低的现象。高分辨率地层记录显示,在这种冰期/间冰期总体变化趋势基础上,我国东海、南海和黑潮源区等广泛存在晚全新世～4300-2800cal yr BPP.obliquiloculata含量低值,但以南海北部与东海冲绳海槽最为明显;而南海南部P.obliquiloculata含量还在冰消期（～16.5-15cal kyr BP）有另一特征的低含量阶段。因而,末次冰期旋回中国海区P.obliquiloculata含量变化可以作为区域性地层划分和对比的标志。尽管如此,由于黑潮分支水团的影响,冲绳海槽中部和北部部分海域,在末次冰期与PME期间,P.obliquiloculata虽然含量相对较低,但仍可保持3%-5%以上,而非多数站位PME事件中的特征性零含量。研究表明PME事件主要由次表层海水的温度降低、温跃层变浅、上部水体温度梯度增加等引起,与表层海水无关,但引起这些海洋环境变化的原因尚不清楚。

The prognostic impact of P wave dispersion in prediction of clinical outcome after percutaneous balloon mitarl valvuloplasty in patients with mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of P-maximum and P-wave dispersion on the long term clinical outcome after successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and sinus rhythm. Also to test the correlation between P-variables and right ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure before and after PMBV. Methods: Eighty-five patients undergoing PMBV were enrolled in this study. We evaluated P-maximum, P-minimum and P-wave dispersion before and one month after PBMV. We studied the changes in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), left atrial (LA) dimension, mitral diastolic gradient, and mitral valve area, in addition to the changes in right ventricular function utilizing tissue Doppler assessment both before and after PMBV, in addition the role of the P-wave dispersion in predicttion of late cardiac events. Results: There were significant decreases in mean diastolic gradient, PAP, and LA size and significant improvement in right ventricular tissue Doppler indices after PMBV. Ac- company these hemodynamic changes after PMBV. P-maximum and P-wave dispersion were found to be decreased (P < 0.001). Patients developed cardiac events during follow-up had a higher P-maximum and P-dispersion than those without late cardiac events (P < 0.001). Moreover the changes in P-maxi- mum and P-dispersion before and after PMBV in patients with cardiac events were not significant, while P-maximum and P-dispersion significantly (P < 0.002) decreased in patients without events It was revealed with linear regression and correlation analy- sis that the degree of and the changes in P-maximum and P-wave dispersion were correlated with devel- opment of late cardiac events after PMBV, with Cut-off values of ≥62.8 msec for P-wave dispersion and 118 mes for P-maximum.ROC curve showed AUC of 0.919 for P-wave dispersion and 0.913 for P-maximum (P < 0.001). Conclusion: P-wave maximum and dispersion are significantly increased in patients with mitral stenosis. These changes decreased significantly after PMBV. The P-maximum and P-wave dispersion changes were correlated with significant impairment of right dysfunction and the degree of pulmonary artery pressure. P-maximum and P-wave dispersion could be considered as independent predictors of late outcome of patients with MS after successful PMBV (AF, recurrent hospital admission, embolic phenomenon deterioration of right ventricular function).

中全新世冲绳海槽北部的水文气候变化:浮游有孔虫群落证据

东海东北部的浮游有孔虫群落结构受长江冲淡水和黑潮暖流的显著影响。对冲绳海槽北部NOKT-3岩芯178个样品中浮游有孔虫的统计分析,共鉴定出壳径大于150μm的种属28种。其中,低温低盐种Globigerina quinqueloba的百分含量在中全新世早期波动剧烈,而中晚期呈逐渐下降趋势。G.quinqueloba是长江冲淡水指示种,长江冲淡水的强弱受到东亚夏季风降雨的控制。因此,据6330aBP以来G.quinqueloba含量的变化将中全新世长江中下游地区的降雨量变化划分为3个阶段:(1)6330～4950aBP降雨较强,为全新世适宜期;(2)4950～4600aBP期间降雨开始减少,全新世适宜期结束;(3)4600～3890aBP间降雨量明显降低,气候显著变干。降雨量这一变化过程的机制可能是全新世早期以来北半球太阳辐射量逐渐减小,导致东亚夏季风强度减弱,季风前缘锋面逐渐向东南方向退缩,因而长江中下游地区中全新世降雨量逐渐降低。此外,黑潮指示种Pulleniatina obliquiloculata含量的变化显示,中全新世早期6330～5100aBP期间,黑潮比较强,对冲绳海槽的影响持续而强劲;中全新世晚期5100～4000aBP P.obliquiloculata含量显著降低,对应着P.obliquiloculata极小值事件(PME),表明中全新世晚期PME发生时区域气候并没有明显变冷,且海槽北部的PME事件也无法用赤道太平洋长期的类El Ni1o状态来解释。