Downregulation of MUC1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Inactivating NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective To investigate the effect of mucin 1(MUC1)on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and its regulatory mechanism.Methods The 60 NPC and paired para-cancer normal tissues were collected from October 2020 to July 2021 in Quanzhou First Hospital.The expression of MUC1 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)in the patients with PNC.The 5-8F and HNE1 cells were transfected with siRNA control(si-control)or siRNA targeting MUC1(si-MUC1).Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay,and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis in the 5-8F and HNE1 cells.The qPCR and ELISA were executed to analyze the levels of TNF-αand IL-6.Western blot was performed to measure the expression of MUC1,NFкB and apoptosis-related proteins(Bax and Bcl-2).Results The expression of MUC1 was up-regulated in the NPC tissues,and NPC patients with the high MUC1 expression were inclined to EBV infection,growth and metastasis of NPC.Loss of MUC1 restrained malignant features,including the proliferation and apoptosis,downregulated the expression of p-IкB、p-P65 and Bcl-2 and upregulated the expression of Bax in the NPC cells.Conclusion Downregulation of MUC1 restrained biological characteristics of malignancy,including cell proliferation and apoptosis,by inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway in NPC.

Argatroban promotes recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis.However,whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown.In this study,we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor ModerⅢand performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days.Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord.RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation.Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway.Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord.Taken together,these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway,thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.

Netrin-1 signaling pathway mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases

Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development.Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic function.Increasing amounts of evidence highlight several key points:(1)Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progression in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,and potentially,similar alterations occur in humans.(2)Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals’susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.(3)Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function.(4)Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of cancers.These findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Through a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways,our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.

Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

GPR160 regulates the self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells via JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway

G-protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are the largest family of transmembrane receptors and regulate various physiological and pathological processes.Despite extensive studies,the roles of GPCRs in mouse embryonic stem cells(mESCs)remain poorly understood.Here,we show that GPR160,a class A member of GPCRs,is dramatically downregulated concurrent with mESC differentiation into embryoid bodies in vitro.Knockdown of Gpr160 leads to downregulation of the expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors and upregulation of the expression of lineage markers,accompanying with the ar-rest of the mESC cell-cycle in the GO/G1 phase.RNA-seq analysis shows that GPR160 participates in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway crucial formaintaining ESC stemness,and the knockdown of Gpr160 results in the downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation level,which in turn is partially rescued by colivelin,a STAT3 activator.Consistent with these observations,GPR160 physically interacts with JAK1,and co-operates with leukemia inhibitory factor receptor(LIFR)and gp130 to activate the STAT3 pathway.In summary,our results suggest that GPR160 regulates mESC self-renewal and pluripotency by interacting with the JAK1-LIFR-gp130 complex to mediate the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Enhancement of porcine in vitro embryonic development through luteolin‑mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway

Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.

Pachymic acid exerts antitumor activities by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B

Objective:To determine the inhibitory effects of pachymic acid on lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods:CCK-8,wound healing,Transwell,Western blot,tube formation,and immunofluorescence assays were carried out to measure the effects of various concentrations of pachymic acid on LUAD cell proliferation,metastasis,angiogenesis as well as autophagy.Subsequently,molecular docking technology was used to detect the potential targeted binding association between pachymic acid and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Moreover,PTP1B was overexpressed in A549 cells to detect the specific mechanisms of pachymic acid.Results:Pachymic acid suppressed LUAD cell viability,metastasis as well as angiogenesis while inducing cell autophagy.It also targeted PTP1B and lowered PTP1B expression.However,PTP1B overexpression reversed the effects of pachymic acid on metastasis,angiogenesis,and autophagy as well as the expression of Wnt3a andβ-catenin in LUAD cells.Conclusions:Pachymic acid inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis,and promotes autophagy in LUAD cells by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B.

Exploring the effect of Bushen Bitong recipe-containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis based on SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway

Objective:To observe the effect and possible mechanism of action of Bushen Bitong recipe(BSBT)containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis.Methods:Generation 3 rat chondrocytes were randomized into Control,IL-1β,IL-1β+BSBT(L),IL-1β+BSBT(M),and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups(5%,10%and 15%BSBT-containing serum),and then 24h after intervention respectively,the cell proliferation and Apoptosis rate;Western blot detected the expression levels of Bcl-2,BAX,Caspase-3,SOX9,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 proteins in chondrocytes.ELISA detected the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and bFGF in the supernatants of chondrocyte culture.Results:Compared with Control group,cell proliferation activity decreased,apoptosis rate increased,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level increased,and SOX9 protein level and bFGF level decreased in IL-1βgroup;compared with IL-1βgroup,different concentrations of BSBT-containing serum group,cell proliferation activity increased,and apoptosis rate decreased.NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level decreased,SOX9 protein level and bFGF level increased;compared with IL-1β+BSBT(L)group,cell proliferation activity increased,apoptosis rate decreased in IL-1β+BSBT(M)and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups,and NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-αlevel decreased.13 protein levels and TNF-αand IL-6 levels decreased,and SOX9 protein levels and bFGF levels increased.Conclusion:BSBT-containing serum may promote IL-1β-induced proliferation of chondrocytes,reduce apoptosis,improve the microenvironment of chondrocytes,and promote cartilage repair through the SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway.

