PCR-RFLP Polymorphism of ANGPTL4 Gene in Guizhou Yellow Cattle

[ Objective] The paper was to study the genetic effects of ANGPTIA gene in Guizhou yellow cattle. [ Method ] The polymorphisms of ANGPT/A gene in 46 individuals of Guarding yellow cattle and Sinan yellow cattle were detected using PCR-RFLP assay. [Result] A fragment of 260 bp was amplified from AN- GPTIA gene. After digestion by restriction endonuclease MluCl, two genotypes, AA and AB, were produced whereas BB genotype was not found. A mutation of 205T→C was observed through sequencing of different genotypes. AA genotype was dominant in both yellow cattle breeds, and A allele frequency was higher than B allele frequency. X2 test results showed that the two cattle breeds were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state in the digestion site （ P 〉 0.05 ）. [Condusion] The effective molecular markers of Guizbou yellow cattle, such as growth trait and intramuscular fat content, are obtained, which will provide a theoretical basis for mo- lecular breeding of meat performance of Guizhou yellow cattle.

Relationship between the rs2241766 ADIPOQ Polymorphism in a Black African Population and the Occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. This pathology is linked to various genes whose interaction with the environment promotes its development. The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between the rs2241766 (T/G) polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene with type 2 diabetes in the black population. Material and Methods: This work was a case-control study, involving type 2 diabetics subjects (n = 94) and controls (n = 82). The study took place from September 2022 to September 2023. Patients were recruited in the Endocrinology Department of the Libreville University Hospital Center. Analysis was performed in the Biochemistry laboratory of the University of Health Sciences in Libreville and at the Research Institute of Health Sciences of Bobodioulasso. Genomic DNA was extracted using the protocol Qiagen kit and the PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the rs2241766 (T/G) polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene. Results: Only 2 genotypes were found in this population, the TT genotype and the GT genotype. The proportions were not different between the two groups (p = 0.1095) neither the distribution of G and T alleles (p = 0.1095). On the other hand, the HDL hypocholesterolemia was frequent in subjects with the GT genotype compared to TT heterozygous (51.1% vs 48.9%, p = 0.0280;OR = 0.55 [0.30 - 1.01]). Conclusion: There was no association between the rs2241766 (T/G) variant of the ADIPOQ gene and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in this population. On the other hand, a relationship between HDL hypocholesterolemia and the GT genotype has been established.

Single nucleotide polymorphism within chromosome 8q24 is associated with prostate cancer development in Saudi Arabia

Objective: Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important risk factors for the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Preliminary studies have suggested that the incidence of PCa in Saudi males is low but is probably familial or genetically related.Methods: To identify any possible association of SNP with PCa development in Saudi patients, we investigated a group of SNPs in Saudi PCa patients (n=85) and compared the outcomes to healthy normal controls (n=115) and nodular hyperplasia patients (n=120). DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded formalin fixed tissue or whole blood from both patients’ groups and healthy control group. A total of thirteen SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan® minor groove binder polymerase chain reaction assay.Results: The rs16901979A, s629242T and rs1447295A alleles were found at significantly higher frequency in PCa patients than controls (p< 0.05). The rs16901979 CA genotype was found at significantly greater frequency in PCa patients than in healthy controls (43% vs. 14%, odds ratio=4.6, p=0.0001) and benign hyperplasia group (43% vs. 25%, odds ratio=2.2, p=0.009).Conclusion: Our study has highlighted the association of rs16901979 SNP with PCa in Saudi males. Such findings have important implications in the PCa diagnosis and in screening unaffected family members of Saudi patients.

Research on the Correlation Between rs2110385 Polymorphisms of the Visfatin Gene and Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Objective:To investigate the association between rs2110385 polymorphisms of the visfatin gene and the risk of type 2 diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods:172 Han subjects were selected from Xi’an Shaanxi Province;140 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and 32 normal controls(NC)were selected from our hospital.Patients with diabetes were divided into a non-DR group(T2DM)(n=69)and a nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy Group(DR)(n=71)after dilated fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography.rs2110385/AluⅠgenotypes were detected by standardized polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP),and the differences in the detection rates of different genotypes in the above populations were compared.Results:1)The visfatin level in the DR Group was significantly higher than that in the NC and T2DM groups(P<0.05).2)The frequency of GG genotype and G allele of rs2110385 in the DR Group were higher than those in the T2DM and NC groups(80.3,69.6,50.0,86.6,79,65.6,P<0.05).3)There were significant differences in allele frequency and genotype frequency distribution of rs2110385 between the DR Group and the NC group(P<0.01).Conclusion:Visfatin increased in the nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group and could be a potential indicator for the clinical prediction of DR.The G allele of the rs2110385 polymorphic site may be related to the risk of DR.

