Distribution, evolution and structural properties of Wushenqi paleo-uplift in Ordos Basin, NW China

This paper depicts the distribution of the Wushenqi paleo-uplift in the Ordos Basin by using the latest drilling and seismic data, and analyzes the tectonic evolution of the paleo-uplift with the support of Bischke curve and balanced section. The compressional Wushenqi paleo-uplift which developed in the Early Caledonian orogeny(Huaiyuan orogeny) is approximately a ellipse extending in S-N direction. Its long axis is about 194 km and short axis is about 55-94 km in nearly W-E direction. The denudation thickness and area of the Cambrian in the core are 170-196 m and 11 298 km^(2), respectively. It was mainly formed during the Huaiyuan orogeny according to the chronostratigraphic framework. It was in the embryonic stage in the Middle-Late Cambrian, denuded after developed obviously at the end of Late Cambrian. The paleo-uplift of the 3rd member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation was reactivated and reduced in area. In the sedimentary period of the Ma 4 Member-pre-Carboniferous, the paleo-uplift experienced non-uniform uplift and denudation. It entered the stable period of burial and preservation in the Carboniferous and later period. The Wushenqi paleo-uplift was formed on the weak area of the basement and tectonic belts, into an compressional structure with irregular morphology, under the control of the non-coaxial compression in the south and north and the stress transmitted by the uplift in the basin. The Wushenqi paleo-uplift has a controlling effect on the sedimentary reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation.

Migration of paleo-uplift in southwestern Tarim Basin and its implications for orogenesis and reservoir development, NW China

Based on well horizon calibration,the typical seismic profiles in southwestern Tarim Basin were interpreted systematically,regional geological sections were established,and the regional denudation thickness of each tectonic period was restored.On this basis,the plane morphology maps of ancient structures of the Cambrian pre-salt dolomites in different periods were compiled,and the spatial distribution,development,evolution and migration of paleo-uplift in the late Early Paleozoic were analyzed.In the late Early Paleozoic,there existed a unified regional paleo-uplift widely distributed in southwestern Tarim Basin,which is called the southwestern Tarim plaeo-uplift.The“Tarim SW paleo-uplift”and“Hetian paleo-uplift”proposed in previous literatures are not independent,but the result of the spatio-temporal migration and evolution of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift identified in this paper.The southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift emerged at the end of Middle Ordovician,and took its initial shape with increased amplitude in the Late Ordovician.During the Silurian,the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift rose steadily and expanded rapidly to the east,incorporating Pishan-Hetian and other areas,with the structural high locating in the Pishan-Hetian area.During the Devonian,the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift began to shrink gradually,to a limited range in the Pishan-Hetian area in the southern part of the basin.During the Carboniferous,the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift became an underwater uplift,that is,the paleo-uplift gradually died out.The southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift belongs to the forebulge of the southwestern Tarim foreland basin in the late Early Paleozoic,and its formation and evolution are related to the early Paleozoic orogeny of the West Kunlun orogenic belt in the south of the Tarim Basin.The migration of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift from the northwestern part of the southwestern Tarim Basin to the Pishan-Hetian area indicates the early Paleozoic orogenic process of the West Kunlun orogenic belt,which started in the western section at the end of Middle Ordovician and extended from west to east in a“scissor”style.The migration and evolution of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift controlled the development of unconformities at the end of Middle Ordovician,the end of Late Ordovician,and the end of Middle Devonian,and the spatial distribution of dissolved fracture-cave reservoirs in weathered crust below the unconformities in the southwest of Tarim Basin.The migration of the structural high of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift also played an important role in controlling the development of dissolved fracture-cave reservoirs in weathered crust.

