Sonic Hedgehog及其受体Patched在小鼠视交叉发育过程中的表达

在小鼠胚胎发育过程中,胚胎第13d(E13)至15d(E15)是视交叉发育的主要阶段。在本研究中,我们观察了在E13～E15,Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)及其受体Patched(Ptc)在视觉传导通路的表达。结果发现:在视交叉和视束中,Shh在视神经纤维接近中线时表达上调,越过中线后表达下调,并且主要表达在较深的区域。Ptc在E13～E14的视网膜和E14～E15的视束中有表达,但在视交叉中无表达。Ptc,而不是Shh,表达在体外培养的生长锥中。Shh和Ptc在视觉传导通路发育中的表达提示Shh可能在引导视神经生长方面发挥一定作用。

patched基因在肝细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨patched(Ptc)基因在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用组织芯片技术和免疫组化(ABC-HRP)法对150例HCC手术切除标本进行Ptc检测,评估Ptc的表达与HCC临床病理的关系。结果150例肝癌组织,脱片9例,141例中39例有高表达(26.6%);25例癌旁肝组织无脱片,阳性表达3例(12.0%)。二者比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。Ptc阳性表达与HCC的转移、淋巴浸润、包膜形成及细胞分化密切相关(P<0.05)。结论Ptc检测对估计HCC的转移、复发及预后具有意义。

N-S EQUATION CALCULATIONS ON MULTI-ELEMENT AIRFOILS WITH ZONAL PATCHED GRIDS

For a complex flow about multi-element airfoils a mixed grid method is set up. C-type grids are produced on each element′s body and in their wakes at first, O-type grids are given in the outmost area, and H-type grids are used in middle additional areas. An algebra method is used to produce the initial grids in each area. And the girds are optimized by elliptical differential equation method. Then C-O-H zonal patched grids around multi-element airfoils are produced automatically and efficiently. A time accurate finite-volume integration method is used to solve the compressible laminar and turbulent Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations on the grids. Computational results prove the method to be effective.

Patched基因在恶性肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

Shh信号通道在胚胎发育过程中对细胞的生长、发育、增殖和分化意义重大，通道的异常会引起肿瘤的发生Patched基因是Shh信号通道中的一种肿瘤抑制基因。近年来的许多研究发现，Patched基因的异常表达与一些恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关，Patched基因可以作为某些恶性肿瘤诊断和评价预后的指标，是某些恶性肿瘤生物治疗的靶标之一。本文就Patched基因在某些恶性肿瘤的表达及其临味意义予以综述。

RT-PCR法研究soni chedgehog基因及其受体patched在小鼠牙胚钟状晚期的表达

目的 :判断sonichedgehog(Shh)基因及其受体patched(Ptc)是否在小鼠牙胚钟状晚期有表达。 方法 :用RT PCR法研究Shh及其受体Ptc在小鼠牙胚钟状晚期的表达。设计Shh及其受体Ptc的PCR引物 ;选取新生鼠第 1天 (P1)、第 3天 (P3)、第 7天 (P7)的牙胚为研究对象 ,提取总RNA。两步法进行RT PCR反应 ,10 g·L- 1 琼脂糖电泳观察。结果 :出生后第 1天、第 3天、第 7天小鼠牙胚RT PCR产物可见Shh、Ptc条带。结论 :Shh及其受体Ptc在小鼠牙胚钟状晚期有表达。

sonic hedgehog及patched基因在角化囊肿中的表达

目的 :了解Shh(Sonichedgehog) ,Bmp - 4,Ptc(patched)基因在角化囊肿中的表达情况 ,明确Shh及其相关基因在角化囊肿发病中的作用。方法 :选取角化囊肿石蜡切片。将Shh ,Bmp 4,Ptc分别转染与大肠杆菌XL 1 Blue ,提质粒 ,线性化质粒 ,体外转录法合成地高辛标记的RNA探针 ,原位杂交检测角化囊肿中Shh ,Bmp 4,Ptc的表达情况。结果 :Shh ,Bmp 4共同表达于角化囊肿上皮细胞 ,胞浆呈强阳性表达 ;Ptc表达于角化囊肿间充质细胞 ,胞浆表达较弱。结论 :Shh ,Bmp 4,Ptc在角化囊肿中都有异常表达 ,提示 (1)角化囊肿的发生与生长发育中的上皮残余有关 ;(2 )Shh与Ptc之间平衡的破坏是发生角化囊肿的条件之一 ;(3)角化囊肿与正常生长发育相似 ,存在Bmp