Distribution of gene polymorphisms associated with aspirin antiplatelet in the Han NSTEMI population

Objective:To analyze the genotype and allele distribution characteristics of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918),PEAR1(rs12041331),and PTGS1(rs10306114)genes related to the antiplatelet pharmacological effects of aspirin,providing reference for individualized treatment of Chinese Han NSTEMI patients.Methods:A total of 107 Han patients with NSTEMI in Beijing Luhe Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The genotypes of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918),PEAR1(rs12041331)and PTGS1(rs10306114)were detected by fluorescence staining in situ hybridization.The frequency distribution and allele distribution of genotype were analyzed.The results were analyzed whether there were statistical differences in the distribution of related alleles between the Han NSTEMI population and some populations in the 1000 Genomes database.Results:In the Han NSTEMI population,the genotype frequencies of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)locus were TT 97.20%,TC 2.80%and CC 0%,the allele frequencies were T 98.60%and C 1.40%.The genotype frequencies of PEAR1(rs12041331)locus were GG 42.06%,GA 44.86%and AA 13.08%,the allele frequencies were G 64.49%and A 35.51%.The genotypes at the PTGS1(rs10306114)locus were all AA(100%),no AG or GG genotype was found.Conclusion:In the NSTEMI population of Han nationality,the mutation at GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)site related to aspirin antiplatelet pharmacology is rare,and there is no mutation at PTGS1(rs10306114)site.Wild homozygotes are dominant in these two gene loci,while mutations in PEAR1(rs12041331)are more common.Some of the findings in this study are similar to those in previous reports or other populations included in the relevant database;however,some results differ from previous reports or other populations。

KCNQ1 rs2237895 gene polymorphism increases susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asian populations

BACKGROUND The association of single nucleotide polymorphism of KCNQ1 gene rs2237895 with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is currently controversial.It is unknown whether this association can be gene realized across different populations.AIM To determine the association of KCNQ1 rs2237895 with T2DM and provide reliable evidence for genetic susceptibility to T2DM.METHODS We searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Medline,Baidu Academic,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Biomedical Literature Database,and Wanfang to investigate the association between KCNQ1 gene rs2237895 and the risk of T2DM up to January 12,2022.Review Manager 5.4 was used to analyze the association of the KCNQ1 gene rs2237895 polymorphism with T2DM and to evaluate the publication bias of the selected literature.RESULTS Twelve case–control studies(including 11273 cases and 11654 controls)met our inclusion criteria.In the full population,allelic model[odds ratio(OR):1.19;95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.09–1.29;P<0.0001],recessive model(OR:1.20;95%CI:1.11–1.29;P<0.0001),dominant model(OR:1.27.95%CI:1.14–1.42;P<0.0001),and codominant model(OR:1.36;95%CI:1.15–1.60;P=0.0003)(OR:1.22;95%CI:1.10–1.36;P=0.0002)indicated that the KCNQ1 gene rs2237895 polymorphism was significantly correlated with susceptibility to T2DM.In stratified analysis,this association was confirmed in Asian populations:allelic model(OR:1.25;95%CI:1.13–1.37;P<0.0001),recessive model(OR:1.29;95%CI:1.11–1.49;P=0.0007),dominant model(OR:1.35;95%CI:1.20–1.52;P<0.0001),codominant model(OR:1.49;95%CI:1.22–1.81;P<0.0001)(OR:1.26;95%CI:1.16–1.36;P<0.0001).In non-Asian populations,this association was not significant:Allelic model(OR:1.06,95%CI:0.98–1.14;P=0.12),recessive model(OR:1.04;95%CI:0.75–1.42;P=0.83),dominant model(OR:1.06;95%CI:0.98–1.15;P=0.15),codominant model(OR:1.08;95%CI:0.82–1.42;P=0.60.OR:1.15;95%CI:0.95–1.39;P=0.14).CONCLUSION KCNQ1 gene rs2237895 was significantly associated with susceptibility to T2DM in an Asian population.Carriers of the C allele had a higher risk of T2DM.This association was not significant in non-Asian populations.