Structural Characteristics and their Significance for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Northern Slope of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift

Based on 2D and 3D seismic data,the latest drilling data and field outcrop data of the northern slope of the Central Sichuan paleo-uplift,the structural analysis method is used to analyze unconformity development characteristics and fault characteristics during the key structural transformation period,discussing the influence of the structural characteristics on the hydrocarbon accumulation of deep carbonate rocks.The results show that:(1)The two key unconformities of the Tongwan and Caledonian periods were primarily developed in deep carbonate rocks.Firstly,Tongwan’s unconformities are characterized by regional disconformities between the second and third members of the Dengying Formation,the top formation of the Sinian and the lower Cambrian,strips of which zigzag through the north and south sides of the study area.Secondly,the Caledonian unconformity is characterized by a regional unconformable contact between the lower Permian and the ower Paleozoic strata.From NE to SW,the age of the strata,which were subject to erosion,changes from new to old,the denudation distribution showing as a nose-shaped structure which inclines towards the ENE.(2)Boundary fault and transtensional strike-slip faults developed in the Sinian to Paleozoic strata.In profile,there are three types of structural styles:steep and erect,flower structures,’Y’and reversed’Y’type faults.In plane view,the Sinian developed extensional boundary faults extending in an almost NS direction,strike-slip faults developing and extending linearly in approximately EW,WNW and NE strikes in the Cambrian,with characteristically more in the south and less in the north.(3)The faults in the northern slope show obvious zonal deformations in transverse view as well as significant stages and stratified activity in a longitudinal direction.Among them,the activity of faults in the Sinian was the strongest,followed by the activity in the Cambrian period,the activity intensity of faults in the Permian period being the weakest.This fault activity can be divided into four periods:Sinian,Cambrian-Permian,the early Indosinian period and the late Indosinian-Himalayan period,the transtensional strikeslip faults being the products of oblique extensions of pre-existing weak zones in the Xingkai and Emei taphrogenesis,with a particular inheritance in the main faults.(4)Combined with hydrocarbon accumulation factors,it is considered that the epigenetic karstification of the Tongwan and Caledonian unconformities in the northern slope controlled the formation and distribution of carbonate karst reservoirs over a large area,also acting as a good pathway for oil and gas migration.The extensional faults developed at the margin of the NS trending rift,controlling the sag-platform sedimentary pattern in the Dengying Formation of the Sinian.Strike-slip faults in NE,WNW and ENE directions may control the microgeomorphological pattern inside the platform and intensify the differential distribution of grain beach facies.The multi-stage hereditary activity of strike-slip faults not only improved the porosity and permeability of the reservoirs,but also acted as the main channel of oil and gas migration,providing favorable conditions for the development of the current multi-layer gasbearing scenario in the northern slope of the Central Sichuan Basin.

Structural patterns of fault damage zones in carbonate rocks and their influences on petroleum accumulation in Tazhong Paleo-uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China

Based on the outcrop survey,3D seismic data interpretation,drilling data analysis,the structural patterns and distribution of fault damage zones in carbonate strata of Tazhong Paleo-uplift were established to reveal the oil and gas enrichment law in the fault damage zones.The following findings were reached:(1)Through the filed survey,the fault damage zone system consists of fault core,damage zone with branch fault and fracture network.Affected by the active nature of the major faults,the fault damage zones differ in planar pattern and scale along the major faults.(2)3D seismic profiles reveal that there are three types of fault damage zones in carbonate strata in Tazhong paleo-uplift,strike-slip fault damage zones,thrust fault damage zones and superimposed fault damage zones.Featuring3 flowers and 3 root belts in vertical,the strike-slip fault damage zone can be subdivided into linear type,oblique type,feather type and horsetail type in plane.Thrust fault damage zones can be further divided into fault anticline type,anticline type and slope type.As the superimposition result of the above two kinds of fault damage zones,superimposed fault damage zones appear in three patterns,intersect type,encompassment type and penetrating type.(3)Cores from wells and geochemical data show oil and gas may migrate along the major fault and laterally.The feather type in strike-slip fault system,fault anticline type in thrust fault damage zone and intersect type in superimposed fault damage zone are possible sites for high production and efficiency wells.