Electroacupuncture improves myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats by attenuating ECM collagen deposition through modulation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway

Background: To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rat models of heart failure, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture in heart failure treatment. Methods: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: Sham group, Model group, and electroacupuncture (Model + EA) group, with each group comprising 8 rats. The model underwent a procedure involving the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce a model of heart failure. The Model + EA group was used for 7 consecutive days for electroacupuncture of bilateral Shenmen (HT7) and Tongli (HT5), once a day for 30 min each time. Left ventricular parameters in rats were assessed using a small-animal ultrasound machine to analyze changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening. Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cardiac troponin (cTn), and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor levels were measured using ELISA. Histopathological changes in rat myocardium were observed through HE staining, while collagen deposition in rat myocardial tissue was assessed using the Masson staining method. Picro sirius red staining, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR were utilized to distinguish between the various types of collagen deposition. The expression level of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4/7 mRNA in rat myocardial tissues was determined using RT-qPCR. Additionally, western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3/7, and p-SMAD3 in rat myocardial tissues. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening values of the Model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01);the left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume values were remarkably increased (P < 0.01);serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor content was increased (P < 0.01);serum IL-1β and cTn levels were increased (P < 0.01);myocardial collagen volume fraction were increased (P < 0.01);and those of the expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4 mRNA was increased (P < 0.01);the expression of SMAD7 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.01);the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 were increased (P < 0.01);the protein expression level of SMAD7 was decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model group. Compared to the Model group, the expression levels of the proteins TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 in myocardial tissue were found to be decreased (P < 0.01), and the expression level of the protein SMAD7 was found to be increased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group;the collagen volume fraction and deposition of type Ⅰ /Ⅲ collagen were decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture alleviates myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure, and this effect is likely due to attributed to the modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, which helps reduce collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix.

Exploring the mechanism of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on acute colitis rats based on JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway in electroacupuncture of different acupoints on acute colitis rats.Methods:36 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 6 rats in each group.The rat model of acute colitis was prepared by enema with glacial acetic acid solution.After the model was established,electroacupuncture was given to each acupoint group,with density wave,frequency 2Hz-50 Hz,intensity 2 mA,muscle tremor as the degree 20 min/time,1 time/day,for 3 consecutive days.Observe the general condition of rats;the pathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by HE method.The contents of serum interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were detected by ELISA.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of JAK2,STAT3,SOCS1 protein and mRNA in rat colon tissue.Results:In contrast to the normal group,the overall condition of the model group was worse,the colonic mucosa was severely damaged,even necrotic,and the ulcer surface was obvious.The content of IL-4 in serum was obviously reduced,and the content of IL-8 was obviously go up(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously go up,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously reduced(P<0.01).In contrast to the model group,the general condition of rats in each acupoint group was significantly improved,the damage and necrosis of colonic mucosa and ulcer surface were obviously alleviated,the content of IL-4 in serum was obviously go up,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously reduced,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Comparison of different acupoint groups,the colonic mucosal injury in the Zusanli group was significantly reduced,the content of serum IL-4 was significantly increased,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The protein content and mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3 in colon tissue were significantly down-regulated,while the protein content and mRNA expression of SOCS1 were significantly go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at each acupoint can improve the damage of colonic mucosa and reduce the inflammatory response.The therapeutic effect of Zusanli(ST36)is better than that of Tianshu(ST25),Dachangshu(BL25)and Shangjuxu(ST37).The mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-8.

