Mechanical Properties of Phenolic-Resin Composites Reinforced with CF/BF Interlayer Hybrid Fibers

Phenolic-resin composites reinforced with carbon fiber（CF） and basalt fiber（BF） interlayer hybrid fibers plain fabric were fabricated.The tensile strength,compressive strength and interlaminar shear strength of the prepared composites were studied.The results indicated that hybrid fibers reinforced composites possessed the advantages of both CF and BF.When resin content was 35% by volume fraction,the comprehensive mechanical performance of BF/CF reinforced phenolic resin composites reached the optimal values with the warp and weft direction tensile strength,compressive strength and interlayer shear strength being 252 MPa and 487 MPa,105 MPa and 129 MPa,21 MPa and 20 MPa,respectively.The scanning electron microscope（SEM） observations showed that the BF/CF hybrid fibers reinforced composites had better interfacial adhesion.

Effect of Filler Content on Flexural and Viscoelastic Properties of Coir Fibers and Argania Nut-shells Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites

The characteristics of two different kinds of lignocellulosic materials(vegetable fillers)with two morphologies as Argania nut-shells(ANS)particles and Coir Fibers(CF)were used as reinforcement for phenolic resin(Bakelite)in this work,and the composite are studied as a function of filler types,shape,content(10,20,and 30%wt.percent)and manufacturing loading force(1500 and 3000 LBs).Compression molding was used to create the composites,which were then evaluated using Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),bending,dynamic-mechanical-thermal and rheological studies.The morphology of broken samples demonstrates that both fillers are well dispersed and distributed.When fillers are added to the matrix,the flexural characteristics improve,and the optimal values are attained in the case of Argania nut-shells.The results showed that the kind and shape of the fillers had a direct influence on the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the composites due to the reinforcement's modulus augmentation.It was noticed that,the increment of manufacturing loading force decreased the mechanical and dynamical properties of composites.The optimum properties obtained indicate that the composites can only be manufactured at low manufacturing loading force(1500 LBs).

Ablation Property of Ceramics/Carbon Fibers/Resin Novel Super-hybrid Composite

A novel super-hybrid composite (NSHC) is prepared with three-dimension reticulated SiC ceramic (3DRC), high performance carbon fibers and modified phenolic resin (BPR) in this paper. Ablation performance of super-hybrid composite is studied. The results show that the NSHC has less linear ablation rate compared with pure BPR and CF/BPR composite, for example, its linear ablation rate is 50% of CF/BPR at the same fiber content. Mass ablation rate of the NSHC is slightly lower than that of pure BPR and CF/BPR composite because of their difference in the density. Scanning electron microscopic analysis indicates that 3DRC can increase anti-erosion capacity of materials because its special reticulated structure can control the deformation of materials and strengthen the stability of integral structure.

PBO fibers/fluorine-containing liquid crystal compound modified cyanate ester wave-transparent laminated composites with excellent mechanical and flame retardance properties

Bisphenol A dicyanate ester resins modified by fluorine-containing liquid crystal compound(LCFE)are applied as polymer matrix(LCFE-BADCy),poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole)(PBO)fibers as rein-forcements,and fluorine/adamantane PBO precursor(pre FABPBO)as interfacial compatibilizer to prepare the corresponding PBO fibers/FABPBO/LCFE-BADCy wave-transparent laminated composites.LCFE could improve the order degree of BADCy cured network,in favor of enhancing the wave-transparent perfor-mance,mechanical properties,and intrinsic thermal conductivity.The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of PBO fibers/FABPBO/LCFE-BADCy composites are highly temperature(25–200℃)and frequency(10^(4)–10^(7) Hz and 8.2–12.4 GHz)stable with the value of 2.49 and 0.003 under 10^(6) Hz at 25℃,and the corresponding wave transmission efficiency is 95.0%,higher than that of 92.5%for PBO fibers/BADCy com-posites.The interlamellar shear strength and flexural strength are respectively 50.7 MPa and 682.5 MPa,38.1%and 16.2%higher than those of PBO fibers/BADCy composites.Besides,the volume resistivity,breakdown voltage,heat resistance index,glass transition temperature,flame retardant grade,and ul-timate oxygen index of PBO fibers/FABPBO/LCFE-BADCy composites are respectively 5.3×10^(15)Ωcm,29.75 kV/mm,217.2℃,245.7℃,V-1 grade,and 33.6%,expected to be performed as a new generation of“lightweight/loading/wave-transparent”electromagnetic window materials in advanced military weapons and civil communication base station.