Natural gas geology and exploration direction of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu Member in central Sichuan paleo-uplift,Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on drilling data of JT1 and CS1,outcrop profiles and seismic data,the sedimentary pattern,space configuration of source-reservoir-cap combinations and paleouplift evolution characteristics of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu Member in the central Sichuan paleouplift have been investigated to determine the favorable exploration zones.Controlled by Deyang-Anyue rift,the Lower Canglangpu Member features differential characteristics from east to west in sedimentary framework.In the west side of the Deyang-Anyue rift,this member is composed of clastic sediments,while in the east side of the Deyang-Anyue rift,it is fresh water shelf sediments,with grain beaches occurring along edges of the depressions,shelf and lagoon.Among the beaches,the dolomitic ones are mainly distributed around the depression edge and in the north of the lagoon.The beach sediments could become high quality reservoirs under the effect of karstification.Underlying the Lower Canglangpu Member is the widespread source rock of the Qiongzhusi Formation,so oil and gas generated by the Qiongzhusi Formation source rock can directly charge into the beach reservoirs.The sandy mudstone of the Upper Canglangpu Member can serve as the caprock of the Lower Canglangpu Member reservoir.The dolomitic beaches are located at the higher part of the paleo-uplift during the main accumulation period,with good hydrocarbon accumulation elements.Blocks PT1-CS1,HT1-GT2 and east GT2 are favorable exploration zones.

Paleo-uplift forced regional sedimentary evolution:A case study of the Late Triassic in the southeastern Sichuan Basin,South China

The sedimentary environment of the Upper Triassic in the southeastern Sichuan Basin is obviously controlled by Luzhou paleo-uplift(LPU).However,the influence of paleo-uplift on the sedimentary patterns of the initial stages of this period in the southeastern Sichuan Basin has not yet been clear,which has plagued oil and gas exploration and development.This study shows that there is a marine sedimentary sequence,which is considered to be the first member of Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)X^(1))in the southeastern Sichuan Basin.The development of LPU resulted in the sedimentary differences between the eastern and western Sichuan Basin recording T_(3)X^(1)and controlled the regional sedimentary pattern.The western part is dominated by marine sediments,but the eastern paleo-uplift area is dominated by continental sedimentation in the early stage of T_(3)X^(1),and it begins to transform into a marine sedimentary environment consistent with the whole basin in the late stage of the period recorded by the Xujiahe Formation.The evidences are as follows:(1)time series:based on the cyclostratigraphy analysis of Xindianzi section and Well D2,in the southeastern Sichuan Basin,the period of sedimentation of the Xujiahe Formation is about 5.9 Ma,which is basically consistent with the Qilixia section,eastern Sichuan basin,where the Xujiahe Formation is widely considered to be relatively complete;(2)distribution and evolution of palaeobiology:based on analysis of abundance evolution of major spore-pollen,many land plant fossils are preserved in the lower part of T_(3)X^(1),indicates the sedimentary environment of continental facies.In the upper part of T_(3)X^(1),the fossil of terrestrial plants decreased,while the fossil of marine and tidal environment appeared,this means that it was affected by the sea water in the late stages of T_(3)X^(1);(3)geochemistry:calculate the salinity of water from element indicates that the uplift area is continental sedimentary environment in the early stage of T_(3)X^(1),while the central and western areas of the basin are marine sedimentary environment.Until the late stage of T_(3)X^(1),the southeast of the basin gradually turns into marine sedimentary environment,consisting with the whole basin;(4)types of kerogen:type III kerogen representing continental facies was developed in the early stage of T_(3)X^(1)in the uplift area,and type II kerogen,representing marine facies,was developed in the late stage;while type II kerogenwas developed in the central and western regions of the basin as a whole in T_(3)X^(1).This study is of great significance for understanding of both stratigraphic division and sedimentary evolution providing theoretical support for the exploration and development of oil and gas.