食道鳞状细胞癌组织及癌旁组织中sonic hedgehog和patched1的表达

目的在食道鳞状细胞癌和配对癌旁组织中检测sonic hedgehog（SHH）和patched1（PTCH1）的表达。方法选取内蒙古医科大学附属医院胸外科2012~2014年经手术切除、病理科确诊为食道鳞状细胞癌的标本共30例及其癌旁组织,应用免疫组织化学染色方法检测SHH和patched1的表达。结果在30例食道鳞状细胞癌组织中10例（33.3%）PTCH1阳性表达,肿瘤组织中未检测到SHH蛋白的表达,癌旁组织中未见两种蛋白的表达。PTCH1的表达与患者吸烟、饮酒,食道鳞状细胞癌的肿瘤分化、分期,淋巴结转移无关（P〉0.05）。结论 SHH的表达不是激活hedgehog通路的原因。

Patched基因在结肠癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨Patched(Ptch)基因在结肠癌组织中的表达及意义。方法应用RT-PCR方法和免疫组织化学对38例结肠癌手术切除的标本进行Ptch基因表达检测,评估Ptch基因表达与结肠癌临床病理的关系。结果癌组织的Patched基因呈高表达,与癌旁组织比较,二者有显著性差异;Ptch基因表达强度与癌的分期密切相关,早期结肠癌的表达强度明显高于进展期癌。结论 Shh信号通路异常的活性状态有可能参与结肠癌的发生过程。Ptch基因检测对评估结肠癌的分期和预后具有重要意义。

Patched/hedgehog信号通路与膀胱肿瘤关系的研究进展

膀胱肿瘤是我国泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤，绝大多数（90％以上）是移行细胞癌，超过70％的移行细胞癌（TCC）在治疗后复发，复发肿瘤中约10％-15％出现恶性程度增加。如果能够明确引起膀胱癌复发的机制，预测膀胱癌复发，将会改进患者的治疗情况。Hedgehog信号通路在胚胎发育中起着重要的作用。控制着细胞的增殖与命运。近年来人们发现许多疾病都与这个信号通路有关。当这个信号通路异常激活时，会引起肿瘤的发生与发展。本文就Patched／hedgehog信号通路与膀胱肿瘤的关系作一综述。

The role of the hedgehog/patched signaling pathway in epithelial stem cell proliferation: from fly to human

The hedgehog-patched (hh-ptc) intercellular signaling pathway has recently been shown to control the proliferation of epithelial stem cells in both Drosophila and vertebrates. Mutant and ectopic expression analyses in Drosophila suggest that the HH protein diffuses from the signaling cells to promote the proliferation of nearby ovarian somatic stem cells by antagonizing the suppression of its receptor PTC towards the CI transcription factor in the stem cells. Consequently, the transcription of CIdependent genes leads to stem cell proliferation. This regulatory pathway appears to function also in vertebrates,where defects in ptc cause basal cell carcinoma, tumors of epidermal stem cell origin. Basal cell carcinoma can also be induced by ectopic expression of Sonic hedgehog (shh) or Glil, the vertebrate homolog of ci. These studies suggest the conservation of the hh signaling pathway in controlling epithelial stem cell divisions among different organisms.

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of Patched 1 gene in the half-smooth tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis)

The signaling molecule hedgehog（Hh） is essential for cellular signaling required for body pattern formation in embryonic and individual development in vertebrate and invertebrates.Patched 1（Ptc1）,a receptor of Hh,mediates the activity of Hh by binging the Hh ligands.In this study,the Ptc1 of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis（CsPtc1） was cloned and characterized.The full-length of CsPtc1 cDNA is 5 212 nucleotides（nt）,and encodes a protein with 1 543 amino acid residues.CsPtc1 shared many features with Ptc1 of other telesot species.Real-time quantitative PCR revealed CsPtc1 mRNA expressed in brain,liver,heart,gill,intestines,spleen,gonad and kidney,with expression level in testis significantly higher than in ovary.In testis,hybridization signals were mainly detected in primary spermatocytes,secondary spermatocytes,and sertoli cells,while weak signals were found in oocytes.Correspondingly,the degree of methylation is higher in female than in male and pseudomale.Results indicate that CsPtc1 may be involved in Desert Hedgehog（DHH） maintenance of the male and pseudo-male germ line and spermatogenesis.