Interaction between catechol-O-methyltransferase Val/Met polymorphism and cognitive reserve for negative symptoms in schizophrenia

BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve(CR)and the catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT)Val/Met polymorphism are reportedly linked to negative symptoms in schizophrenia.However,the regulatory effect of the COMT genotype on the relationship between CR and negative symptoms is still unexamined.AIM To investigate whether the relationship between CR and negative symptoms could be regulated by the COMT Val/Met polymorphism.METHODS In a cross-sectional study,54 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia underwent assessments for the COMT genotype,CR,and negative symptoms.CR was estimated using scores in the information and similarities subtests of a short form of the Chinese version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.RESULTS COMT Met-carriers exhibited fewer negative symptoms than Val homozygotes.In the total sample,significant negative correlations were found between negative symptoms and information,similarities.Associations between information,similarities and negative symptoms were observed in Val homozygotes only,with information and similarities showing interaction effects with the COMT genotype in relation to negative symptoms(information,β=-0.282,95%CI:-0.552 to-0.011,P=0.042;similarities,β=-0.250,95%CI:-0.495 to-0.004,P=0.046).CONCLUSION This study provides initial evidence that the association between negative symptoms and CR is under the regulation of the COMT genotype in schizophrenia.

Association between Gene Polymorphisms and SNP-SNP Interactions of the Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Signaling Pathway and the Risk of Vascular Senescence

Objective This study aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)in the matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)signaling pathway and the risk of vascular senescence(VS).Methods In this cross-sectional study,between May and November 2022,peripheral venous blood of151 VS patients(case group)and 233 volunteers(control group)were collected.Fourteen SNPs were identified in five genes encoding the components of the MMP-2 signaling pathway,assessed through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(cf PWV),and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.The multigene influence on the risk of VS was assessed using multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR)and generalized multifactor dimensionality regression(GMDR)modeling.Results Within the multivariate logistic regression models,four SNPs were screened to have significant associations with VS:chemokine(C-C motif)ligand 2(CCL2)rs4586,MMP2 rs14070,MMP2rs7201,and MMP2 rs1053605.Carriers of the T/C genotype of MMP2 rs14070 had a 2.17-fold increased risk of developing VS compared with those of the C/C genotype,and those of the T/T genotype had a19.375-fold increased risk.CCL2 rs4586 and MMP-2 rs14070 exhibited the most significant interactions.Conclusion CCL2 rs4586,MMP-2 rs14070,MMP-2 rs7201,and MMP-2 rs1053605 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of VS.

Association of vitamin D and polymorphisms of its receptor with antiviral therapy in pregnant women with hepatitis B

BACKGROUND The interruption of mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)is considered important to decrease the individual and population morbidity of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection as well as the global burden of hepatitis B.Serum vitamin D(VD)is associated with hepatitis B.AIM To assess whether baseline VD levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the VD receptor gene(VDR SNPs)are associated with the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)in the prevention of MTCT in pregnant women with high HBV viral loads.METHODS Thirty-eight pregnant women who were at high risk for MTCT of HBV(those with an HBV DNA level≥2×10^(5)IU/mL during 12-24 wk of gestation)receiving antiviral therapy of TDF between June 1,2019 and June 30,2021 in Mianyang were included in this retrospective study.The women received 300 mg TDF once daily from gestational weeks 24-28 until 3 mo after delivery.To further characterize the clinical relevance of maternal serum HBV DNA levels,we stratified patients according to HBV DNA level as follows:Those with levels<2×10_(5)(full responder group)vs those levels≥2×10^(5)IU/mL(partial responder group)at delivery.Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D],liver function markers,virological parameters,VDR SNPs and other clinical parameters were collected to analyze their association with the efficacy of TDF.The Mann-Whitney U test or t test was used to analyze the serum levels of 25(OH)D in different groups.Multiple linear regressions were utilized to analyze the determinants of the maternal HBV DNA level at delivery.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the association of targeted antiviral effects with various characteristics at baseline and delivery.RESULTS A total of 38 pregnant women in Mianyang City at high risk for MTCT of HBV were enrolled in the study.The MTCT rate was 0%.No mother achieved hepatitis B e antigen or hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance at delivery.Twenty-three(60.5%)participants were full responders,and 15(39.5%)participants were partial responders according to antiviral efficacy.The present study showed that a high percentage(76.3%)of pregnant women with high HBV viral loads had deficient(<20 ng/mL)or insufficient(≥20 but<31 ng/mL)VD levels.Serum 25(OH)D levels in partial responders appeared to be significantly lower than those in full responders both at baseline(25.44±9.42 vs 17.66±5.34 ng/mL,P=0.006)and delivery(26.76±8.59 vs 21.24±6.88 ng/mL,P=0.044).Serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with maternal HBV DNA levels[log(10)IU/mL]at delivery after TDF therapy(r=-0.345,P=0.034).In a multiple linear regression analysis,maternal HBV DNA levels were associated with baseline maternal serum 25(OH)D levels(P<0.0001,β=-0.446),BMI(P=0.03,β=-0.245),baseline maternal log10 HBsAg levels(P=0.05,β=0.285)and cholesterol levels at delivery(P=0.015,β=0.341).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline serum 25(OH)D levels(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.04-1.44),maternal VDR Cdx2 TT(OR=0.09,95%CI:0.01-0.88)and cholesterol levels at delivery(OR=0.39,95%CI:0.17-0.87)were associated with targeted antiviral effects(maternal HBV DNA levels<2×10^(5) at delivery).CONCLUSION Maternal VD levels and VDR SNPs may be associated with the efficacy of antiviral therapy in pregnant women with high HBV viral loads.Future studies to evaluate the therapeutic value of VD and its analogs in reducing the MTCT of HBV may be justified.