吕梁古隆起对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组沉积的控制作用:基于陕西府谷剖面

中奥陶世马家沟组沉积时期,鄂尔多斯局限海周缘分布着一系列古隆起,其中吕梁古隆起对马家沟组沉积的控制作用研究相对薄弱,制约了对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部马家沟组沉积环境的认识。通过对陕西府谷剖面实测和采样,结合鄂尔多斯盆地北部的钻井、取心资料,分析了马家沟组的厚度、岩相类型及沉积微相变化,总结出吕梁古隆起对马家沟组沉积的控制作用。控制作用主要表现为:(1)吕梁古隆起的间歇性活动阻隔了鄂尔多斯局限海与华北广海的海水循环;(2)高海平面期,吕梁古隆起位于水下,对海水的阻隔作用弱,且古隆起区为开阔海灰坪,古隆起以西地层厚度变化较小,形成灰坪和云坪的沉积分异;(3)低海平面期,吕梁古隆起间歇性暴露,海水循环被明显阻隔,且古隆起区为潮间—潮上带的泥云坪,向东地层厚度减小,过渡为灰坪,而向西地层厚度迅速增加,形成泥云坪、膏云坪、膏盐湖的沉积分异。该研究成果为鄂尔多斯盆地北部马家沟组的沉积学研究提供了相关的岩石学和古环境方面的证据。

塔里木盆地东北缘吐格尔明背斜和阳北断裂带构造分析

吐格尔明背斜和阳北断裂位于塔里木盆地北缘,南天山山前库车褶皱冲断带的东段,两者均为基底卷入型构造。阳北断裂是一个反转构造,其变形历史可以追溯到侏罗纪—白垩纪的正断层;新生代构造反转,发生了多期冲断变形加速期,分别发生于白垩纪末—古近纪初、古近纪末—新近纪初、中新世早期、上新世和第四纪。吐格尔明背斜构造带是阳北断裂中新世早期及以后的冲断作用派生出来的一个次级基底卷入型构造变形带。它由吐格尔明背斜及其南、北两条呈背冲关系的逆冲断层组成。背斜核部元古宇变质岩出露地表;中、新生界直接不整合于变质岩之上,缺失全部古生界,说明研究区可能属于一个长期存在的古生代古隆起。

叠合盆地古老地层热史恢复及应用——以四川盆地川中古隆起震旦系-寒武系为例

由于古温标样品稀缺、热史复杂、方法单一且难以进行有效表征等原因,叠合盆地古老地层热史恢复一直是沉积盆地热史研究的难点问题之一。为此,以四川盆地川中古隆起震旦系灯影组与寒武系沧浪铺组为例,探索了可指示叠合盆地古老地层热史的有效古温标组合与方法体系,将传统古温标与具有不同封闭温度的低温热年代学古温标相结合,恢复了川中古隆起震旦系—寒武系重点层系热史,分析了在不同构造阶段的地层热演化特征、主要构造—热事件的热效应以及古地温对油气成藏关键过程的控制作用,并探讨了不同古温标在叠合盆地古老地层热史恢复中的适用性与应用意义。研究结果表明:①川中古隆起高石梯—磨溪地区灯影组与沧浪铺组主要经历了2期升温和2期冷却过程,在2期升温过程中,川中古隆起高磨地区灯影组达到的最高古地温接近240℃,沧浪铺组约200℃,在该区域峨眉山地幔柱事件未产生决定性影响;②古地温控制下,德阳—安岳裂陷区下寒武统烃源岩的热演化进程、高磨地区灯影组储集层的埋藏溶蚀高峰及油气充注成藏过程三者可相关联,而裂陷东翼下寒武统烃源岩热演化与之相比呈现出“滞后性”;③前陆盆地演化期的深埋藏升温是有机质向高—过成熟转化、原油裂解成气的主要阶段,燕山晚期—喜马拉雅期的构造抬升可能为后2期的天然气充注提供了驱动力。结论认为,不同类型古温标可对叠合盆地古老地层所经历的不同阶段的热演化过程与构造—热事件起到指示作用,对叠合盆地古老地层热史进行恢复,可采用多古温标—多地层联合的方法,并基于古温标数据分析,结合地层埋藏史与盆地古热流数值模拟等结果,可对关键时期的热史路径进行多手段约束。