CyclinD（-／-）／Patched（＋／-）双基因敲除鼠的构建

目的构建CycD（-／-）／Ptc（＋／-）双基因敲除鼠以验证Hh传导系统与Rb系统的关系。方法应用已有的杂合子CycD基因敲除鼠CycD（＋／-）与杂合子Ptc基因敲除鼠Ptc（＋／-）进行交配繁殖，得到双基因杂合子敲除鼠CycD（＋／-）／Ptc（＋／-），再利用该双基因杂合子敲除鼠进行二次交配繁殖，得到实验组CycD（-／-）／Ptc（＋／-）双基因敲除鼠。结果实验得到了双基因敲除鼠CycD（-／-）／Ptc（＋／-）、双基因杂合子基因敲除鼠CycD（＋／-）／Ptc（＋／-）、CycD单基因敲除鼠CycD（-／-）／Ptc（＋／＋）。结论通过本实验方法得到CycD（-／-）／Ptc（＋／-）双基因敲除鼠，可用于进一步揭示Ptc基因与CycD基因相互影响调控的作用及Hedgehog与Rb信号传导通路在哺乳动物中的相关性。

Shh、Patched和PCNA在子宫肌瘤中的表达

目的探讨子宫肌瘤中Sonic hedgehog(Shh)及其受体Patched的表达及与PCNA表达的关系。方法应用免疫荧光染色法检测72例子宫肌瘤组织及对应瘤旁正常组织中Shh、Patched的表达,运用免疫组织化学染色法检测相应标本中PCNA的表达。结果子宫肌瘤中Shh、Patched和PCNA的阳性表达率分别为37.50%、33.33%和87.5%,明显高于瘤旁正常组织的12.5%、8.33%和33.33%(P<0.05)。结论 Shh通路的激活可能通过促进细胞增殖在子宫肌瘤形成过程中起重要作用。

局部加全局视角遮挡人脸表情识别方法

实际场景中各种遮挡增加了表情识别难度。为此,提出一种滑块局部加权卷积注意力和全局注意力池化的视觉Transformer结合的方法来解决遮挡问题。利用主干网络提取表情特征图,将表情特征图裁剪成多个区域块,利用局部Patch注意力单元通过自适应计算局部特征的注意力权重来感知被遮挡的区域,提取表情局部特征。同时,表情特征图转换成Patch块,通过Patch级和Token级注意力池化的视觉Transformer,从全局角度捕获Patch块之间的相互作用和相关性。引导模型强调最具区别性的特征,而忽略遮挡减少不相关特征的影响。在三个表情数据集及其遮挡子集和一个遮挡数据集上进行实验,结果表明所提模型在遮挡表情识别上优于现有方法。

CONSERVATION OF THREE-POINT COMPACT SCHEMES ON SINGLE AND MULTIBLOCK PATCHED GRIDS FOR HYPERBOLIC PROBLEMS

For nonlinear hyperbolic problems, conservation of the numerical scheme is important for convergence to the correct weak solutions. In this paper the conservation of the well-known compact scheme up to fourth order of accuracy on a single and uniform grid is studied, and a conservative interface treatment is derived for compact schemes on patched grids. For a pure initial value problem, the compact scheme is shown to be equivalent to a scheme in the usual conservative form. For the case of a mixed initial boundary value problem, the compact scheme is conservative only if the rounding errors are small enough. For a patched grid interface, a conservative interface condition useful for mesh refinement and for parallel computation is derived and its order of local accuracy is analyzed.

Do brood parasitic Common Cuckoos develop brood patches during the breeding season?

Many birds develop brood patches on their ventral apterium under hormonal regulation to effectively transmit body heat to eggs during incubation.The developed patch has several characteristics,including de-feathering,vascularization,and edema.However,little is known about whether avian brood parasites that do not incubate their eggs exhibit brood patch development during the breeding season.In this study,we measured the size of the ventral apterium in 114 Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus)captured in the field throughout the breeding season and examined the appearance of the ventral apterium to confirm the development of brood patches.We also examined whether morphological traits and various factors correlated with the size of the ventral apterium(sternal apterium and abdominal apterium)and how it changed during the breeding season.We found no clear signs of brood patch development in Common Cuckoos captured throughout the breeding season,indicating that they likely did not develop brood patches on the ventral apterium during this period.We also found that ventral apterium size was positively correlated with wing length and body weight.In addition,Common Cuckoos with newly growing feathers on the boundary of the ventral apterium with pteryla were frequently observed as seasons progressed to the end.In conclusion,Common Cuckoos exhibit neither brood patch development nor the vestigial characteristics of ancestral brood patches,except for the growth of feathers on boundary the ventral apterium.Further studies examining brood patches across different groups of avian brood parasites are valuable for enhancing our understanding of the developmental and physiological adaptations of avian brood parasites.

