The Relationship of Expression of bcl-2, p53, and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) to Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma

To investigate the relationship of bcl-2, p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to cell proliferation, apoptosis and pathological parameters, the patterns of cell growth and turnover in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 34 patients with RCC were examined. Cell proliferation activity was detected by PCNA immunostaining and the proliferation index (PI) was expressed as a percentage of the PCNA-positive cells in the tumor cells. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxy- nucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), and the apoptotic index (AI) was expressed as a percentage of the TUNEL-positive cells in the tumor cells. Expressions of bcl-2 and p53 were assessed immunohistochemically. Our results showed that the PI ranged from 6.0 % to 24.0 % (median 12.3 %) and the AI from 2.0 % to 8.0 % (median 5.4 %) in RCC. The expression of the bcl-2 protein was demonstrated in 15 cases (44.1 %); the expression of the p53 protein, however, was seen in only 3 case. bcl-2 positivity was not associated with PI or AI or any pathological parameters. There were close associations between PI and tumor grade and stage, and a significant relationship between AI and the tumor grade of RCC. Our study suggests that bcl-2 positivity was not associated with PI or AI or any pathological parameters. There are close associations between PI and AI and tumor grade and stage of RCC. Active cell proliferation may be accompanied by frequent apoptosis in RCC.

A New Method for Ultra-sensitive P24 Antigen Assay Based on Near-infrared Fluorescent Microsphere Immunochromatography

Objective To develop a rapid,highly sensitive quantitative method for detecting P24 antigen based on near-infrared fluorescent microsphere immunochromatography.Methods First,we prepared a lateral flow assay test strip,and labeled the detection antibody using a fluorescent microsphere.Second,we optimized the antibody labeling conditions.Third,we optimized the detection conditions.Fourth,we created a working curve.Fifth,we conducted a methodological assessment of the established fluorescent microsphere immunochromatography method.Sixty-six clinical samples were tested,and we compared the established fluorescent microsphere immunochromatography with the quantitative ELISA method.Results According to the working curve,the detection limit of the method is 3.4 pg/mL,and the detection range is 3.4 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL.The average intra-assay recovery was 99.6%,and the Coefficient of Variation(CV)was 5.4%–8.6%;the average inter-assay recovery was 97.3%,and the CV was 8.5%–11%.The detection rate of fluorescent microsphere immunochromatography was higher than ELISA method,and had a good correlation with ELISA.Conclusion The P24 antigen quantitative detection method based on near-infrared fluorescent microsphere immunochromatography has the advantages of rapid detection,high sensitivity,and wide detection range;thus,it is suitable for early clinical diagnosis and continuous monitoring of AIDS.

Adjuvant chemotherapy,p53,carcinoembryonic antigen expression and prognosis after D2 gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma

AIM: To investigate adjuvant chemotherapy, p53 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression and prognosis after D2 gastrectomy for stage II/III gastric adenocarcinoma.

The potential of carcinoembryonic antigen,p53,Ki-67 and glutathion Stransferase-π as clinico-histopathological markers for colorectal cancer

Objective： Colorectal cancer is one of the major contributors to cancer death worldwide. Lack of reliable colorectal cancer markers has hampered the management of these cancer patients. Our main purpose was to study the correlation between histopathological variables of colorectal adenocarcinomas and identify histopathological markers that are of prognostic value in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods： In the present study, we examined the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA）, p53, Ki-67 and glutathion Stransferase （GST） -n by using immunohistochemical staining methods in 126 colorectal carcinoma patients and evaluated the lymph node metastasis status in these patients by histopathological examination. Results： The positive rates of CEA, p53, Ki-67 and GST-π expression in the colorectal cancer tissue specimens examined were 95.23%, 55.56%, 53.38% and 82.30%, respectively. Expression of p53 and Ki-67 was significantly correlated with the Dukes stages of the tumor, with higher levels of these proteins in Dukes＇ C and D tumors than those in Dukes＇ A and B tumors. Furthermore, the expression of p53, GST-π and Ki-67 correlated with prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Additionally, the expression of p53 in colorectal cancer was closely related to the expression of Ki-67 and the expression of GST-π was directly correlated with that of p53. Conclusion： The expression of CEA, p53, Ki-67 and GST-π was correlated with various clinical features of patients with colorectal cancer. The combined use of these histopathological markers appeared to be a promising tool in predicting the prognosis of patients with this type of cancer.