中央古隆起对富县地区马五段储层发育的控制

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系风化壳气藏自1989年陕参1井发现以后,马家沟组五段风化壳气藏勘探取得了丰硕成果。中央古隆起对富县地区马家沟组沉积和储层的影响,未进行详细的研究,制约了该地区下古生界的油气勘探。通过对富县地区奥陶系马家沟组地层特征、沉积微相、岩溶发育规律的研究,明确了中央古隆起对研究区地层沉积的控制作用以及对岩相、沉积微相展布的影响。研究表明:中央古隆起对富县地区奥陶系马家沟组地层沉积具有继承性,整体厚度表现为北厚南薄、东厚西薄。通过沉积微相特征的研究,古隆起的边缘地区水动力较强,发育呈席状的台内滩、潮缘滩。奥陶系风化壳与中央古隆起的形态、结构、演化与保存密切相关,中央古隆起的形成与演化制约了奥陶系岩溶体系的发育与保存。

四川盆地奥陶纪沉积体系演化与古地理格局重建

我国塔里木、鄂尔多斯盆地的奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩中发现了多个大型油气田,但四川盆地奥陶系油气发现方面至今未取得实质性突破。此前的勘探着重于岩溶储层和裂缝型储层,只有少量井获得天然气流发现,四川盆地奥陶系是否发育更具规模勘探潜力的滩相储层是当前亟需回答的问题。由于奥陶系岩性变化快,关于其沉积体系,仍存在争议,这一定程度上限制了对潜在储集相带的认识。本文根据测井、地震及露头剖面资料,分析了四川盆地奥陶系沉积相特征,重建了各沉积期的岩相古地理格局。结果表明:桐梓组—红花园组沉积期,四川盆地所在的扬子板块受泛非运动影响,上扬子构造较为稳定,发育以碳酸盐岩台地为主的沉积相,沉积模式为陆表海浅水台地,滩相白云岩围绕乐山-龙女寺古隆起的周缘分布;湄潭组沉积期,由于全球海平面上升,构造环境转变为加里东运动主控的强挤压背景,隆-坳格局加剧,沉积环境主要为混积陆棚;十字铺—宝塔—临湘组沉积期,重新发育以灰岩为主的碳酸盐岩,为陆表海碳酸盐岩缓坡环境;五峰组沉积期,加里东运动导致在川东南形成局限的深水海湾环境,沉积了一套富有机质页岩。总体上,四川盆地奥陶纪沉积演化经历了由陆表海浅水台地到混积陆棚、再演变为陆表海缓坡、最后演变为滞留深水陆棚的过程。

黔东南地区牛蹄塘组页岩孔隙结构多尺度表征及其对页岩气富集的影响

[研究目的]研究黔东南地区牛蹄塘组页岩孔隙结构特征及其对页岩气富集的影响,抛开不利因素,为黔东南地区页岩气勘探提供建议。[研究方法]通过聚焦离子束扫描电镜(FIB-SEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和氮气吸附等手段,对页岩微纳米孔隙结构进行多尺度表征,并结合研究区牛蹄塘组页岩的生烃及埋藏史,研究构造运动与孔隙结构关系,进而分析对页岩气富集的影响。[研究结果]牛蹄塘组页岩主要发育毫米级微裂缝、微米级黄铁矿晶间孔以及纳米级有机质孔隙,以墨水瓶状孔隙和平板结构的狭缝孔为主,孔隙结构复杂;结合FIB-SEM三维重构结果,有机质在页岩中占比较高,其孔隙度在0.04%~2.48%,对总孔隙的贡献率介于14%~96%,与有机质共生的黄铁矿晶间孔是沟通裂缝的主要孔隙类型;该地区页岩气赋存状态以欠饱和的吸附气为主,游离气含量偏低。[结论]牛蹄塘组页岩大量构造裂缝,沟通了有机质孔及黄铁矿晶间孔,改变了原有孔隙结构,致使原位聚集的页岩气沿裂缝逸散,是牛蹄塘组页岩含气量低的关键因素。热演化程度适中、构造保存好的区域是古隆起周缘下一步页岩气勘探的有利方向。

