MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTY OF Al/TiC COMPOSITES PREPARED BY REACTION SYNTHESIS

A novel in-situ process-Reaction Synthesis has been used to fabricate Al/TiC compos-ites,the phase constitute,microstructure and mechanical property of the Al/TiC composite have been investigated by the use of XRD and SEM.It has been shown that the reaction synthesized TiC particu-late is submicron in size(about 0.1~0.8μpm),spherical in shape and smooth in surface.In macrostruc-ture the distribution of the TiC particulate in matrix is homogeneous,but in micostructure there is micro-segregation of the TiC particulate at the intergrannular.The cast structure become fine because of the existence of the TiC particulate.In addition«with the increasing of weight percentage of TiC partic-ulate in alloy,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the composite increase significantly«e.g.at 15%TiC,117% and 103% increase respectively,in the same time the elongation of the composite is still more than 4.5%.In the end,the analysis has been done by SEM on the fracture morphology of the composite.The results show that the fracture is ductility,and mainly because of the cluster of TiC particulate to intergrannular and the synthesis of bar morphology Al_(3)Ti.

Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of(TiC+TiB)/TA15 composites prepared by an in-situ synthesis method

Titanium matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles are considered a promising engineering material due to their combination of high specific strength,low density,and high modulus.In this study,the TA15-based composites reinforced with a volume fraction of 10% to 25%(TiB+TiC)were prepared using powder metallurgy and casting technique.Microstructural characterization and phase constitution were examined using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).In addition,the microhardness,room temperature(RT)and high temperature(HT)tensile properties of the composites were evaluated.Results revealed that the reinforcements are distributed uniformly even in the composites with a high volume of TiB and TiC.However,as the volume fraction exceeds 15%,TiB and TiC particles become coarsening and exhibit rod-like and dendritic-like morphology.Microhardness increases gradually from 321.2 HV for the base alloy to a maximum of 473.3 HV as the reinforcement increases to 25vol.%.Tensile test results indicate that a reinforcement volume fraction above 20% is beneficial for enhancing tensile strength and yield strength at high temperatures,but it has an adverse effect on room temperature elongation.Conversely,if the reinforcement volume fraction is below 20%,it can improve high-temperature elongation when the temperature exceeds 600℃.

Two-Step Synthesis of Sulfur/Graphene Composite Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Sulfur Batteries

Sulfur/graphene composites with different sulfur contents were prepared by two-step synthesis, where graphene was regarded as a carrier of sulfur active substance. The surface structure and crystal form of the composites obtained were characterized and compared by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was found that sulfur was partially coated by graphene. The graphene folds provided more nano-pores and electron transport channels for sulfur. From TGA results, the sulfur contents of the sulfur/graphene compositcs measured were about 42.32 wt%, 54.94 wt%, and 65.23 wt%. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that sulfur/graphene composite （x=54.94 wt%） cathode exhibited better capacity retention （40.13%） compared with the pure cathode （20.46%）, where an initial discharge capacity was up to 1 500 mAh.g-t and it remained about 600 mAh·g-1 after 30 cycles. Furthermore, the electrochemical reaction mechanism and the state of reaction interface for Li/S battery were analyzed by cyclic voltammogram and AC-impedance spectra. The results indicated that the sulfur/graphene composite with a sulfur content of 54.94 wt%, based on a two-step synthesis, contributed to improving electrochemical properties of lithium/sulfur battery

Combustion Synthesis and Densification of NiAl/TiB_2 Composites

A suitable combustion synthesis and densification process was designed to fabricate dense NiAl/ TiB2 composites from Ni-Al- Ti-B system. Combustion synthesis processing and microstructure characteristics of products were studied in detail. The results show that the amount of TiB2 ceramics has a great influence on the combustion synthesis processing and microstructure; with the increase of the amount of TiB2 ceramics, the combustion temperature and combustion velocity increase rapidly. The volume of synthesized products and the grain size of ceramics particle size are also affected by the amount of TiB2 ceramics. TiB2 ceramics fiber can be produced in this synthesis system. The dense NiAl/ TiB2 composites with residual porosity of no more than 1% are fabricated by the combustion synthesis and hot pressing, the mechanical properties of the dense NiAl/ TiB2 composites increase with increase of the amount of TiB2 ceramics.

