Corrosion Behaviors of P110 Steel and Chromium Coating in CO_2-saturated Simulated Oilfield Brine

The protective chromium coating was prepared on P110 steel by employing pack cementation.The corrosion behaviors of P110 steel and the obtained coating in CO2-saturated simulated oilfield brine were studied by static complete immersion tests and electrochemical measurements.The corrosion attacks of the samples were determined by mass loss,corroded surface morphologies,corrosion products,and results of electrochemical measurements.The experimental results showed that the coating was uniform,continuous and compact.The chromium coating was slightly corroded,and the mass loss and corrosion rate of the coating were far lower than those of P110 steel.Chromium coating has higher self-corroding potential and lower corrosion current density than P110 steel in accordance with the electrochemical tests results.Taken as a whole,chromizing treatment has significantly improved the corrosion resistance of P110 steel.

Microstructures and wear resistance of chromium coatings on P110 steel fabricated by pack cementation

In order to obtain a high-performance surface on P110 steel that can meet the requirements in oil/gas field environment, the chromium coatings were fabricated by pack cementation. The chromium coatings differed in with/without the addition of La2O3. Scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （EDS）, X-ray diffractometer （XRD） and microhardness tester were employed to investigate the surface morphologies, surface element distributions, microstructures, phase constitutions and microhardness of the coatings. Friction-wear tests of the P110 steel substrate and the coatings were conducted in air at ambient temperature and humidity. The results show that ＇uniform and continuous coatings are formed on P110 steel regardless of adding La2O3 or not. The chromium coatings consist of Cr23C6, Cr7C3, and （Cr, Fe）7C3. The La2O3-added chromium coating is more beneficial in terms of surface morphology, microstructure, thickness and microharduess as compared with the coating without adding La2O3. Chromizing treatment significantly improves the surface hardness and wear resistance of the P110 steel. The wear resistance of the tested samples can be sorted in the following sequence： La2O3-coating 〉 no RE-coating 〉bare P110 steel.

Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Plating Ni-P Coating on P110 Steel

In order to improve the surface performance and increase the lifetime of P 110 oil casing tube steel during operation, electroless plating was conducted to form Ni-P coating onto its surface. The surface morphology/element distribution and phase constitution of the Ni-P coating were analyzed using scanning electron microscope （SEM） equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Tribological and electrochemical measurement tests were applied to investigate the wear and corrosion resistance of P110 steel and the Ni-P coating. The results showed that a uniform and compact, high phosphorous Ni-P coating was formed. The obtained Ni-P coating indicated certain friction-reduction effect and lower mass loss during friction-wear tests. The Ni-P coating also exhibited higher corrosion resistance in comparison with bared P 110 steel. The obtained N i-P coating has significantly improved the surface performance of P110 steel.

Application of Artificial Neural Network in Predicting the Thickness of Chromizing Coatings on P110 Steel

A series of rare earth （RE） dispersed chromizing coatings were produced on P 110 steel by pack cementation. The orthogonal array design （OAD）was applied to set the experiments. An artificial neural network （ANN） approach is employed to predict the thickness values of the obtained chromizing coatings based on the OAD tests results. The results revealed that the built model was reliable, the thickness values of chromizing coatings were well predicted at selected process parameters, and the predicted error lied in rational range.

P110S钢级油管管体断裂原因

某油井P110S钢级油管接箍下方8 m位置处发生断裂,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、扫描电镜和能谱分析、X射线衍射分析等方法对油管断裂原因进行分析。结果表明:该批油管力学性能不稳定,油管断口上的腐蚀产物主要为FeS;油管的强度较高、使用温度较低且质量较大,导致油管内部形成硫化物应力腐蚀开裂。