Relationship between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria

BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease is one of the common complications of type 2 diabetes(T2D).There are no typical symptoms in the early stage,and the disease will progress to moderate and late stage when albuminuria reaches a high level.Treatment is difficult and the prognosis is poor.At present,the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease is still unclear,and it is believed that it is associated with genetic and environmental factors.AIM To explore the relationship between the glucokinase regulatory protein(GCKR)gene rs780094 polymorphism and T2D with albuminuria.METHODS We selected 252 patients(126 males and 126 females)with T2D admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to October 2020,and 66 healthy people(44 females and 22 males).According to the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,the subjects were divided into group I(control),group II(T2D with normoalbuminuria),group III(T2D with microalbuminuria),and group IV(T2D with macroalbuminuria).Additionly,the subjects were divided into group M(normal group)or group N(albuminuria group)according to whether they developed albuminuria.We detected the GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism(C/T)of all subjects,and measured the correlation between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism(C/T)and T2D with albuminuria.RESULTS Gene distribution and genotype distribution among groups I-IV accorded with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Genotype frequency was significantly different among the four groups (P = 0.048, χ^(2)= 7.906). T allele frequency in groups II, III, and IV was significantly higherthan that in group I. Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for T2D with albuminuria showed that the CT +TT genotype (odds ratio = 1.710, 95% confidence interval: 1.172-2.493) was a risk factor.CONCLUSION CT + TT genotype is a risk factor for T2D with albuminuria. In the future, we can assess the risk of individualscarrying susceptible genes to delay the onset of T2D.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF)-308G/A and Interleukin 8(IL-8)-251C/T Polymorphisms in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients from Congo

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases. Tumor necrosis factor-Alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary TB (PTB). However, the contribution of polymorphisms of these cytokines to PTB susceptibility needed more investigation across geographic regions and ethnic groups. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the TNF-α-308 G/A and IL-8-251T/A polymorphisms with PTB risk in the Congolese population. Methods: This case-control study included 150 PTB patients and 160 control subjects. Blood samples were collected from all participants and were used for the TNF-α-308 G/A and IL-8-251T/A genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to estimate the potential polymorphism associations. A P level of Results: A significant difference was found between PTB patients and controls regarding the TNF-α-308AA genotype (P = 0.035) distribution. Moreover, this genotype was associated with risk to TB (OR = 7.19, 95% CI = 0.85 - 60.65, P = 0.035). The A allele was significantly more frequent in PTB patients than in controls, and was associated with risk to PTB (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.05 - 2.68, P = 0.014). Regarding the IL-8-251T/A gene, TA and AA genotypes were significantly more frequent in PTB patients compared to controls, and were associated with increased risk to PTB (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 0.97 - 7.18, P = 0.031 and OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.13 - 7.98, P = 0.014, respectively). However, the IL-8-251 A allele was not associated to PTB susceptibility (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.15 - 0.44). Conclusion: TNF-α-308G/A and IL-8-251T/A polymorphisms may be associated to PTB susceptibility in the Congolese population, and the AA genotype of both cytokines could be a risk factor.