Effect of La_2O_3, Y_2O_3 Additives on Structure and Mechanical Property of Ceramic-Lined Composite Pipe Under Centrifugation

The effect of additives containing rare earth elements La and Y on the structure and mechanical property of ceramic-lined composite pipe was studied in presence of centrifugation. The fracture and shearing strength of ceramic-lined composite pipe containing different additives were measured and analyzed through the fracture and shearing strength experiments. The distribution of shear stress on the interface of ceramic layer and the pipe is computed by finite element method.

A new synthetic route to MgO–MgAl2O4–ZrO2 highly dispersed composite material through formation of Mg5Al2.4Zr1.7O12 metastable phase: synthesis and physical properties

Mg_5Al_(2.4)Zr_(1.7)O_(12) metastable phase was successfully synthesized from analytical-grade Mg O,α-Al_2O_3,MgAl_2O_4,and ZrO_2 under an N_2 atmosphere.The sintering temperature was varied from 1650 to 1780°C,and the highest amount of Mg_5Al_(2.4)Zr_(1.7)O_(12) appeared in the composite material when the sintering temperature was 1760°C.According to our research of the formation mechanism of Mg_5Al_(2.4)Zr_(1.7)O_(12),the formation and growth of MgAl_2O_4 dominated when the temperature was not higher than 1650°C.When the temperature was higher than 1650°C,MgO and ZrO_2 tended to diffuse into MgAl_2O_4 and the Mg_5Al_(2.4)Zr_(1.7)O_(12) solid solution was formed.When the temperature reached 1760°C,the formation of Mg_5Al_(2.4)Zr_(1.7)O_(12) was completed.The effect of Mg Al_2O_4 spinel crystals was also studied,and their introduction into the composite material promoted the formation and growth of Mg_5Al_(2.4)Zr_(1.7)O_(12).A highly dispersed MgO–Mg Al_2O_4–ZrO_2 composite material was prepared through the decomposition of the Mg_5Al_(2.4)Zr_(1.7)O_(12) metastable phase.The as-prepared composite material showed improved overall physical properties because of the good dispersion of MgO,MgAl_2O_4,and ZrO_2 phases.

Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Behavior of p-NiO/n-TiO_2/Polyaniline Composites

The p-NiO/n-TiO2/polyaniline composites were synthesized via in situ polymerization of aniline. The structure and morphology of the composites were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the p-n junction p-NiO/n-TiO2 particles were trapped in the polyaniline molecular matrix and the polyaniline was deposited on the surface of the particles to form a kind of flower cluster morphologies. The electrochemical behavior of the polyaniline composites was investigated. The electrochemical reactivity of the polyaniline was influenced by the p-NiO/n-TiO2 particles due to the effect of electron-hole pairs in these p-n junction particles. The reversibility of redox process and current intensity of the polyaniline composites with the changing of potential scan rate were also discussed.

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF A NOVEL COMPOSITE ZSM-5 ZEOLITE/VERMICULITE CATALYST

The composite ZSM—5 zeolite/vermiculite catalyst,in which tiny ZSM—5 zeolite parti- cles embedded in the vermiculite substrate,has been synthesized by hydrothermal method with vermiculite as silicon source.The catalytic behavior of resulting catalyst for xylene isomerization,propylene aromatization and toluene disproportionation is better than that of HZSM—5 zeolite.

SYNTHESIS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NiAlBASED COMPOSITES

Mechanical alloying and hot pressing have been applied to prepare fine structured NiAl TiC, NiAl TiB 2 and NiAl γ composites. The formation mechanism, microstructure and compressive properties of these composites have been investigated. In addition, NiAl Cr(Mo) alloys containing different amounts of TiC particulate have been fabricated by hot pressing aided exothermic synthesis(HPES) plus hot isostatic pressing(HIP). Their mechanical properties including Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and compressive strength were tested. Deformation behavior at high temperatures has been studied extensively.

Microstructures and Properties of FeAl-Fe_3AlC_(0.5) Composites Prepared by SHS Casting

FeAl composites with 21, 37 and 50 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 were fabricated by a self-propagating high temperature synthesis （SHS） casting. Phases and microstructures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Microhardness and bending strength of the composites were measured. The composites with 21 and 50 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 mainly consisted of FeAl and FesAlC0.5 phases, whereas the composite with 37 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 was composed of FeAl, Fe3AlC0.5 and graphite phases. The bonding of the reinforcement and the matrix was good. Hardness and bending strength of the composite with 37 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 was lower than those of the 21 and 50 wt pct composites owing to the presence of the soft graphite phase.

Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of La-substituted Ba-ferrite Composites

A Self-Propagating Combustion Synthesis (SPCS) method, citrate SPCS method, was used to synthesize crystalline powders of La-substituted barium hexaferrit, according to the formula Ba1-xLaxFe11.5Cr0.5O19(x=0～0.25). The structures, morphologies and ferromagnetic properties of La3+ substituted composites were characterized by powder X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). XRD results showed that it was possible to obtain single-phase barium ferrite powders at 1100 ℃ and La content x<0.2. From the SEM, it was observed that the particles calcined at 1100 ℃ had a plate-like hexagonal shape. The results of magnetic mensuration revealed that the magnetic properties of La-substituted samples were obviously affected by La content .With the increasing of the La content, the saturation magnetization of Ba1-xLaxFe11.5Cr0.5O19 (x=0～0.25) increased from 50.1 to 56.2 emu·g-1, and coercivity increased from 1411.1 Oe to 1544.6 Oe.

In-situ Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Hydroxyapatite Composite Hydrogel by Freezing-thawing Method

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxyapatite(PVA/HA) composite hydrogel was successfully in-situ synthesized via three cycles of freezing-thawing. The composition and structure of products were investigated by X-ray diffraction( XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The influence of different preparation methods and contents of material on the mechanical properties of PVA/HA composite hydrogel was discussed through tensile and compressive tests. The template of PVA could avoid the agglomeration of HA particles, which improves the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel effectively. The tensile strength, modulus and compressive performances of the PVA/HA composite hydrogel prepared by the in-situ synthesis method were better than those of hydrogel obtained by the simple blend metliod. In addition, the effect of the content of PVA, HA, and the pH value on tlie properties of tlie PVA/HA composite hydrogel has been discussed in detail.

Green Synthesis, Composition Analysis and Surface Active Properties of Sodium Cocoyl Glycinate

Cocoyl glycine was synthesized directly from coconut oil and sodium glycinate in yield of 87%. IR, ESI-MS and LC/MS analysis results showed that cocoyl glycine consists of a series of acyl glycines with different acyl chain lengths, and the proportion of each component was consistent with the composition of fatty acids derived from coconut oil. The surface tension and the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of corresponding sodium salt were evaluated. The result showed that sodium cocoyl glycinate reduced the surface tension of water to a minimum value of approximately 33 mN·m-1 at CMC of 0.21 mmol·L-1.

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of In-situ Synthesized TiB_2- TiC /Ni Based Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

A TiB2 and TiC particles reinforced Ni based composites coating was prepared on TC4 alloy surface by chemical reaction among Ti, B and C elements using laser cladding technique. Microstructural analysis showed that the sizes of in-situ synthesized TiB2 and TiC particles ranged within 5~10um and l^2um, respectively, while both the two kinds of particles were uniformly distributed in the clad layer. The measurement of microhardness and wear and friction properties indicated that the microhardness of laser clad layer was HV900-1100, being three times of that of the TC4 alloy; the friction coefficient of the laser clad layer in air and in vacuum (10~5 Pa) ranged within 0.2-0.3 and 0.3-0.5, respectively; the wear rate in terms of mass loss was considerably lower than that of the TC4 alloy both in air and in vacuum environment.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu Matrix Composites Reinforced by TiB_(2)/TiN Ceramic Reinforcements

Cu matrix composites reinforced by TiB_(2)/TiN ceramic reinforcements(Cu/TBN composites)were prepared by hot pressing method.Prior to the hot pressing,Cu/TiB_(2)/TiN composite powders(CTBN powders),which were used as the starting materials of Cu/TBN composites,were fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method.The CTBN particles were found to be in a special core–shell structure with a Cu–Ti alloy core and a TiB_(2)/TiN ceramic shell.The test results presented obvious improvements in mechanical properties.The highest ultimate tensile strength reached up to 297 MPa,77 MPa higher than that of Cu.And the highest hardness reached up to 70.7 HRF,15.7 HRF higher than that of Cu.A comparative study indicated that the core–shell structured particles could bring about more obvious strengthening eff ect than the traditional irregularly shaped particles,which was due to the improved Cu/ceramics interfacial bonding,the linkage strengthening effect of both TiB_(2) and TiN,and higher load bearing ability of the core–shell structured reinforcements.