EXPRESSION OF P53 PROTEIN AND PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN IN HUMAN GESTATION TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE

To study the relationship between p53 protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and benign or malignant gestational trophoblastic disease (MGTD). Methods: The histotomic sections of 48 patients with gestational trophoblastic disease and 24 patients of normal chorionic villi were stained using immunohistochemistry. The monoclonal antibodies were used to determine p53 protein and PCNA. Results: The frequency of p53 and PCNA positive expression were significantly different among the chorionic villi of normal pregnancy, hydratidiform mole (HM) and MGTD. But neither p53 nor PCNA has any relation with the clinical staging or metastasis of MGTD. Conclusion: Both P53 and PCNA are valuable in diagnosis of human gestational trophoblastic disease.

Expression of p27kip1, Rb protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and its relationship with clinicopathology in human pancreatic cancer

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of inhibiting factor of cell cycle regulation p27kipl,retinoblastinoma protein （Rb protein）, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） on the genesis andprogression of human pancreatic cancer.METHODS: The expression of p27kipl, Rb protein and PCNA in the tumor tissue and adjacent tissue of32 patients with pancreatic cancer was detected by SP immunohistochemical technique.RESULTS: The p27kipl protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissue of pancreatic cancer was56.25%, which was lower than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue （P【0.05）. p27kipl proteinpositive-expression was correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis（P【0.05）. The Rb gene protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissue was 50%, which was alsolower than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue （P【0.05 ）. The PCNA positive-expression rate was71.87%, which was higher than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue （P【0.05）. PCNA positive-expression was also correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis（P【0.05）.CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of p27kipl, Rb protein and over-expression of PCNA may playan important role in the genesis and progression of pancreatic cancer.

Clinicopathological significance of human leukocyte antigen F-associated transcript 10 expression in colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. The worldwide mortality rate of CRC is about one half of its morbidity. Ubiquitin is a key regulatory factor in the cell cycle and widely exists in eukaryotes. Human leukocyte antigen F-associated transcript 10(FAT10), known as diubiquitin, is an 18 kDa protein with 29% and 36% homology with the N and C termini of ubiquitin. The function of FAT10 has not been fully elucidated, and some studies have shown that it plays an important role in various cell processes.AIM To examine FAT10 expression and to analyze the relationship between FAT10 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of CRC.METHODS FAT10 expression in 61 cases of CRC and para-cancer colorectal tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The relationship between FAT10 expression and clinicopathological parameters of CRC was statistically analyzed.RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the positive rate of FAT10 expression in CRC(63.93%) was significantly higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissues(9.84%, P < 0.05) and normal colorectal mucosal tissue(1.64%, P < 0.05). Western blotting also indicated that FAT10 expression was significantly higher in CRC than in tumor-adjacent tissue(P < 0.05). FAT10 expression was closely associated with clinical stage and lymphatic spread of CRC. FAT10 expression also positively correlated with p53 expression.CONCLUSION FAT10 expression is highly upregulated in CRC. FAT10 expression is closely associated with clinical stage and lymphatic spread of CRC.

Detection of HIV-1 antigen based on magnetic tunnel junction sensors

We report a p24(HIV disease biomarker)detection assay using an MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction(MTJ)sensor and 20-nm magnetic nanoparticles.The MTJ array sensor with sensing area of 890×890μ2 possessing a sensitivity of 1.39%/Oe was used to detect p24 antigens.It is demonstrated that the p24 antigens could be detected at a concentration of 0.01μg/ml.The development of bio-detection systems based on magnetic tunnel junction sensors with high-sensitivity will greatly benefit the early diagnosis of HIV.