Maternal TMPRSS6 Gene Polymorphism rs855791SNP in Women with Preeclampsia

Introduction: Preeclampsia can lead to several maternal and perinatal adverse effects. There are few published data on the association between transmembrane serine protease 6 (TMPRSS6) gene polymorphism and preeclampsia. Objective: To assess the association between TMPRSS6 gene polymorphism rs855791SNP in women with preeclampsia compared with healthy pregnant women. Method: A case-control study (60 women in each arm) was conducted at Saad Abuaela Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. Sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered through a questionnaire. The participant was genotype for TMPRSS6 gene rs855791SNP using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Result: There was no significant difference in the median of age, parity, and body mass index. The distribution of the genotypes and alleles of TMPRSS6 rs855791 was consistent with the HWE. The overall TMPRSS6 rs855791 polymorphism was not significantly associated with preeclampsia. However, the proportion of heterozygotes (TC) was considerably higher in the women with preeclampsia (46.7%) than in the control group (23.3%) (p = 0.001;OR = 2.71;95% CI = 1.21 - 6.07). The proportion of homozygotes (TT) and T alleles was not significantly different between women with preeclampsia and the control group. Conclusion: The overall TMPRSS6 rs855791 polymorphism was not significantly associated with preeclampsia and healthy control.

Association between the TP53 Arg72Pro Polymorphisms and Gastric Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Re-Analysis of Systematic Meta-Analyses

Background: A latest Meta-analysis on TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism with gastric cancer (GC) risk was published in 2015 including 20 literatures, while our study included 43 studies. Moreover, the results of previously published original studies were inconsistent and the credibility of the significant correlation between the statistical results has been ignored. Therefore, an updated Meta-analysis was conducted to further explore these associations. Objective: To explore whether these two gene polymorphisms are related to the risk, clinical manifestations, and pathological features of GC. Methods: We searched several Chinese and English databases. The crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the correlation. In addition, false positive reporting probability (FPRP), bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP), and Venice criteria were used to assess the reliability of statistically significant correlation. Results: Overall, the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was related to a significantly increased GC risk (AP vs. AA: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.24;PP + AP vs. AA: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.24;P vs. A: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.00 - 1.15). However, after excluding the low quality and Hardy–Weinberg Disequilibrium (HWD) studies, significant changes were found on the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism with GC risk in Caucasians (PP vs. AA: OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.01 - 2.16) and non-gastric cancer control groups (PP vs. AP + AA: OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.07 - 1.64)). However, the above significant results were considered unreliable after being adjusted with Bayesian error detection probability (BFDP) and false positive reporting probability (FPRP). These unreliable results were confirmed again, and no new reliable results were found in the further sensitivity analysis (only studies that met the quality assessment criteria). Conclusions: After considering the quality of the study and the reliability of the results, this Meta-analysis showed that TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms had no significant correlation with GC risk. Because of various confounding factors, the result that these polymorphisms increase GC risk is more likely to be a false positive result.

Research Progress on MTHFR C677T and A1298C Gene Polymorphisms and Gastrointestinal Tumors

Tumours of the digestive system include a number of malignant tumours such as oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers, which have the highest incidence and mortality rates in the world. Their occurrence is related to a variety of factors, such as diet, environment and genetics. As a key enzyme in the process of folate metabolism, MTHFR gene polymorphism plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of gastrointestinal tumours. This paper provides a brief review of the relationship between MTHFR polymorphisms and digestive tumours, with a view to identifying the genetic effects of MTHFR, exploring the pathogenesis of digestive tract tumours and developing more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Do PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M polymorphisms modify the effects of hypoxic training on paraoxonase and arylesterase activity?