Controllable fabrication and multifunctional applications of graphene/ceramic composites

Graphene with excellent comprehensive properties has been considered as a promising filler to reinforce ceramics.While numerous studies have been devoted to the improvement of mechanical and electrical properties,incorporating graphene to ceramics also offers new opportunities for endowing ceramics with versatility.In this review,the recent development of graphene/ceramic bulk composites is summarized with the focus on the construction of well-designed architecture and the realization of multifunctional applications.The processing technologies of the composites are systematically summarized towards homogeneous dispersion and even ordered orientation of graphene sheets in the ceramic matrix.The improvement of composites in mechanical,electrical,electromagnetic,and thermal performances is discussed.The novel multifunctional applications brought by smart integration of graphene in ceramics are also addressed,including microwave absorption,electromagnetic interference shielding,ballistic armors,self-monitor damage sensors,and energy storage and conversion.

激光熔覆原位Ti-C-B-Al复合涂层的结构特征与力学性能

以钛粉、铝粉和碳化硼粉末为原料,采用同步同轴激光熔覆系统在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备含原位自生TiC、TiB以及TiAl金属间化合物增强钛基的Ti-C-B-Al复合涂层,研究了复合涂层的显微组织、物相构成、显微硬度和微纳米力学性能。结果表明,三种粉末在高能激光束的作用下充分反应并生成了TiC、TiB以及TiAl金属间化合物增强相。复合涂层表面光滑,涂层内部无气孔及裂纹,与基体间形成了良好的冶金结合,增强相在涂层内分布均匀,相比于基体,熔覆涂层具有较优的力学性能。涂层硬度在460HV_(0.3)~510HV_(0.3)之间,同时涂层的纳米力学性能与显微硬度具有较好的对应关系,其中当m(Ti)∶m(Al)∶m(B_(4)C)=84∶12∶4时,制得的涂层具有较优的力学性能。

Effects of Reheating Duration on the Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Thixoforged In Situ Mg_2Si_p/AM60B Composites

The influences of reheating duration on microstructures and tensile properties of thixoforged in situ Mg2Sip/ AM60B composites have been investigated. The results indicate that the reheating time affects the volume fraction, composition and distribution of the liquid phase, the evolution of the liquid pools within the primary particles, and the morphology and distribution of the Mg2Si particles of the semisolid feedstock. These changes then affect the subsequent solidification behavior and deformation mechanism during thixoforging, which are responsible for the resulting micro- structure and tensile properties. Mg2Si particles play a strengthening role for the matrix through the load transfer mechanism. The appropriate reheating time is 60 min at 600 ℃ when the mold preheating temperature is at 300 ℃. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the resulting composite are up to 209 MPa and 11.9%, respectively.

Fracture behavior of a composite composed by Ti-aluminide multi-layered and continuous-SiC_f-reinforced Ti-matrix

In the present work, a novel hybrid composite composed of Ti-aluminide multi-layered part and continuous-SiCf-reinforced Ti-matrix part using a vacuum hot pressing/hot isostatic pressure(VHP/HIP) sintering process was synthesized. Then,the damage tolerance behavior of this hybrid composite was studied by tensile tests and in situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM) three-point bending tests. The results indicate that the mechanical properties and crack propagation of the hybrid composite are strongly influenced by the extrinsic toughness mechanism. In detail, the crack deflection of multi-layered composite and strengthening effect of SiCf-reinforced matrix composite are observed in the hybrid composite.Owing to the strengthening effect of continuous-SiCf-reinforced Ti-matrix part, the tensile strength of hybrid composite is much higher than that of neat Ti-aluminide multi-layered composite. Furthermore, it is found that the optimal damage tolerance ability is optimized when the notch position is located at the Ti-aluminide multi-layered part due to the crack deflection of multi-layered structure.

Facile Synthesis of Bimetallic Au@Pd Nanoparticles with Core-shell Structures on Graphene Nanosheets

In this paper, we report a simple one-step thermal reducing method for synthesis of bimetallic Au@Pd nanoparticles with core-shell structures on the graphene surface. This new type of Au@Pd-G composites is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is found that Au@Pd nanoparticles with an average diameter of 11 nm are well dispersed on the graphene surface, and the Au core quantity as well as the Pd shell thickness can be quantitatively controlled by loading different amounts of metallic precursors, and the involved core-shell structure formation mechanism is also discussed. The ternary Pt/Au@Pd-G composites can also be synthetized by the subsequent Pt doping. The catalytic performance of Au@Pd-G composites toward methanol electro-oxidation in acidic media is investigated. The results show that Au@Pd-G composites exhibit higher catalytic activity, better stability and stronger tolerance to CO poisoning than Pd-G and Au-G counterparts.