X-Paste improves wound healing in diabetes via NF-E2-related factor/HO-1 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers(DFU),as severe complications of diabetes mellitus(DM),significantly compromise patient health and carry risks of amputation and mortality.AIM To offer new insights into the occurrence and development of DFU,focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms of X-Paste(XP)of wound healing in diabetic mice.METHODS Employing traditional Chinese medicine ointment preparation methods,XP combines various medicinal ingredients.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)identified XP’s main components.Using streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic,we aimed to investigate whether XP participated in the process of diabetic wound healing.RNA-sequencing analyzed gene expression differences between XP-treated and control groups.Molecular docking clarified XP’s treatment mechanisms for diabetic wound healing.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were used to investigate the effects of Andrographolide(Andro)on cell viability,reactive oxygen species generation,apoptosis,proliferation,and metastasis in vitro following exposure to high glucose(HG),while NF-E2-related factor-2(Nrf2)knockdown elucidated Andro’s molecular mechanisms.RESULTS XP notably enhanced wound healing in mice,expediting the healing process.RNA-sequencing revealed Nrf2 upregulation in DM tissues following XP treatment.HPLC identified 21 primary XP components,with Andro exhibiting strong Nrf2 binding.Andro mitigated HG-induced HUVECs proliferation,metastasis,angiogenic injury,and inflammation inhibition.Andro alleviates HG-induced HUVECs damage through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation,with Nrf2 knockdown reducing Andro’s proliferative and endothelial protective effects.CONCLUSION XP significantly promotes wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic models.As XP’s key component,Andro activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhancing cell proliferation,tubule formation,and inflammation reduction.

铁死亡加持PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂杀伤肿瘤细胞综述

恶性肿瘤发生发展的每一环节都与免疫调节息息相关,近年铁死亡及PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂杀伤肿瘤细胞方面的研究是一大热点,因其精准治疗肿瘤的效果被越来越多地应用于临床治疗。但目前尚无将PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂与铁死亡治疗肿瘤细胞结合的研究,本文将对铁死亡的相关机制、铁死亡与肿瘤的关系和PD-1/PD-L1免疫治疗肿瘤等方面进行综述。

炎调方通过PD-1/PD-L1通路抑制脓毒症大鼠T淋巴细胞衰竭的实验研究

目的研究炎调方对脓毒症大鼠T淋巴细胞及T淋巴细胞表面表面程序性死亡蛋白(PD-1)、程序性死亡蛋白配体(PD-L1)表达的影响。方法SD大鼠(雄性)分为正常组、假手术组、模型组和炎调方组。盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP)制备脓毒症大鼠模型,于造模后12、24、48、72 h采集外周血处死大鼠(每个时间点各5只大鼠),采用流式细胞分析法测定CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)比例;双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定CD4^(+)及CD8^(+)表面PD-1、PD-L1表达水平。结果白介素-6(IL-6)在脓毒症模型组12 h分泌达到高峰后逐渐下降,降钙素原(PCT)在模型组24 h达到高峰后逐渐下降;炎调方组在12 h降低IL-6的水平(P<0.05),24 h时明显降低IL-6、PCT的水平(P<0.01)。模型组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)比例早期分泌开始减少,48 h分泌达最低点(P<0.01);炎调方组在48 h时可升高CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)比例,提高CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)的比值而具体调节T细胞活化和增殖的功能。模型组CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)表面PD-1、PD-L1表达水平早期24 h即表达增多(P<0.01),72 h表达最多;炎调方组24 h时即可抑制PD-1、PD-L1的表达水平而具体改善T细胞衰竭的作用。CD4^(+)的比例与CD4^(+)表面PD-1、PD-L1的表达呈负相关(P<0.01);CD8^(+)比例与CD8^(+)表面PD-1、PD-L1的表达呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论脓毒症早期48 h内即出现了T细胞活化和增殖的功能衰竭引起的T细胞免疫抑制。炎调方能在脓毒症早期改善T细胞活化和增殖的功能,其机制可能与抑制PD-1/P-L1通路有关。

安胃汤抑制CAG大鼠PD-1/PD-L1信号轴免疫逃逸机制研究

背景众多证据表明免疫逃逸在肿瘤形成过程中扮演重要角色,慢性萎缩性胃炎(chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)是胃癌的癌前疾病.安胃汤被发现可改善CAG临床症状及病理表现,实现CAG的逆转,该作用是否与免疫逃逸机制相关有待进一步研究.目的从细胞免疫逃逸角度,探讨程序性死亡受体-1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)/程序性死亡受体配体-1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)信号轴与安胃汤对CAG模型大鼠疗效之间的关系.方法采用1-甲基-3-硝基-1-亚硝基胍(1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine,MNNG)慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠模型,应用不同剂量安胃汤及维酶素片进行干预;HE染色观察安胃汤对CAG模型大鼠胃黏膜炎症细胞浸润及组织形态改变的影响;免疫组化检测CAG模型大鼠胃黏膜组织PD-1、PD-L1蛋白表达;ELISA检测血清CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平变化;qPCR检测CAG模型大鼠胃黏膜PD-1mRNA、PD-L1mRNA表达;Western-blot检测CAG模型大鼠胃黏膜组织PD-1、PD-L1蛋白表达.结果免疫组化结果示:与模型组和维酶素组比较,安胃汤高、低剂量组PD-L1表达均较低(P<0.01,P<0.05).ELISA实验结果示:与模型组比较,安胃汤高剂量组CD4^(+)表达及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),安胃汤各组和维酶素组CD8^(+)表达降低(P<0.01);与维酶素组比较,安胃汤高剂量组CD8^(+)表达降低(P<0.05).qPCR实验结果显示:与模型组比较,安胃汤高剂量组和维酶素组PD-1mRNA表达下降(P<0.01),安胃汤高、中剂量组PD-L1mRNA表达下降(P<0.01,P<0.05).Western-blot实验结果显示:与模型组比较,安胃汤高、中剂量组PD-1/Actin,PD-L1/Actin表达下降(P<0.01,P<0.05).结论安胃汤抗CAG作用可能与抑制PD-1/PD-L1信号通路诱导的细胞免疫逃逸有关.