Background:Low levels of antioxidant paraoxonase 1(PON 1)enzyme activity,PON1-Q192R polymorphism(a glutamine(Q)to arginine(R)substitution at position 192),PON1-L55M polymorphism(a leucine(L)to methionine(M)substitution at position 55),and oxidized low-density lipoprotein(oxLDL)are risk factors for coronary heart disease.Aerobic exercise improves PON1 activity,but the effects of hypoxic exercise are yet unclear.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hypoxic underwater rugby training on PON1 activity and oxLDL levels and the role of the mentioned polymorphisms.Methods:Serum PON1 and arylesterase activities(ARE),PON1,PON3,and oxLDL protein levels(by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays)were determined in an athletic group(42 trained male underwater rugby players;age=21.7±4.2 years,mean±SD)and a control group(43 sedentary men;age=23.9±3.2 years).The polymorphisms were determined from genomic DNA samples.Results:PON1 activity(25.1%,p=0.052),PON3(p<0.001),and oxLDL(p<0.001)of the athletic group,including most genotype groups,were higher than those of the control group.In comparison to the controls,PON1 activity levels(p=0.005)of the PON1-Q192R homozygote QQ genotype group and PON1 activity levels(30%,p=0.116)of the PON1-L55M homozygote LL genotype group were higher,whereas ARE activity values of athletic R allele carrier(Rc=QR+RR)(p=0.005)and LL group(p=0.002)were lower than the control genotype groups related to their polymorphisms.Conclusion:Hypoxic training can cause(1)significant oxidative stress,including oxLDL,and an antioxidant response(increase in PON1 activity and PON3),(2)differences in the activity of PON1 and ARE,which are modified by PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M polymorphisms,respectively,and(3)improvements in PON1 activity of QQ and LL groups.However,hypoxic training can cause a disadvantage of LL and Rc groups for ARE.

Association of Host Interferon-γ Gene Polymorphism with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pregnant Women of Bangladesh

Human toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Although T. gondii infection is generally asymptomatic for most of the immunocompetent adults, severe complications may occur particularly in pregnant women and immunocompromised individual. Host cell immunity plays a critical role in parasite differentiation and persistence in the host. Therefore, genetic polymorphism in the host immune genes, for instance interferon-γ gene could be linked with possibility of T. gondii infection. The objective of the study was to verify the link between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFN-γ gene of pregnant women and T. gondii infection through correlating with anthropometric and sociodemographic parameters. In this study, ninety-two (N = 92) pregnant women (16 - 40 years) and healthy controls (N = 95) with similar age ranges were included. Among them, 25% (n = 23) pregnant women were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies by Rapid Test Assay. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of IFN-γ +874T/A (rs2430561) SNPs were evaluated by using ARMS-PCR. The distribution of the A and T alleles in the specific position of the IFN-γ gene in the T. gondii-infected pregnant women and the control groups did not differ significantly, according to the data. However, we found a higher frequency (13.04%) of A/A genotype in T. gondii infected pregnant women as compared to non-infected individuals (8.70%), demonstrating that T. gondii infection susceptibility may be increased by homozygosity for the A allele. Further studies are to be needed to find out the link between host gene polymorphism and T. gondii infection in Bangladesh.

Relationship between the Polymorphism of the GSTP1 (rs1695) Gene and Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms of some Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) which encode the enzyme responsible for the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, have been associated with the risk of several pathologies that can progress to cancer such as Hepatitis B. This study aims to characterize the impact of the rs1695 polymorphism of GSTP1 gene among people with chronic Hepatitis B infection in Burkina Faso. Methods: rs1695 polymorphisms of GSTP1 gene genotyping was performed for 50 people infected with chronic Hepatitis B virus and 124 healthy people with the PCR-RFLP method. Conventional PCR was used for DNA amplification and Alw26I enzyme was used for enzymatic digestion. Results: The results show that the frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotypes are respectively 31.00%, 36.80% and 32.20% in general the study population with a mutation rate of 50.57%. However, the incidence of the AA, AG and GG genotypes are respectively 30.64%, 38.71% and 30.64% among people with chronic Hepatitis B virus infection and 32.00%, 32.00% and 36.00% among healthy people. In cases, the frequencies of the A and G alleles are 48.00% and 52.00% respectively, and in controls 50.00% each. No statistical difference was found by comparing genotypic and allelic frequencies between cases and controls (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study allowed us to determine the rate of GSTP1 rs1695 genotypes in the study population, cases and controls. From our analyses, GSTP1 rs1695 is not associated to chronic Hepatitis B virus infection in Ouagadougou.