Colorectal carcinoma-associated antigen Ca-Hb3 detected by one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

AIM: To comprehensively identify the proteins of tumor relative antigen Ca-Hb3 recognized by colorectal carcinoma monoclonal antibody Hb3. METHODS: Ca-Hb3 was isolated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by digestion with trypsin. Trypsin peptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS). The proteins identified by mass spectrometry were analyzed using bioinformatics. RESULTS: Ca-Hb3 was identified as a CKAP4-like protein by Nano HPLC tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The molecular weight of CKAP4-like protein was 62.02 kDa, including one hydrophobic region, one transmembrane domain, five coiled coils, four glycosylation sites and forty-nine phosphorylation sites. CKAP4-like protein had a high homogeneity with DeltaNp63α. The characteristic expression of DeltaNp63α that is considered a potential oncogene in the isoforms of p63 was similar to that of Ca-Hb3. CONCLUSION: Ca-Hb3 is probably a CKAP4-like protein, belonging to DeltaNp63α isoform of p63 family.

Abnormal expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and P27 protein in brain glioma

Both proliferating cell nuclear antigen and P27 protein are important factors to regulate cell cycle. While, the combination of them can provide exactly objective markers to evaluate prognosis of patients with brain glioma needs to be further studied based on pathological level. OBJECTIVE： To observe the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and P27 protein in both injured and normal brain glioma tissues and analyze the effect of them on onset and development of brain glioma. DESIGN： Case contrast observation. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 63 patients with brain glioma were selected from Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University from July 1996 to June 2000. There were 38 males and 25 females and their ages ranged from 23 to 71 years. Based on pathological classification and grading standards of brain glioma, patients were divided into grade I - II （n=30） and grade III- IV （n = 33）. All cases received one operation but no radiotherapy and chemiotherapy before operation. Sample tissues were collected from tumor parenchyma. Non-neoplastic brain tissues were collected from another 12 non-tumor subjects who received craniocerebral trauma infra-decompression and regarded as the control group. There were l0 males and 2 females and their ages ranged from 16 to 54 years. The experiment had got confirmed consent from local ethic committee and the collection was provided confirmed consent from patients and their relatives. All samples were restained with HE staining so as to diagnose as the brain glioma. While, all patients with brain glioma received radiotherapy after operation and their survival periods were followed up. METHODS： Primary lesion wax of brain glioma was cut into serial sections and stained with S-P immunohistochemical staining. Brown substance which was observed in tumor nucleus was regarded as the positive expressions of both proliferating cell nuclear antigen and P27 protein. Automatic imaging analytic system was used to quantitatively analyze staining results of tumor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： To compare the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and P27 protein in brain glioma tissues and non-tumor brain tissues and investigate the effect of various sexes, ages, survival periods and severities on the expressions of them in brain tissues. RESULTS： There was no significant difference of sexes and ages in the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and P27 protein （P 〉 0.05）; however, the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and P27 protein were milder in non-tumor brain tissues than those in the brain glioma tissues （P 〈 0.05）. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in brain tissue of grade III- IV severity was stronger than that of grade I - II severity, and the expression in ≥ 5-year survival periods were also stronger than that in 〈 5-year survival periods （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, expression of P27 protein in brain tissue of grade III- IV severity was stronger than that of grade I - II severity, and the expression in ≥ 5-year survival periods were also stronger than that in 〈 5-year survival periods （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Abnormal expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and P27 protein in human brain glioma are closely related to onset, development and prognosis of tumor.

Subcloning and expression of two conserved regions （Ⅰ，Ⅴ） onP190 antigen of Plasmodium falciparum in E．coli

Two DNA fragments, designated as P190CRI (AA1-55) and P190CRV (AA1597-1667)respectively, which encode amino acid residues of conserved region Ⅰ and Ⅴ on the P190 antigen were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA in FCCl/HN strain of Plasmodium falciparum isolated from Hainan Province, China. It was found that there were five base substitutions in the P190CR V, in comparison with the nucleotide sequences of MAD20 strain. These two fragments sequenced were inserted into pGEX-2T plasmid. E. coli JM109 (DE3) were transformed with the recombinant plasmids and the parental plasmid. The results showed that the two fragments were expressed as high-level C-terminal fusions with glutathione S-transferase (GST). The fusion proteins were easily purified from bacterial lysates by affinity chromatography using glutathione Sepharose 4B.