Effect of Hybridization on the Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber/Kenaf Phenolic Hybrid Composites

In this study,pineapple leaf fiber(PALF),kenaf fiber(KF)and PALF/KF/phenolic(PF)composites were fabricated and their mechanical properties were investigated.The mechanical properties(tensile,flexural and impact)of the PALF/KF/PF hybrid composites were investigated and compared with PALF/KF composites.The 3P7K exhibited enhanced tensile strength(46.96 MPa)and modulus(6.84 GPa),flexural strength(84.21 MPa)and modulus(5.81 GPa),and impact strength(5.39 kJ/m2)when compared with the PALF/PF and KF/PF composites.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe the fracture surfaces of the tensile testing samples.The microstructure of the 7P3K hybrid composite showed good interfacial bonding and the addition of KF improved the interfacial strength.It has been concluded that the 3P7K ratio allowed obtaining materials with better mechanical properties(tensile,flexural and impact strengths)than PALF/PF and KF/PF composites.The results obtained in this study will be used for further comparative study of untreated hybrid composites with treated hybrid composites.

Effect of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Using Resin Impregnation

In this paper, we deals with mechanical performance of resin impregnation with natural fiber and fiber reinforced composites. The effect of the addition of a rein impregnation process on static strength of the injection molded composites was investigated by carrying out tensile and banding tests, followed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of fiber surface and fracture surface of composites. The tensile strength of natural fiber and natural fiber reinforced composites with resin impregnation method increases with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) impregnation. In addition, Phenol resin impregnation recovers fiber tensile strength after alkali treatment. Resin impregnation causes decrease in contact surface area;however, it does not cause decrease in mechanical properties. Our results suggest that the using rein impregnation method has better effect on the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced Polypropylene (PP) composites.

Study of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene Effect on Resin Impregnated Bamboo Fiber Polypropylene Composit

Previously, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and phenolic resin were used for resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced PP composites which was manufactures for resin impregnated bamboo fiber with polypropylene (PP). Resin impregnation method can show improvement on tensile strength of fiber. However, to reduce the contact surface area and low inter-facial shear strength (IFSS) between impregnated resin and matrix, using 40% weight fraction of bamboo fiber in PP matrix, PVA impregnated composites with mean flexural and tensile strength 10% higher than untreated composites were produced butphenolic resin impregnated fiber reinforced composition’s mechanical properties were decreased. In this study maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used to increase interfacial shear strength between resin impregnated fiber and PP. With 10% MAPP, IFSS between resin impregnated fiber and PP increased more than 100% and reinforced composites. MAPP with untreated, phenolic resin and PVA impregnated cases showed similar mechanical properties. Yet in water absorption test, the PVA treatment with bamboo/PP composites increased water absorption ratio. But with 10% MAPP, matrix PP water absorption ratio decreased like phenolic resin impregnated fiber reinforced composites. 10% MAPP with resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced PP composites can improve IFSS, mechanical properties of composite and can decrease water absorption PVA resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced composites.

纤维表面处理对PBO/环氧界面性能的影响

为提高PBO纤维/环氧树脂的剪切强度,采用聚合物涂层法对PBO纤维进行表面改性。通过NOL环复合材料层间剪切强度测试,研究不同浓度的表面涂层处理液、不同浸渍工艺对复合材料层间剪切强度的影响。结果表明:PBO纤维表面经不同涂层处理液处理后,层间剪切强度均高于未经表面处理的;当PBO纤维经过以涂层A为一浴浸渍液、涂层B为二浴浸渍液的两次浸渍工艺处理后,层间剪切强度最高,比未经表面处理的提高了61%。

环氧树脂/PBO纤维复合材料性能研究

对环氧树脂(EP)/聚对苯撑苯并二恶唑(PBO)纤维复合材料的性能进行初步研究。结果表明,用浓度70%的甲基磺酸(MSA)溶液对PBO纤维表面进行处理,可改善PBO纤维与EP基体的粘结强度,但同时使PBO纤维的拉伸性能降低;对PBO纤维处理2h后,以胺类固化剂固化的EP/PBO纤维复合材料的层间剪切强度比处理前提高41%,以酸酐固化剂固化的EP/PBO纤维复合材料的层间剪切强度比处理前提高48%;前者的层间剪切强度大于后者。

Ablation Performance of a Novel Super-hybrid Composite

A novel super-hybrid composite (NSHC) was boron-modified phenolic resin (BPR) with three-dimensional reticulated SiC ceramic (3DRC) and high silica fibers. Ablation performance of the NSHC was studied. The results show that the linear ablation rate of NSHC was lower than that of pure BPR and the high silica/BPR composite. Its linear ablation rate is 1/17 of the high silica/BPR. Mass ablation rate of the NSHC is very close to that of the pure BPR and the high silica/BPR composite. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicates that 3DRC has scarcely changed its shape at the ablation temperature. Its special reticulated structure can restrict the materials deformation and prevent high velocity heat flow from eroding the surface of the materials largely and thus increase ablation resistance of the NSHC.