CO_(2)在模拟油田采出井环境中对P110钢腐蚀行为的影响

模拟油田CO_(2)采出井腐蚀环境,对油井套管钢P110钢进行了高温高压腐蚀实验,采用失重法测定了腐蚀速率,采用SEM、EDS和XRD观察分析了腐蚀产物的表面形貌及化学组成。结果表明:气相环境中,P110钢的腐蚀速率随温度和CO_(2)分压的升高而增大;液相环境中,P110钢的腐蚀速率在80℃时最大,可达3.7182 mm·a^(-1),温度高于90℃,腐蚀速率随温度升高而降低。CO_(2)分压小于1 MPa,P110钢的腐蚀速率随分压升高迅速增大,CO_(2)分压大于1 MPa腐蚀速率则缓慢增大。腐蚀产物的主要成分是FeCO_(3)及少量的铁锈,在高温时腐蚀产物膜对金属具有一定的保护作用。

P110油管应力腐蚀开裂失效的原因

顺北油气田某110级油管发生开裂,通过分析开裂油管的服役环境、裂纹形貌、化学成分和力学性能等,并与同工况下未开裂油管进行对比,分析了此油管的开裂原因。结果表明:裂纹由外表面向内表面扩展,呈现树枝状分叉和不连续特征,是典型的硫化氢应力腐蚀开裂形貌;开裂油管对于抗硫化氢应力腐蚀开裂比较敏感,与未开裂油管相比,开裂油管组织为回火屈氏体,晶界比例高,位错密度大,材料硬度和强度较高易引起应力腐蚀开裂。油管在调质处理时,应尽量提高回火温度,降低材料的硬度和强度,以提高材料抗应力腐蚀开裂的能力。

超硬磨料套料钻水下钻削P110钢的磨损实验

P110钢具有良好的综合力学性能,广泛用作油气井的套管,使用硬质合金工具对其进行水下钻削时工具磨损严重。实验研究3种不同超硬磨粒及结合剂的套料钻水下钻削P110钢的磨耗比,跟踪观察套料钻表面的磨粒形貌变化,并分析金刚石磨粒表面的石墨化情况。结果表明:在相同加工条件下,3种不同套料钻的端面磨耗大致相同,但使用金刚石磨粒的套料钻侧面磨损明显小于使用立方氮化硼(cBN)磨粒套料钻的;在水下加工条件下,端面金刚石磨粒会产生石墨化,但其仍保持一定的切削能力;结合剂硬度影响磨粒出露,从而导致套料钻在不同工作状态下的性能产生差异。

P110钢冲刷腐蚀预测模型的构建及其机理研究

目的探究高温高压环境下P110钢在不同冲刷速度和角度下的腐蚀行为规律,揭示其冲刷腐蚀机理,建立腐蚀预测模型,以期指导油气田材料腐蚀防护与腐蚀预测。方法采用电化学工作站和高温高压反应釜,开展高温高压冲刷腐蚀实验。采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等对冲刷腐蚀前后材料的微观组织结构、化学成分及物相进行表征。此外,通过调研文献数据,基于随机森林(Random Forest,RF)算法构建了P110钢的冲刷腐蚀预测模型,并开展了预测准确性研究。结果在3m/s的冲刷速度下,随着冲刷角度的增加,自腐蚀电流密度由30°的2.19×10^(-4)A/cm^(2)降低到90°的1.449×10^(-4)A/cm^(2)。在30°的冲刷角下,随着冲刷速度的增加,自腐蚀电流密度由0m/s的6.30×10^(-5)A/cm^(2)增加到3 m/s的2.19×10^(-4)A/cm^(2)。腐蚀产物具有双层膜结构,外层主要由FeCO_(3)组成,内层主要为Fe_(2)O_(3)。腐蚀预测模型分析结果表明:温度对P110钢的腐蚀速率影响程度最大,其次是CO_(2)和冲刷速度。结论在高温高压环境下,P110钢能够产生Fe_(2)O_(3)和FeCO_(3)的双层腐蚀产物膜,随着冲刷速度的增加和角度的降低,腐蚀产物膜完整性破坏,腐蚀加剧。腐蚀预测模型具有良好的性能,能够有效预测腐蚀速率。

Influence of adding various rare earths on microstructures and corrosion resistance of chromizing coatings prepared via pack cementation on P110 steel

In order to improve the corrosion resistance and increase the service lifetime of P110 steel during operation,four chromizing coatings were formed onto its surface with/without addition of rare earths via pack cementation process.The surface morphologies and microstructures of the chromizing coatings were observed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the phase constitutions were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Electrochemical corrosion behavior of the chromizing coatings in simulated oilfield ...