An experimental study on the expression of SV40 large tumor antigen in human brain tumors

Objective: To study the role of SV40 early region gene coding product large tumor antigen(Tag) expression and the interaction between Tag and tumor suppressors p53 and pRb in human brain tumorigenesis. Methods: Tag was investigated by immunoprecipitation followed by silver staining and Western blot in 65 cases of human brain tumors and 8 cases of normal brain tissues. Tag-p53 and Tag-pRb complexes were screened by immunoprecipitation and Western blot in 18 and 15 Tag positive tumor tissues respectively. Results: SV40 Tag was expressed generally in human brain tumors, its positive rate was 66. 2% (43 /65). However, Eight normal brain tissues were all negative for Tag, there was significant difference between them(P < 0. 05). Tag-p53 complex was detected in all of 18 Tag positive tumors as well as Tag-pRb complex in all of 15 Tag positive tumors. Conclnsion: SV40 Tag expression is associated with human brain tumorigenesis. The inactivation of p53 and pRh due to the formation of Tag-p53 and Tag-pRb complexes is possibly an important mechanism in the etiopathogenesis of human brain tumors.

Functional and structural characterization of Norovirus GII.6 in recognizing histo-blood group antigens

Noroviruses(NoVs)are the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide.Histo-blood group antigens(HBGAs)are receptors or attachment factors that affect the prevalence and host susceptibility of NoVs.GII.6 NoV is one of the predominant genotypes in humans,which recognizes the type ABO secretor of HBGAs.However,the structural basis of GII.6 NoV's interaction with HBGAs receptors remains elusive.In this study,we investigated the binding features of the GII.6 strain to HBGAs using saliva-and glycan-ELISA assays and characterized the molecular basis of the GII.6 virus that recognizes H disaccharide.We showed that the GII.6 P domain recognized some A and O secretor's saliva samples,most B secretor's saliva samples,and H disaccharide antigen,but did not bind non-secretors’saliva.Further,we determined the crystal structures of GII.6 and its complex with H disaccharides at 1.7Å,revealing that the P domain of GII.6 shares the conventional binding interface and mode of GII HBGAs.Single residue mutations at the GII.6-H binding sites could inhibit the binding of GII.6 to HBGAs,demonstrating that the interaction residues were crucial in maintaining NoV-glycan integrity.Finally,structural and sequence analyses showed that the major residues of the GII.6-H interaction were conserved among NoVs in the GII genogroup.Taken together,our study characterized the functional and structural features of GII.6 that allow it to interact with HBGAs,and shed light on NoV evolution,epidemiology,and anti-viral drug development.

Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen forms specific complexes with p53 and pRb in human brain tumors

目的 探讨SV4 0早期区域基因编码产物大T抗原 (Tag)的表达及其与抑癌蛋白p53、pRb的相互作用在人脑肿瘤发生、发展中的意义。方法 采用免疫共沉淀结合银染色及Western印迹法检测 6 5例人脑肿瘤及 8例正常人脑组织中Tag的表达 ,并对 18例和 15例Tag阳性瘤组织分别检测Tag p53和Tag pRb复合物的形成。结果 Tag在 8例室管膜瘤及 2例脉络丛乳头状瘤中全部表达 ,垂体腺瘤Tag阳性率为 90 % (9/ 10 ) ,星形细胞瘤为 73% (11/ 15) ,脑膜瘤为 70 % (7/ 10 ) ,多形性胶质母细胞瘤为 50 % (4 / 8) ,髓母细胞瘤为 33% (2 / 6 ) ;5例少枝胶质细胞瘤、1例松果体细胞瘤及 8例正常人脑组织无Tag表达 ;检测 18例和 15例Tag阳性瘤组织 ,均发现Tag可与p53、pRb形成特异性复合物。结论 在人脑肿瘤组织中Tag不仅可以表达 ,而且还可与p53、pRb形成特异性复合物。Tag p53及Tag pRb特异性复合物的形成导致p53和pRb失活 ,这可能是SV4 0导致人脑肿瘤发生的一个重要机理。