酚醛树脂/PBO纤维单向复合材料的制备及性能

利用聚对苯撑苯并双恶唑(PBO)纤维与酚醛树脂制备先进复合材料,研究该单向复合材料的层间剪切性能、弯曲性能、冲击性能和动态力学性能,并分析该复合材料的吸湿脱湿行为和热氧老化行为。酚醛树脂/PBO纤维单向复合材料的层间剪切强度为21.25 MPa,弯曲强度为439.53 MPa,弯曲弹性模量为50.11 GPa。

PBO纤维增强复合泡沫绝缘材料的制备及性能研究

为了提高支柱复合绝缘子芯体用复合泡沫材料的强度,使用聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维增强复合泡沫材料,通过研究不同含量PBO纤维对复合泡沫材料热学、力学和绝缘性能的影响,确定适合于内绝缘应用的纤维含量。结果表明:PBO纤维的加入赋予了复合泡沫材料抵抗冲击破坏的能力,当PBO纤维质量分数为0.4%时,复合泡沫材料落锤冲击试验吸收的能量达到最高;PBO纤维的加入能够降低材料的热膨胀率,提升热稳定性,降低潜在的热应力风险,且对复合泡沫材料的内绝缘性能影响不大。

湿热老化对PBO纤维/环氧树脂单向复合材料弯曲性能的影响

研究了在湿热老化过程中,PBO纤维/环氧树脂单向复合材料弯曲性能的变化规律,发现PBO纤维/环氧树脂复合材料具有不同于一般的纤维增强树脂复合材料的湿热老化特点。研究发现PBO纤维/环氧树脂单向复合材料在湿热老化过程中,相比温度而言,湿度对复合材料弯曲性能的影响更为显著,复合材料在老化过程中吸水率增加的同时,弯曲性能相应降低。其主要原因在于PBO纤维的表面为化学惰性,表面形貌光滑,与环氧树脂浸润性不好,界面粘接力主要是较弱的范德华力。在湿热老化过程中,水分的吸收和渗透造成PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体之间的界面的破坏,构成了该类复合材料独特的湿热老化特性。

防热复合材料湿热老化行为与贮存寿命研究

目的研究装备用防热复合材料在贮存条件下的性能变化规律和寿命评估。方法在90℃/90%RH、80℃/90%RH、70℃/90%RH和80℃/80%RH共4个试验条件下,对玻璃纤维增强酚醛树脂防热复合材料开展加速湿热老化试验,借助红外光谱分析、扫描电镜、导热系数和力学性能测试研究老化过程中材料的质量、导热系数、力学性能、化学组分、微观形貌的变化规律,使用Peck模型对材料的贮存寿命进行计算。结果材料在老化初期吸湿后,质量快速增加,吸湿趋于饱和后,质量达到最大值。随着老化时间的延长,材料的质量呈缓慢下降趋势。不同湿热条件下,材料的导热系数未出现性能退化现象,材料的拉伸强度均出现退化现象,老化温度越高,性能下降越明显。在90℃/90%RH条件下,老化时间为80d时,材料强度大约下降到初始性能的53.4%。湿热老化过程中,红外光谱中960cm^(‒1)处特征峰逐渐减弱,直至完全消失,1098cm^(‒1)处特征峰相对强度逐渐变强。湿热老化后,材料部分玻璃纤维与基体间界面有微裂纹产生,拉伸断裂后,大部分纤维从树脂基体中拔出,表面平整光滑,黏连树脂较少。结论防热复合材料的老化是由氧化反应的化学老化与湿热条件导致界面脱黏、基体开裂、微裂纹等物理老化综合作用的结果。防热复合材料在20℃/60%RH条件的贮存寿命为36.3a,满足实际构件的设计寿命。

石墨烯/酚醛复合纤维的制备及性能

石墨烯纤维是新一代柔性器件的潜力电极材料,制备同时具有良好力学性能和电化学性能的石墨烯基复合纤维是研究的重点。以改良的Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯为基体,酚醛树脂为增强体,冰乙酸为凝固浴,通过非液晶湿法纺丝的方法制备了石墨烯/酚醛复合纤维,并对得到的石墨烯/酚醛复合纤维的表面形貌、力学性能和电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明,酚醛树脂通过氢键与石墨烯片层相结合,从而减少石墨烯片层间的堆叠,使复合纤维的表面褶皱丰富且均匀。通过调控酚醛树脂的含量,可以得到具有不同表面褶皱程度的复合纤维。随着酚醛树脂用量的增加,纺丝液浓度增大,挤出胀大现象明显,复合纤维片层间隙增大,表面沟壑加深,缺陷增加。石墨烯/酚醛复合纤维的拉伸强度随着酚醛树脂用量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,酚醛树脂用量为10%时纤维的拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量分别为65.53 MPa和672.91 MPa。得益于表面丰富均匀的褶皱,在电流密度为0.2 A/cm^(3)时,氧化石墨烯∶酚醛为100∶10时体积比电容为583.4 F/cm^(3),远高于纯石墨烯纤维。