Correlation between Toll-like Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Chinese Children

Objective Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome(INS)is the most common glomerular disease in children.Toll-like receptors(TLRs)have been reported to be associated with response to steroid treatment in children with INS.Nevertheless,the correlation between TLR genes and the progression of INS has not yet been clarified.The present study aimed to investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in TLR2,TLR4,and TLR9 with susceptibility to INS as well as the clinical phenotyping of steroid responsiveness in Chinese children with INS.Methods A total of 183 pediatric inpatients with INS were included and given standard steroid therapy.Based on their clinical response to steroids,the patients were classified into three groups:steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS),steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome(SDNS),and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS).A total of 100 healthy children were employed as controls.The blood genome DNA was extracted from each participant.Six SNPs(rs11536889,rs1927914,rs7869402,rs11536891,rs352140,and rs3804099)in TLR2,TLR4,and TLR9 were selected and detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction with next-generation sequencing to assess TLR gene polymorphisms.Results Among the 183 patients with INS,89(48.6%)had SSNS,73(39.9%)had SDNS,and 21(11.5%)had SRNS.No significant difference was found in the genotype distribution between healthy children and patients with INS.However,the genotype and allele frequencies of TLR4 rs7869402 were significantly different between SRNS and SSNS.Compared with patients with the C allele and CC genotype,patients with the T allele and CT genotype had an increased risk of SRNS.Conclusion TLR4 rs7869402 affected the steroid response in Chinese children with INS.It might be a predictor for the early detection of SRNS in this population.

Next-generation Sequencing of MHC Class Ⅰ Genes Reveals Trans-species Polymorphism in Eutropis multifasciata and Other Species of Scincidae

The genes of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC) encode cell surface proteins that are essential for adaptive immunity. MHC genes show the most prominent genetic diversity in vertebrates,reflecting the adaptation of populations to their evolving environment, population survival and reproduction. In the present study, we used nextgeneration sequencing(NGS) to study the loci polymorphism of exon 3 of the MHC class Ⅰ genes in an ovoviviparous skink, the many-lined sun skink,Eutropis multifasciata and five other species of Scincidae, to quantify genetic variation. In addition,we genotyped the same MHC class Ⅰ genes of E.multifasciata using clone sequencing, to directly compare the effectiveness of both analytical techniques for MHC genotyping. NGS detected 20MHC class Ⅰ alleles in E. multifasciata, and 2 to 15 alleles in the other five Scincidae species. However,clone sequencing detected only 15 of those MHC class Ⅰ alleles in E. multifasciata. In addition, transspecies polymorphism of MHC class Ⅰ genes was studied by constructing a phylogenetic tree using the gene sequences obtained by NGS. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MHC class I alleles were shared among different species of Scincidae with trans-species polymorphism, and did not exhibit specific genealogical inheritance. These results have important implications for understanding polymorphism interspecies diversity in the MHC genes of Scincidae, and the evolution of the MHC more broadly.

Involvement of CD40 (rs1883832) and MAP3K14 (rs2074292) Genes Polymorphisms in Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Introduction: Hepatic diseases comprise inflammations of the liver, which can originate from drug-induced, toxic, autoimmune sources and particularly hepatitis B and C virus infection. The outcome of the disease is linked to interactions between the immune system and the virus, and also depends on the age and immune status of the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of a MAP3K14 (rs2074292), CD40 (rs1883832) polymorphism and chronic hepatitis B virus carriage in a population from Burkina Faso. Methods: In this case-control analysis, 223 and 173 samples, consisting of 90 and 53 controls and 133 and 120 cases, were examined for MAP3K14 and CD40 respectively. The cases included patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genomic DNA extraction was executed using INVITROGEN and FAVORGEN kits. Genotyping of MAP3K14 (rs2074292) and CD40 (rs1883832) gene polymorphisms was accomplished via real-time PCR on the QuantStudioTM 5 Real-Time instrument, followed by allelic discrimination using TaqMan Genotyper Software. Data was interpreted using SPSS version 20 and Epi info version 7.5.2.0. Odds ratios (OR), confidence intervals (CI), and p-values were derived for risk and significance evaluation. Results: This study showed that the heterozygous CT genotype and the mutated T allele of the CD40 (rs1883832) gene are involved in the progression of chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in HBV-infected patients. However, no association was found between polymorphisms in the MAP3K14 gene (rs2074292) and the progression of HBV infection. By combining the two polymorphisms, we observed either high risk or protection, depending on the genotypes of the MAP3K14 and CD40 genes simultaneously carried by the patient. Conclusion: Polymorphisms of the MAP3K14 and CD40 genes are associated with the evolution of HBV infection.