Formation and ecological response of sand patches in the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,China

The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology,dynamic changes,and ecological responses associated with these sand patches.Therefore,we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation,survey,and indoor analysis methods.The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages,i.e.,formation,expansion,and stabilization,which correspond to the initial,actively developing,and semi-fixed sand patches,respectively.The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length,3.91 m in width,and 0.32 m in depth.The actively developing sand patches were the largest,and the initial sand patches were the smallest.Throughout the stage of formation and expansion,the herbaceous community composition changed,and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%.Moreover,the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe;and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend.In the stabilization phases of sand patches,the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts.Vegetation and 0-2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area,but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe.Factors such as disturbance,climate change,and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches.The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.

Could natural phytochemicals be used to reduce nitrogen excretion and excreta‑derived N_(2)O emissions from ruminants?

Ruminants play a critical role in our food system by converting plant biomass that humans cannot or choose not to consume into edible high-quality food.However,ruminant excreta is a significant source of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),a potent greenhouse gas with a long-term global warming potential 298 times that of carbon dioxide.Natural phytochemicals or forages containing phytochemicals have shown the potential to improve the efficiency of nitrogen(N)utilization and decrease N_(2)O emissions from the excreta of ruminants.Dietary inclusion of tannins can shift more of the excreted N to the feces,alter the urinary N composition and consequently reduce N_(2)O emissions from excreta.Essential oils or saponins could inhibit rumen ammonia production and decrease urinary N excretion.In grazed pastures,large amounts of glucosinolates or aucubin can be introduced into pasture soils when animals consume plants rich in these compounds and then excrete them or their metabolites in the urine or feces.If inhibitory compounds are excreted in the urine,they would be directly applied to the urine patch to reduce nitrification and subsequent N_(2)O emissions.The phytochemicals’role in sustainable ruminant production is undeniable,but much uncertainty remains.Inconsistency,transient effects,and adverse effects limit the effectiveness of these phytochemicals for reducing N losses.In this review,we will identify some current phytochemicals found in feed that have the potential to manipulate ruminant N excretion or mitigate N_(2)O production and deliberate the challenges and opportunities associated with using phytochemicals or forages rich in phytochemicals as dietary strategies for reducing N excretion and excreta-derived N_(2)O emissions.

Effects of site preparation methods on soil physical properties and outplanting success of coniferous seedlings in boreal forests

This study assessed the effect of patch scarification and mounding on the physical properties of the root layer and the success of tree planting in various types of forests.This study was conducted on 12 forest sites in taiga forests of the European part of Russia.A total of 54 plots were set up to assess seedling survival;root collar diameter,height,and heigh increment were measured for 240 seedlings to assess growth.In the rooting layer,240 soil samples were taken to determine physical properties.The study showed that soil treatment methods had no effect on bulk density and total porosity in Cladina sites.However,reduced soil moisture was noted,particularly in mounds,resulting in increased aeration.In Myrtillus sites,there were increased bulk density,reduced soil moisture,and total porosity in the mounds.Mounding treatment in Polytrichum sites resulted in reduced soil moisture and increased aeration porosity.In the Myrtillus and Polytrichum sites,patch scarification had no effects on physical properties.In Polytrichum sites,survival rates,heights,and heigh increments of bareroot Norway spruce seedlings in mounds were higher than in patches;however,the same did not apply to diameter.In Cladina and Myrtillus sites,there was no difference in growth for bareroot and containerised seedlings with different soil treatments.Growing conditions and soil types should be considered when applying different soil treatment methods to ensure high survival rates and successful seedling growth.

Establishment and evaluation of an improved rat model of open abdomen

Introduction:This study aimed to establish an animal model of open abdomen(OA)through temporary abdominal closure via different techniques.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:group A(OA with polypropylene mesh alone);group B(OA with polypro-pylene mesh combined with a patch);and group C(OA with polypropylene mesh and a sutured patch).Vital signs,pathophysiological changes,and survival rates were closely monitored in the rats for 7 days after surgery.Abdominal X-rays and histopathological examinations were performed to assess abdominal organ changes and wound healing.Results:The results showed no significant difference in mortality rates among the three groups(p>0.05).However,rats in group B exhibited superior overall condi-tion,cleaner wounds,and a higher rate of wound healing compared to the other groups(p<0.05).Abdominal X-rays indicated that varying degrees of distal intestinal obstruction in all groups.Histopathological examinations revealed fibrous hyperpla-sia,inflammatory cell infiltration,neovascularization,and collagen deposition in all groups.Group B demonstrated enhanced granulation tissue generation,neovasculari-zation,and collagen deposition compared to the other groups(p<0.05).Conclusions:Polypropylene mesh combined with patches is the most suitable method for establishing an animal model of OA.This model successfully replicated the patho-logical and physiological changes in postoperative patients with OA,specifically the progress of abdominal skin wound healing.It provides a practical and reliable animal model for OA research.