Picea crassifolia and P.wilsonii,commonly used for afforestation in northern China,are increasingly likely to be subjected to high temperatures and soil drought stress as a result of global warming.However,little is k...Picea crassifolia and P.wilsonii,commonly used for afforestation in northern China,are increasingly likely to be subjected to high temperatures and soil drought stress as a result of global warming.However,little is known about the effects of these stresses on foliar photosynthesis in the two species.To investigate how photosynthetic characteristics and sensitivity respond to prolonged high temperatures and soil drought,foliar gas exchange and other closely related parameters were recorded from four-year-old seedlings of both species.Seedlings were grown under two temperature treatments(25/15 and 35/25 °C) and four soil water regimes [80,60,40 and 20% of maximum field capacity(FC)] for 4 months.Although all treatments significantly reduced photosynthetic rates(Pn) of both species,P.crassifolia exhibited greater photosynthetic acclimation than P.wilsonii.Differences in photosynthetic acclimation were mainly related to variations in stomatal conductance(Cond) and the maximum quantum yield of PSII(Fv/Fm) between treatments.Indeed,higher Cond and Fv/Fmin all treatments were shown for P.crassifolia than for P.wilsonii.Moreover,photosynthesis in P.crassifolia exhibited inherently lower temperature sensitivities(broader span for the temperature response curves; lower b) and higher thermostability(invariable b between treatments).Further,severe drought stress(20% FC) limited the survival of P.wilsonii.Our results indicate that P.wilsonii is more susceptible to high temperatures and soil drought stress.Planting P.crassifolia would be more expected to survive these conditions and hence be of greater benefit to forest stability if predicted increases in drought and temperature in northern China occur.展开更多
目前电磁时间反演(electromagnetic time reversal,EMTR)多应用在单一线路故障定位,且现有判据在高阻抗接地情况下效果不理想。针对上述问题,基于EMTR故障定位原理和均匀传输线理论推导了传播过程中线路故障信号与测量信号的传递函数,...目前电磁时间反演(electromagnetic time reversal,EMTR)多应用在单一线路故障定位,且现有判据在高阻抗接地情况下效果不理想。针对上述问题,基于EMTR故障定位原理和均匀传输线理论推导了传播过程中线路故障信号与测量信号的传递函数,根据传递函数的相关性提出了P范数判据。利用ATP-EMTP搭建10 kV配电网线路,对比了2范数与P范数判据在复杂配电网中的定位性能,并验证了所提判据在混合配电网线路的适用性。最后,分析了配电网发生低阻抗及高阻抗接地故障下P范数判据的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该方法在过渡电阻高达3 kΩ的情况下能准确定位,且定位精度高,受噪声、故障类型和采样频率的影响小。展开更多
随着分布式清洁能源发电技术的发展,传统电力用户逐渐转变为电能产消者,并可采用合作联盟形式参与电力P2P(peer to peer)交易,促进分布式清洁能源就地消纳。该文通过从源端和传输端分别核算碳减排量的方法,构建一类考虑经济效益和环境...随着分布式清洁能源发电技术的发展,传统电力用户逐渐转变为电能产消者,并可采用合作联盟形式参与电力P2P(peer to peer)交易,促进分布式清洁能源就地消纳。该文通过从源端和传输端分别核算碳减排量的方法,构建一类考虑经济效益和环境效益的社会福利函数,研究分布式电能产消者通过合作联盟形式实现社会福利最大化的途径。设计一种依据产消者对联盟社会福利贡献值分配合作剩余的机制,激励产消者合作的积极性以维持联盟的稳定。算例分析表明:相较于P2G(peer-to-grid)交易和非合作P2P交易,产消者以合作联盟方式参与电力P2P交易的社会福利分别提升了62.62%、33.79%。因此,以市场化的方式组建合作联盟参与电力P2P交易并合理分配利益,可挖掘分布式清洁能源就地消纳的潜力,促进能源消费的绿色低碳转型。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31370603,31170571 and31522013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2016-ct10)
文摘Picea crassifolia and P.wilsonii,commonly used for afforestation in northern China,are increasingly likely to be subjected to high temperatures and soil drought stress as a result of global warming.However,little is known about the effects of these stresses on foliar photosynthesis in the two species.To investigate how photosynthetic characteristics and sensitivity respond to prolonged high temperatures and soil drought,foliar gas exchange and other closely related parameters were recorded from four-year-old seedlings of both species.Seedlings were grown under two temperature treatments(25/15 and 35/25 °C) and four soil water regimes [80,60,40 and 20% of maximum field capacity(FC)] for 4 months.Although all treatments significantly reduced photosynthetic rates(Pn) of both species,P.crassifolia exhibited greater photosynthetic acclimation than P.wilsonii.Differences in photosynthetic acclimation were mainly related to variations in stomatal conductance(Cond) and the maximum quantum yield of PSII(Fv/Fm) between treatments.Indeed,higher Cond and Fv/Fmin all treatments were shown for P.crassifolia than for P.wilsonii.Moreover,photosynthesis in P.crassifolia exhibited inherently lower temperature sensitivities(broader span for the temperature response curves; lower b) and higher thermostability(invariable b between treatments).Further,severe drought stress(20% FC) limited the survival of P.wilsonii.Our results indicate that P.wilsonii is more susceptible to high temperatures and soil drought stress.Planting P.crassifolia would be more expected to survive these conditions and hence be of greater benefit to forest stability if predicted increases in drought and temperature in northern China occur.
文摘目前电磁时间反演(electromagnetic time reversal,EMTR)多应用在单一线路故障定位,且现有判据在高阻抗接地情况下效果不理想。针对上述问题,基于EMTR故障定位原理和均匀传输线理论推导了传播过程中线路故障信号与测量信号的传递函数,根据传递函数的相关性提出了P范数判据。利用ATP-EMTP搭建10 kV配电网线路,对比了2范数与P范数判据在复杂配电网中的定位性能,并验证了所提判据在混合配电网线路的适用性。最后,分析了配电网发生低阻抗及高阻抗接地故障下P范数判据的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该方法在过渡电阻高达3 kΩ的情况下能准确定位,且定位精度高,受噪声、故障类型和采样频率的影响小。
文摘随着分布式清洁能源发电技术的发展,传统电力用户逐渐转变为电能产消者,并可采用合作联盟形式参与电力P2P(peer to peer)交易,促进分布式清洁能源就地消纳。该文通过从源端和传输端分别核算碳减排量的方法,构建一类考虑经济效益和环境效益的社会福利函数,研究分布式电能产消者通过合作联盟形式实现社会福利最大化的途径。设计一种依据产消者对联盟社会福利贡献值分配合作剩余的机制,激励产消者合作的积极性以维持联盟的稳定。算例分析表明:相较于P2G(peer-to-grid)交易和非合作P2P交易,产消者以合作联盟方式参与电力P2P交易的社会福利分别提升了62.62%、33.79%。因此,以市场化的方式组建合作联盟参与电力P2P交易并合理分配利益,可挖掘分布式清洁能源就地消纳的潜力,促进能源消费的绿色低碳转型。