The formation and evolution of Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-uplift and its control on the distributions of sedimentary facies in the Junggar Basin

The Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-uplift is a large-scale uplift stretching across the Junggar Basin formed during the Yanshanian. It has experienced four evolutionary stages: the initial forming stage (J1), the intense development stage (J2+3), the waning and burial stage (K-E), and the tilting and extinction stage (N-Q). The most intense period of activities is the Middle Jurassic. Dur-ing the Early Jurassic, the Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-structure was a low amplitude uplift. Because of the subsequent strong uplifting during Middle-Late Jurassic, the Middle and Upper Jurassic were eroded. With the evolution of the Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-uplift, the sedimentary pattern of the basin changed, and the paleo-uplift separated the northern depositional systems from those in the south side. As a result, the basin tectonics controlled the distribution and evolution of the depositional systems. During Early Jurassic, while the paleo-uplift was low, its controlling effect on depositional systems was limited and sediments coming from the northwest could reach the central and southern parts of the basin. With the strong uplifting of the Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-structure during Middle-Late Jurassic, sediments from the northwest provenance could only deposit in the northern graben of the paleo-uplift. The intense erosion of the Middle-Upper Jurassic also changed the former sedimentary center of the basin into a source area, supplying sediments for grabens on both sides of the paleo-uplift. In the Cretaceous, regional subsidence caused the paleo-uplift to be buried again and subsequently sediments accumulated on top of it. The depositional facies are dominated by fluvial in the Early Cretaceous and shallow lacustrine to deltaic in the Late Cretaceous. In the history of the long-lasting development of this paleo-uplift, large-scale erosions of the paleohigh not only provided sufficient sediments to the center of the Junggar Basin, but also created favorable conditions for the formation of various subtle traps such as lithologic and stratigraphic traps.

川中古隆起北斜坡寒武系龙王庙组油气成藏特征及演化模式

利用测井、录井、岩心分析化验等资料,对川中古隆起北斜坡下寒武统龙王庙组油气成藏条件、油气充注特征及成藏演化模式展开了深入研究。研究结果表明:(1)川中古隆起北斜坡下寒武统龙王庙组天然气具备良好的成藏条件,下伏筇竹寺组烃源岩在北斜坡腹部及西侧裂陷槽存在2个生烃中心,其TOC平均值分别为1.90%和3.46%,有机质以Ⅰ型干酪根为主,可提供充足且优质的烃源;龙王庙组内部发育的颗粒滩体岩溶储层与上覆高台组厚层致密泥质云岩,构成了优势储-盖组合;区内广泛发育的油源断裂可作为纵向优势运移通道高效输导油气。(2)研究区龙王庙组具3期成藏特征:晚三叠世末期(约214~206 Ma)发生第1期充注,大量成熟油聚集形成古油藏;早侏罗世末期(约193~186 Ma)发生第2期充注,表现为“多油少气”混合充注;中侏罗世末期(约170~164 Ma)发生第3期充注,大量油裂解气充注储层并聚集形成现今气藏。(3)研究区龙王庙组油气成藏演化可划分为4个阶段:加里东早期—二叠纪前少量低熟油充注阶段、二叠纪—三叠纪大量成熟油充注形成古油藏阶段、中侏罗世—白垩纪古油藏被破坏形成裂解气藏阶段以及晚白垩世至今气藏调整阶段。

Temporal and Spatial Evolution Analysis:The Early Paleozoic Paleo-Uplifts in the Tarim Basin