碳纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料热解特性研究

使用热重-差热同步分析仪研究了某飞机框架部位用碳纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料在不同气氛和不同升温速率条件下的热分解特性。结果表明:在空气气氛下碳纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料热解反应分为3个阶段,在氮气气氛下热解反应分为2个阶段;随着升温速率的提高,氮气气氛下复合材料热解的初始分解温度、第2阶段起始温度都随着升温速率的提高而增加,2个阶段的热解温度范围都逐渐变宽且每一阶段的温度范围都要高于前一个热解阶段,最大失重速率温度也向高温方向移动,相同温度下失重明显变大。采用Kissnger法、FWO法、Starink法对碳纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的热解动力学进行计算,得到其表观活化能。

竹纤维增强同源生物油改性酚醛树脂复合材料的创制

纤维增强树脂复合材料具有轻量化、高性能的优点,在航空航天、风电等行业有着广泛的应用。在“以竹代塑”背景下,以竹纤维和竹材衍生物为原料制造绿色复合材料成为竹材加工利用的热点方向。本研究分别采用竹纤维和生物油酚醛树脂来替代玻璃纤维和石化原料酚醛树脂,制备出了竹纤维增强生物油酚醛树脂复合材料,重点研究了不同固化剂对树脂固化性能的影响,并基于正交试验对复合材料的手糊工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明:(1)成功制备了可中低温固化的生物油酚醛树脂,树脂粘度300 mPa·s,固体含量45.15%,pH值10.91;使用的复配固化剂优化质量配比为m(对甲苯磺酸)∶m(盐酸)∶m(磷酸)∶m(无水乙醇)=10∶1∶2∶4,适宜添加量为5%,凝胶时间为26 min,较好地满足手糊法制备复合材料的工艺要求。(2)在纤维/树脂比例40%、固化时间5 h、固化温度70℃的工艺参数下,制备的复合材料弯曲强度达到105.57 MPa,拉伸强度为62.48 MPa,力学性能较优。所创制的新型竹纤维增强同源生物油改性酚醛树脂复合材料具有绿色低碳、轻质高强的特点,有望应用在竹质建筑、家居、板材、汽车/高铁内饰等建筑建材类和工业生产类代塑领域。

有机硅改性酚醛树脂气凝胶及其复合材料的制备与性能

纤维增强酚醛树脂气凝胶复合材料由于其低密度、低导热和优异的热稳定性而在高温热防护领域备受关注。为满足日益苛刻的热防护服役环境,通过水解法原位共聚将硅烷链段引入酚醛树脂,制备了一种具有优异抗氧化和耐烧蚀性能的硅改性酚醛气凝胶,并将其与石英纤维复合,得到纤维增强杂化酚醛气凝胶复合材料。性能测试表明:在1300℃丁烷火焰下处理15 s后,纤维增强杂化酚醛气凝胶复合材料质量烧蚀率为0.0879 g/s,线性烧蚀率为0.0347 mm/s,对比纯酚醛气凝胶复合材料分别下降了52.0%和15.6%;在40 kW石英灯下加热20 min后,质量烧蚀率为0.230 g/min,线性烧蚀率为0.051 mm/min,对比纯酚醛气凝胶复合材料分别下降了57.9%和67.3%。结果显示硅烷链段的引入提高了复合材料的抗氧化性能和耐烧蚀性能,该纤维增强杂化酚醛气凝胶复合材料在航空航天热防护领域具有广阔的应用前景。

碳纤维增强木质素基酚醛树脂复合材料的制备及其性能

采用碱催化酚化的方式增加木质素反应活性以替代苯酚,用于制备酚醛树脂及碳纤维增强木质素基酚醛树脂复合材料,探讨了碱催化酚化工艺条件对木质素结构的影响,表征了不同取代比的木质素基酚醛树脂的结构,以及碳纤维增强木质素基酚醛树脂复合材料的形貌和力学性能。结果表明:经碱催化酚化的木质素反应活性明显增加,最佳工艺条件为温度90℃,时间90 min,碱用量4%(w);木质素基酚醛树脂与传统酚醛树脂结构相似,当木质素替代率为30%(w)时,可获得弯曲性能和层间剪切强度高的碳纤维增强木质素基酚醛树脂复合材料。

复合增强型岩棉板的研发

以岩棉裸板为基材,配以专用的酚醛树脂(粘结剂)和无机玻纤毡,将表面处理后的带胶玻纤毡与岩棉板基体通过在线固化烘干工艺制备出复合增强型岩棉板。重点研究了复合增强型岩棉板的施工性能以及对岩棉板力学性能指标的影响。结果表明,复合增强型岩棉板在力学性能上得到显著提升,且板面的平整性、洁净性、耐磨性更为良好,更便于施工使用。