In recent years, the problem of environmental pollution caused by microplastics has attracted widespread attention. This paper reviews the latest research progress in terms of the source, content and distribution char...In recent years, the problem of environmental pollution caused by microplastics has attracted widespread attention. This paper reviews the latest research progress in terms of the source, content and distribution characteristics, harm, and detection technology of soil microplastics by referring to the relevant literature on soil microplastics worldwide. It concludes that:(1) Existing studies worldwide have detected the presence of microplastics in soil, water, and atmosphere, and the use of agricultural films, sewage sludge,and other man-made activities are the main sources of microplastics in soil;(2) microplastics can adsorb heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and antibiotics in soil, change the physical and chemical properties of soil. This will result in composite pollution and harm to the ecosystem;(3) microplastics in soil not only can destroy the activity of key soil microorganisms, but also enter the body of crops and soil animals, affecting normal growth of crops and soil animals, and further threaten human health;(4) at present, there is no unified operating standard for the sampling, processing, and detection process of microplastics. Analysis methods such as visual inspection, spectroscopy, and thermal analysis have both advantages and disadvantages, and emerging detection technologies require urgent development.Microplastics have become a new pollutant in soil and their distribution characteristics are closely related to human activities. They pollute the environment and threaten human health through the food chain.Although related research on soil microplastics has just begun, it will become the focus of research in the future.展开更多
微生物在食品安全中扮演着关键角色,由于食源性致病菌环境适应能力强、传播速度快其带来的食物安全事件频发,对公共健康的威胁日益增加。传统基于平板培养的微生物检测方法已无法满足现代食品安全的需求,尤其是难以有效识别“活的非可...微生物在食品安全中扮演着关键角色,由于食源性致病菌环境适应能力强、传播速度快其带来的食物安全事件频发,对公共健康的威胁日益增加。传统基于平板培养的微生物检测方法已无法满足现代食品安全的需求,尤其是难以有效识别“活的非可培养”(the viable but nonculturable,VBNC)状态的微生物,以及近年引起争论的中空细胞,常导致假阴性或假阳性结果,严重时可能忽略实际的食品安全风险。因此,对食品微生物活菌进行早期、快速且准确的检测对食品安全和追踪疫情爆发至关重要,以便及时识别并召回受污染食品,防止感染的扩散。本文详细论述了当前广泛报道的食源性细菌VBNC状态中菌体活性检测方法,包括基于膜通透性、细胞代谢活性、免疫学、核酸扩增的活菌检测技术等,重点关注基于恒温核酸扩增技术的活菌检测法,对基于不同生物技术的快速检测方法的检测原理、实际应用及其优劣势进行了对比,并展望了食源性细菌VBNC状态中菌体活性检测方法特别是核酸扩增技术的研究,为后续食源性细菌VBNC状态中菌体活性检测方法研究提供了理论依据,有助于促进开发和筛选针对食源性细菌VBNC状态中菌体活性检测方法的新兴技术,从而更全面地监控食品中的微生物状态,能为食品安全管理提供科学、精确的数据支持。展开更多
Microbially contaminated food can cause serious health hazards and economic losses,therefore sensitive,rapid,and highly specific visual detection is called for.Traditional detection of microorganisms is complex and ti...Microbially contaminated food can cause serious health hazards and economic losses,therefore sensitive,rapid,and highly specific visual detection is called for.Traditional detection of microorganisms is complex and time-consuming,which cannot meet current testing demands.The emergence of paper-based biosensors provided an effective method for efficient and visual detection of microorganisms,due to its high speed,all-in-one device,low cost,and convenience.This review focused on 5 biomarkers,namely nucleic acids,proteins,lipopolysaccharides.metabolites,and the whole microorganism of microorganisms.Besides,the recognition methods were summed up in 5 forms,including immunological recognition,aptamer recognition,nucleic acid amplification-mediated recognition.DNAzyme recognition and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats mediated recognition.In addition,we summarized the applications of paper-based biosensors in the detection of microorganisms thoroughly.Through the exploration of different biomarkers,identification methods,and applications,we hope to provide a reference for the development of paper-based biosensors and their application in safeguarding the food chain.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the project of China Geological Survey (DD20211574)Guangdong Geological Exploration and Urban Geology Project (2023–25)Public Welfare Geological Survey Project of Shaanxi Geological Survey Institute (202201)。