ABSTRACT： Twenty unconformities, primarily superimposed types, were identified based on inter pretation of a 46 000 km seismic profile combined with data from over 40 drilling wells. These respec tively correspond to the main tectonic evolution stages and the boundaries between those stages. Re construction of the original depths of eroded strata was conducted for the Middle Caledonian, Early Hercynian, Late Hercynian, Indosinian, Early Yanshanian and Late Yanshanian unconformities using the virtual extrapolation of seismic reflection. Eroded strata thicknesses were also calculated for indi vidual periods and intervals. Based on the reconstructed data, in combination with data from research on sedimentary facies, a paleogeomorphological profile was constructed for different tectonic evolution stages of the basin during the Early Paleozoic. The profile indicates the presence of obvious regularity in the temporal and spatial evolution of these unconformities. Based on the characteristics of paleouplift evolution and postlayering reconstruction, the paleouplifts were divided into inherited （e.g., Tazhong （塔中）, residual （e.g., North Tarim） and active （e.g., Southwest Tarim and Bachu （巴楚） types. The huge North Tarim uplift represents a typical form of residual paleouplift. The Paleozoic strata in the upper layers of the uplift is in poor condition for reservoir accumulation and preservation; however, the Upper MesozoicCenozoic structural layer can form a secondary reservoir that is rela tively rich in oil and gas. Furthermore, the flank slope area of the uplift is always a key source for oil and gas collection and the most advantageous position for the formation of the original reservoir. The Tazhong paleouplift has been stable since its formation in the Late Ordovician, where petroleum accumulation has been distributed not only in the uplift, but also in the deep and slope belts of the uplift. Important breakthroughs in petroleum exploration of the slope break in the North Tazhong area datingback to the Paleozoic have further confirmed the enrichment of oil and gas in this type of uplift. The Southwest Tarim paleouplift is a buried type, which has given it favorable properties for hydrocarbon migration over a long time. An open question is whether the large amount of oil and gas accumulated here was transported to the current Bachu uplift.

柴达木盆地尕斯地区水下古隆起滩坝成因机制及控藏模式

滩坝是重要的油气藏储集体,对油气成藏具有重要的控制作用。水下古隆起构造上的滩坝形成机制及其对油气藏的控制作用研究较少,尚待进一步揭示。通过岩心分析、镜下观察、井震解释等手段,重建了柴达木盆地尕斯地区水下古隆起滩坝的古沉积环境,明确了该地区的地质构造特征和沉积岩石特征,揭示了滩坝的形成机制,建立了滩坝成藏模式。研究结果表明,(1)尕斯地区上干柴沟组(N1)水下古隆起构造主要发育滨浅湖相沉积体系,地层岩性主要为泥岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩。(2)研究区古地貌西北高、东南低,滩坝主要接受来自砂西-红柳泉的阿拉尔物源沉积,同时受到波浪和沿岸流的作用,发育大面积的滩砂体。(3)尕斯古隆起发育于新生代之前,且产生了大量断层,其滩坝砂体在平面上分布较广,砂体厚度小;在垂向上为旋回叠置分布,呈弯曲的“条带状”。(4)尕斯地区油气藏为古隆起、断层、滩坝砂体共同控制的构造-岩性复合油气藏。

Controlling factors of Dengying Formation reservoirs in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift

Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics revealed that the Dengying Formation reservoir in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift belonged to the compound genetic reservoir of the mound-shoal facies and karst.Development of the reservoir was controlled by the mound-shoal facies,and dissolution-enlarged or added pores(vugs)due to superimposed karstification modification were favorable reservoir spaces.The karst of the Dengying Formation in Tongwan stage was the stratabound-weathered crust karst of the early diagenesis stage,the extensive superimposition of mound-shoal facies and regional karstification in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift area was the key to develop the large-scale continuous Dengying Formation reservoirs.Due to differences in the development degree of mound-shoal facies and in the intensity of karst modification,the reservoir development degree varied in different zones in the paleouplift area.The NS-extending zone on the western side of the Gaoshiti-Moxi area was the sweet spot for reservoir development.Effective identification of mound-shoal facies and fine depiction of karst landform was the key for reservoir prediction of the Dengying Formation to discovery the superimposed area of the mound-shoal facies and the karst monadnock-karst steep slope which similar to Moxi-Gaoshiti area.