微小扇头蜱P0基因的克隆及其编码蛋白的生物信息学分析

为探究微小扇头蜱P0基因序列特征,预测P0蛋白的理化性质和二、三级结构,筛选出P0蛋白的B、T优势抗原表位,本研究克隆了微小扇头蜱P0基因,运用Clustal X软件分析P0基因序列特征,用在线软件EXPASY、PRABI和SWISS-MODEL预测P0蛋白的理化性质和二、三级结构,用在线软件ABCpred Prediction、Scratch、IEDB和NetCTL筛选P0蛋白的B、T优势抗原表位。试验结果显示:微小扇头蜱P0基因全长957 bp,碱基A含量为24.0%,T含量为20.3%,G含量为27.5%,C含量为28.2%,A+T含量为44.3%,G+C含量为55.7%,共编码318个氨基酸;P0蛋白分子量为34 ku,理论等电点(pI)为5.86,平均亲水系数为-0.153,不稳定指数为38.15;P0蛋白的二级结构含163个α螺旋(占比51.25%),130个无规卷曲(占比40.88%),25个延伸链(占比7.86%),其中以α螺旋为主要结构;P0蛋白的三级结构以α螺旋的含量最高,该蛋白的全局模型质量评估(global model quality estimation, GMQE)、定性模型能量分析(qualitative model energy analysis, QMEAN)值分别为0.49和0.52±0.05,无信号肽和跨膜结构域,但存在40个磷酸化位点和1个糖基化位点;P0蛋白有13个B淋巴细胞优势抗原表位和6个T淋巴细胞优势抗原表位。综上所述,微小扇头蜱P0基因序列呈GC偏好,P0蛋白是以α螺旋为主要结构成分的亲水性酸蛋白,具有B、T淋巴细胞优势抗原表位,是今后研制防控微小扇头蜱疫苗的理想靶标。

GI.5和GII.4诺如病毒P蛋白的克隆表达及与长牡蛎类HBGAs的结合特性

为明确人诺如病毒(human norovirus,HuNoV)与长牡蛎类组织血型抗原(histo-blood group antigens,HBGAs)的结合特性,本实验运用大肠杆菌表达系统,克隆表达了基因簇I.5(genogroup I.5,GI.5)和GII.4 HuNoV P蛋白,采用酶联免疫吸附测定研究HuNoV P蛋白与唾液HBGAs和长牡蛎类HBGAs的结合特性。结果表明,GII.4 HuNoV与唾液A型、B型、AB型和O型HBGAs均有较好的结合,而GI.5 HuNoV与B型HBGAs结合较弱,与O型HBGAs具有明显的结合优势。GI.5和GII.4 HuNoV在长牡蛎鳃、消化腺和外套膜中均可富集,其中在消化腺中富集最多,二者主要与类A型和H1型HBGAs结合,GII.4HuNoV与类Lea型、Leb型、Lex型和Ley型HBGAs有不同程度的结合,而GI.5 HuNoV与类Leb型HBGAs仅微弱结合,与类H1型HBGAs具有明显结合优势。综上,不同型别HuNoV与HBGAs的结合特性不尽相同,GII.4HuNoV具有广谱结合特性,GI.5HuNoV具有选择结合特性。

The Influence of the Total Flavonoids of Hedysarum Polybotry on the Proliferation,Cell Cycle,and Expressions of p21^(Ras) and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Gene in Erythroleukemia Cell Line K562