文摘In recent years, the problem of environmental pollution caused by microplastics has attracted widespread attention. This paper reviews the latest research progress in terms of the source, content and distribution characteristics, harm, and detection technology of soil microplastics by referring to the relevant literature on soil microplastics worldwide. It concludes that:(1) Existing studies worldwide have detected the presence of microplastics in soil, water, and atmosphere, and the use of agricultural films, sewage sludge,and other man-made activities are the main sources of microplastics in soil;(2) microplastics can adsorb heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and antibiotics in soil, change the physical and chemical properties of soil. This will result in composite pollution and harm to the ecosystem;(3) microplastics in soil not only can destroy the activity of key soil microorganisms, but also enter the body of crops and soil animals, affecting normal growth of crops and soil animals, and further threaten human health;(4) at present, there is no unified operating standard for the sampling, processing, and detection process of microplastics. Analysis methods such as visual inspection, spectroscopy, and thermal analysis have both advantages and disadvantages, and emerging detection technologies require urgent development.Microplastics have become a new pollutant in soil and their distribution characteristics are closely related to human activities. They pollute the environment and threaten human health through the food chain.Although related research on soil microplastics has just begun, it will become the focus of research in the future.
文摘微生物在食品安全中扮演着关键角色,由于食源性致病菌环境适应能力强、传播速度快其带来的食物安全事件频发,对公共健康的威胁日益增加。传统基于平板培养的微生物检测方法已无法满足现代食品安全的需求,尤其是难以有效识别“活的非可培养”(the viable but nonculturable,VBNC)状态的微生物,以及近年引起争论的中空细胞,常导致假阴性或假阳性结果,严重时可能忽略实际的食品安全风险。因此,对食品微生物活菌进行早期、快速且准确的检测对食品安全和追踪疫情爆发至关重要,以便及时识别并召回受污染食品,防止感染的扩散。本文详细论述了当前广泛报道的食源性细菌VBNC状态中菌体活性检测方法,包括基于膜通透性、细胞代谢活性、免疫学、核酸扩增的活菌检测技术等,重点关注基于恒温核酸扩增技术的活菌检测法,对基于不同生物技术的快速检测方法的检测原理、实际应用及其优劣势进行了对比,并展望了食源性细菌VBNC状态中菌体活性检测方法特别是核酸扩增技术的研究,为后续食源性细菌VBNC状态中菌体活性检测方法研究提供了理论依据,有助于促进开发和筛选针对食源性细菌VBNC状态中菌体活性检测方法的新兴技术,从而更全面地监控食品中的微生物状态,能为食品安全管理提供科学、精确的数据支持。
基金This research was supported by Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC09-2022)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program Bybast(BYESS2022133)。
文摘Microbially contaminated food can cause serious health hazards and economic losses,therefore sensitive,rapid,and highly specific visual detection is called for.Traditional detection of microorganisms is complex and time-consuming,which cannot meet current testing demands.The emergence of paper-based biosensors provided an effective method for efficient and visual detection of microorganisms,due to its high speed,all-in-one device,low cost,and convenience.This review focused on 5 biomarkers,namely nucleic acids,proteins,lipopolysaccharides.metabolites,and the whole microorganism of microorganisms.Besides,the recognition methods were summed up in 5 forms,including immunological recognition,aptamer recognition,nucleic acid amplification-mediated recognition.DNAzyme recognition and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats mediated recognition.In addition,we summarized the applications of paper-based biosensors in the detection of microorganisms thoroughly.Through the exploration of different biomarkers,identification methods,and applications,we hope to provide a reference for the development of paper-based biosensors and their application in safeguarding the food chain.