烃类包裹体荧光光谱技术划分油气成藏期次———以川中古隆起地区震旦系灯影组为例

流体包裹体显微荧光光谱技术,是利用显微荧光光谱技术对包裹体的荧光性质进行研究,以确定包裹体的流体性质、化学成分及形成时代的一种研究方法。运用烃类包裹体显微荧光光谱分析以及包裹体测温的技术手段,对川中古隆起灯影组油气成藏期次进行分析。通过实验检测,观察到灯影组储层中存在3种荧光颜色的烃类包裹体,分别为橙色、黄绿色和蓝白色,显示了包裹体中充注的油从低成熟度到高成熟度的变化。通过包裹体显微荧光光谱参数分析,结合埋藏生烃史及包裹体的均一温度测定分析,得到的结论是研究区灯影组油藏共经历了3期油气充注:第Ⅰ期发橙色荧光的低成熟度油的充注时间约在志留世—晚泥盆世期间;第Ⅱ期发黄绿色荧光的中等成熟度油的充注时间约为早三叠世—早侏罗世期间;第Ⅲ期高成熟度油气的充注时间约在晚侏罗世—早白垩世之间。第Ⅰ期和第Ⅱ期主要为原油充注,第Ⅲ期为古油藏裂解生气形成气藏。该研究成果与前人根据构造运动以及研究区包裹体均一温度划分的油气成藏期次结论相印证,对川中地区进一步油气勘探工作具有重要指导意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地早古生代庆阳和乌审旗古隆起构造演化及其对寒武系岩相古地理的控制

鄂尔多斯盆地早古生代南、北两个古隆起的构造演化过程认识尚不明确,制约了油气勘探及盆地沉积充填演化过程的研究。基于最新钻井、野外剖面及地震资料,采用地震反射接触关系和滨岸相识别等手段,对庆阳古隆起和乌审旗古隆起进行约束与刻画,认为其总体经历了寒武纪的古隆起逐渐淹没阶段、寒武纪—奥陶纪的抬升剥蚀阶段、早奥陶世冶里组-亮甲山组沉积期之后的庆阳古隆起稳定-乌审旗古隆起快速沉降阶段、晚加里东期的挤压剥蚀和古隆起范围定型阶段、石炭纪—二叠纪的古隆起消亡阶段及二叠纪之后的构造掀斜定型阶段等6个主要阶段,南、北两个古隆起具有早期发育特征相近、后期南部隆升-北部沉降的演化差异。两个古隆起形成隆-凹相间的古构造格局,对寒武系沉积储层控制明显。古隆起总体呈东缓-西陡的古地貌特征,古隆起东侧相对于西侧更有利于大面积白云岩储层的发育。庆阳古隆起和乌审旗古隆起在寒武纪的演化过程中对岩相古地理格局的控制具有差异性,总体上前者控制地貌隆-凹格局及沉积更为持续。寒武纪晚期的怀远构造运动导致鄂尔多斯盆地抬升剥蚀,致使寒武系顶部岩溶作用普遍发育。

鄂尔多斯盆地乌审旗古隆起对岩溶气藏的控制机理

随着鄂尔多斯盆地北部中国石化大牛地区块一系列深井的钻探成功,发现乌审旗古隆起对奥陶系马家沟组的成藏起着重要的控制作用。在充分利用盆地北部钻井、地震和分析化验资料的基础上,研究乌审旗古隆起的形成与演化对下古生界成储和成藏的控制作用。结果表明:①乌审旗古隆起形成于新元古代,一直持续活动到奥陶纪末,具有“水上、水下交替发育”的特点,可分为5个演化阶段;②乌审旗古隆起在早古生代的持续活动造成了其东侧断裂系统发育,这些断裂为加里东期—海西期马家沟组岩溶作用提供了通道,形成深层岩溶储层;③乌审旗古隆起上沉积水体较浅,利于微生物岩的形成和准同生白云石化,可以形成白云岩孔隙型储层;④乌审旗古隆起东侧的断裂是成藏期天然气运移的主要通道,断裂沟通了多套储层,具有“三向供烃、断裂控储、立体成藏”的特征。该研究为鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界奥陶系的立体勘探提供了一种新模式。