Influence of process parameters on thickness and wear resistance of rare earth modified chromium coatings on P110 steel synthesized by pack cementation

The pack cementation was employed to produce rare earth modified chromium coatings on P110 steel aiming at improving its performance and increasing the usage lifetime during operation. The orthogonal array design （OAD） was applied to set experiments. Contents of NH4Cl, types of RE, contents of RE, test temperature and soaking time were the main factors, and each factor was endowed with four levels. While the range analysis and analysis of variance were used to investigate the results of OAD tests on thickness and wear resistance. The results indicated that for a promising coating with higher thickness value and excellent anti-wear property, the test temperature was the most significant process factor. The potential promising conditions for chromizing treatment were： adding 1% NH4Cl and 1% LaCl3, maintaining the test temperature at 1000 oC for 8 h. The results of verification showed that the coating formed under the optimal process parameter had a valid thickness of 28 μm and a reduction of 0.32 mg in wear resistance test.

Formation Characteristic of CO_2 Corrosion Product Layer of P110 Steel Investigated by SEM and Electrochemical Techniques

Formation characteristic of CO2 corrosion product layer on the surface of P110 steel was investigated in simulated oilfield environment using massqoss experiment, potentiodynamic polarization curve, impedance spectroscopy, and SEM micrograph analysis. Samples of different times up to 240 h were tested during exposure. Corrosion product was primarily composed of Fe（Ca, Mg）（CO3 ）2, which was distinguished by two layers. With an increase in the exposure time, the charge transfer resistance and polarization resistance increased progressively, the uniform cor- rosion rate decreased, and the corrosion reaction was controlled by the diffusion process instead of the activation process. All phenomena were attributed to the formation of the protective corrosion product layer. More compact and lower porosity of the layer made it more difficult to transfer and diffuse through the corrosion product layer for the charges and ions. Similar results were obtained bv electrochemical test and mass-loss experiment.

Slurry erosion behaviors of P110 steel and chromizing coating in liquid-solid two-phase flow

A chromizing coating was formed on P110 oil casing tube steel (P110 steel) via pack cementation to improve its performance and increase the lifetime during operation. The slurry erosion behaviors of the P110 steel substrate and the chromizing coating were assessed in a liquid-solid two-phase flow condition. The results showed that the obtained coating exhibited higher surface hardness, lower mass loss, and lower slurry erosion rate than those of P110 steel. The chromizing treatment has significantly improved the surface hardness and slurry erosion resistance of P110 steel.

某水平井用P110钢级套管接箍的开裂失效分析

对某水平井用P110钢级套管接箍在酸化压裂过程中发生的横向开裂失效进行了系统分析,通过宏观几何尺寸测量、化学成分分析、力学性能测试、组织分析、扫描电镜观察和能谱分析等方法分析了裂纹产生的原因。结果表明,接箍台肩根部的应力集中和超尺寸夹杂物引起的缺口效应叠加作用引发裂纹及并使其扩展,最终导致失效。断面有韧窝,但韧窝非常浅;裂纹周围并无明显塑性变形征兆,是非常危险的断裂形式。