Objective： To investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry on the proliferation, cell cycle, and expressions of p21Ras and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） gene in erythroleukemia cell line K562. Methods： The effect of total flavonoids of Hedysarum po/ybotry on K562 cell line survival was determined by the 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium （MTT） reduction assay. The time- and dose- dependent manner was also observed. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed with flow cytometry （FCM）. The immunocytochemistry method was applied to quantitatively analyze the effects of flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry on changes p21Ras and PCNA gene expressions. Results： Flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry （20-100 g/mL） significantly inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After K562 cells were cultured for 48 h, total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry had no significant effect on the apoptosis of K562 cells but showed significantly inhibition （P〈0.01）, indicating that total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry could induce K562 cells arrested at Go/G1 and G2/M phases. Compared with the control group, p21Ras and PCNA gene expressions were decreased significantly in K562 cells treated with total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry （40 and 80 μg/mL, respectively） for 48 h. Conclusion： The inhibitory effect on proliferation of K562 cells was observed in the groups treated with flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry, which might be related to cells arresting.

p38α has an important role in antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells

The role of the p38 signaling pathway in the innate and adaptive immune responses has been well documented,especially in inflammatory cytokine production by dendritic cells(DCs).However,whether the p38 signaling pathway affects the important antigen(Ag)presentation function of DCs remains largely unknown.In this study,we reported that the deletion of p38αresulted in an impaired cross-presentation ability of CD8^(+) conventional DCs(cDCs)and a reduction in the direct presentation ability of CD8−cDCs ex vivo.Further study revealed that p38αhad a crucial role in Ag processing by CD8^(+) cDCs but did not affect the Ag uptake or co-stimulation of T cells.Moreover,p38αdeficiency led to reduced cross-priming of T cells in vivo.The production of the IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 cytokines by p38α-deficient cDCs was also significantly reduced.Our study identified a new role for p38αin modulating the important antigen cross-presentation function of DCs.

Comprehensive Diagnostic Value of P53, p21WAF1 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen for Lung Cancer

The expression of P53, p21WAF1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） was detected in 114 samples of lung cancer patients （with 89 cases benign lung tissue as control） and the diagnostic value of these markers was evaluated. The results show the following： （1） The positive expression rates of P53, p21WAF1 and PCNA in samples of lung cancer were 47.37%, 75.44% and 80.70%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the samples of benign lung diseases （ p 〈 0. 001 ）. The odds ratios were 39.15, 5.75, and 6.76, respectively. This indicates that the expression of P53, p21WAF1 and PCNA was helpful for the diagnosis of lung cancer. （2） For the diagnosis of lung cancer, the positive likelihood ratio of P53 was 21.08, which were significantly higher than that of p21WAF 1 （2.16）, PCNA （2.11） and of all the combined tests. This shows that P53 expression was the most valuable for diagnosis of lung cancer. （3） For the diagnosis of lung cancer, the negative likelihood ratio of P53/p21WAF 1/PCNA parallel test was 0.057 1, which was lower than that of other single and combined tests. This indicates that P53/p21WAF 1/PCNA parallel test has high diagnostic value for exclusion of lung cancer.

The development and functions of CD41 T cells expressing a transgenic TCR specific for an MHC-I-restricted tumor antigenic epitope

It has been reported that the ratio of CD41 to CD81 T cells has no bias in a few class I major histocompatibility complex(MHC-I)-restricted T-cell receptor(TCR)-transgenic mice specific for alloantigens or autoantigens,in which most CD41 T cells express an MHC-I-restricted TCR.In this study,we further showed that more than 50%of CD41 T cells in MHC-I-restricted P1A tumor antigen-specific TCR(P1ATCR)-transgenic mice could specifically bind to MHC-I/P1A peptide complex.P1A peptide could stimulate the transgenic CD41 T cells to proliferate and secrete both type 1 helper T cell and type 2 helper T cell cytokines.The activated CD41 T cells also showed cytotoxicity against P1A-expressing tumor cells.The analysis of TCR a-chains showed that these CD41 T cells were selected by co-expressing endogenous TCRs.Our results show that CD41 T cells from P1ATCR transgenic mice co-expressed an MHC-I-restricted transgenic TCR and another rearranged endogenous TCRs,both of which were functional.