塔河油田P110套管CO_(2)油水环境中的腐蚀影响因素分析

本文针对油田现场中应用的P110材质套管,取现场实际采出水和原油样配置实验介质,进行了含CO_(2)油水条件下的腐蚀行为实验研究,分析了原油含水率、CO_(2)分压、温度以及流速等因素对P110套管的腐蚀速率的影响程度。结果表明,不同因素对于P110钢腐蚀行为的影响程度不同。在本文的实验参数范围内,温度对腐蚀速率的影响最大。随着实验温度的增加,腐蚀速率呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。当温度为60℃、CO_(2)分压为1.0MPa、流速为0.5m/s、含水率为95%时,腐蚀速率最大。实验中所用的P110钢材腐蚀以均匀腐蚀为主,表面未见明显的点蚀坑等局部腐蚀特征。

阳离子对P110钢高温高压CO_2腐蚀反应过程的影响

运用腐蚀失重、腐蚀表面成分分析和电化学测量技术 ,研究了在高温高压条件下阳离子对P110油管钢CO2腐蚀行为的影响 .结果表明 :随着试验时间的延长 ,阳离子的存在使得电极反应速率降低较慢 ,它不仅通过在金属表面成膜影响腐蚀反应的阳极过程 ,而且同时改变了腐蚀反应的阴极过程 ;在反应初始阶段EIS具有 2个时间常数 ,电极反应由活化控制 ,随着腐蚀的进行 ,腐蚀产物膜越来越厚 ,越来越致密 ,EIS的低频端出现Warburg阻抗与容抗的叠加 ,自腐蚀电位下的电极反应属于混合控制 ;溶液中是否含有Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 离子 ,在P110钢腐蚀成膜过程中EIS存在一定的差别 。

油田套管P110钢腐蚀的影响因素

油田油套管腐蚀大,影响因素较多,为了提高管道的使用寿命,给油气田的防腐蚀提供理论依据,采用动、静态高温高压釜对油井套管P110钢进行了失重法腐蚀试验,利用SEM,EDS和XRD技术对P110钢的动、静态CO2腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果显示,CO2腐蚀产物膜的主要成分是FeCO3和Fe3C;在每种条件下,温度、CO2分压、Cl-浓度对P110钢的腐蚀速率都有其临界值。

P110钢抗冲刷腐蚀行为研究

采用高温高压釜,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能散X射线谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术,并辅以失重法对油套管钢P110在不同条件下的CO2腐蚀速率和行为进行了研究,探讨了在流动介质中多种因素对油套管钢腐蚀造成的影响,并以此提出了P110钢抗冲刷腐蚀的机理。

模拟油田CO2／H2S环境中P110钢的动态腐蚀行为

利用高温高压釜模拟油田CO2/H2S腐蚀环境,采用失重法、SEM、EDS和XRD试验或测试技术,研究了P110钢的动态腐蚀行为。结果表明:P110钢的腐蚀速率随着温度的升高和H2S分压的增大都呈先增大后减小的趋势,且分别在90℃与0.06MPa时取得最大值;随着CO2分压的增大呈逐渐增大趋势;腐蚀膜形貌呈现不平整或不均匀的形态,主要成分是FeS1-x、FeCO3和Fe3C的混合物。

温度对P110钢CO_2腐蚀行为的影响

在模拟油田实际腐蚀环境中研究了温度对P110钢CO2 腐蚀行为的影响.用SEM、XRD等分析了在不同温度条件下材料表面腐蚀产物膜的形貌以及对腐蚀速率和腐蚀形态的影响.结果表明,4 0℃时表层腐蚀产物类似于疏松的土壤,少且很松散地附着在材料表面,成份主要是溶液中沉积的KCl.90℃时腐蚀产物主要是钙铁镁的碳酸盐和少量的KCl和Fe2 O3 ,腐蚀产物呈颗粒状,较致密但是膜层中含有大量的孔洞.14 0℃时,试样表层腐蚀产物呈致密的粘土形貌、下层腐蚀产物仍是颗粒状,产物层致密,成份主要是FeCO3 和KCl.不同温度下不同的腐蚀产物形貌造成随温度升高。