结直肠癌患者外周血及肿瘤组织中PD-1/PD-L1及相关免疫细胞水平变化特点及临床意义

目的 检测结直肠癌患者外周血及肿瘤组织内程序性死亡分子-1(PD-1)/PD-1配体(PD-L1)、相关免疫细胞表达水平,并分析其临床表达意义。方法 将80例行结直肠癌根治术患者纳为癌变组,同期80例健康体检合格者纳为对照组,采集2组外周静脉血,检测PD-1、PD-L1、CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Tregs)标志物叉状头/翅膀状螺旋转录因子(Foxp3)表达水平,术中收集结直肠癌患者癌灶及癌旁组织,免疫组化法检测癌灶及癌旁组织内PD-1、PD-L1及Foxp3蛋白表达水平。结果 癌变组患者外周血PD-1、PD-L1及Foxp3水平均高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌变组患者术后外周血PD-1、PD-L1及Foxp3水平均较其术前下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结直肠癌组织中PD-1、PD-L1及Foxp3阳性表达率均高于癌旁组织,差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌灶组织内PD-1阳性表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及pTNM分期具有相关性(P<0.05);癌灶组织内PD-L1阳性表达与肿瘤部位、浸润深度具有相关性(P<0.05);Foxp3 Treg阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移具有相关性(P<0.05)。结论 PD-1、PD-L1及Treg细胞均与结直肠癌肿瘤免疫微环境相关,与结直肠癌发生及发展间均存在联系,三者联合检测可用于评估结直肠癌免疫检查点抑制剂的治疗新指标。

PD-1/PD-L1小分子抑制剂临床进展

PD-1/PD-L1是维持机体稳态的免疫检查点共抑制分子,与肿瘤免疫逃逸密切相关。目前全球已有22款PD-1/PD-L1单抗获批用于治疗各类恶性肿瘤,然而小分子抑制剂的研发却进展缓慢。自2015年百时美施贵宝公司公开第一份联苯类化合物专利以来,至今已有15款PD-1/PD-L1小分子抑制剂进入临床开发。本文从简介PD-1/PD-L1的结构和信号通路出发,分析部分PD-1/PD-L1小分子抑制剂的临床前研究,侧重综述该类小分子抑制剂临床研究的进展。

诃子水提物通过上调PD-1/PD-L1表达调节胶原蛋白诱发关节炎(CIA)大鼠脾脏中细胞的细胞免疫减轻关节炎症

目的研究诃子水提取物(TCWE)对胶原蛋白诱发关节炎(CIA)大鼠细胞免疫及程序性死亡蛋白1/程序性死亡蛋白1配体1(PD-1/PD-L1)通路的影响。方法SD大鼠随机分为对照组、CIA组、TCWE处理组、甲氨蝶呤(MTX)处理组,每组15只。除对照组外,其余各组SD大鼠皮下注射Ⅱ型胶原蛋白制备胶原蛋白诱发关节炎(CIA)模型,TCWE组大鼠采用[20 mg/(kg·d)]TCWE处理,MTX组大鼠采用[1.67 mg/(kg·d)]MTX处理。处理14 d后,通过HE染色检查软骨形态,流式细胞术检测脾脏T淋巴细胞凋亡和调节性T细胞(Treg)/Th17细胞比率,反转录PCR检测脾脏中的维甲酸相关孤核受体γt(RORγt)和叉头盒转录因子P3(FOXP3)、PD-1和PD-L1的mRNA表达,免疫组织化学染色检测RORγt、FOXP3的表达和定位。Western blot法检测脾脏淋巴细胞的PD-1和PD-L1的蛋白表达,ELISA检测大鼠血清白细胞介素17(IL-17)和转化生长因子β(TGF-β)水平。结果与CIA组相比,TCWE组和MTX组的软骨和滑膜病变明显减轻,脾脏中的T淋巴细胞凋亡率增加,Treg/Th17细胞比率上调,RORγt的表达降低,FOXP3、PD-1和PD-L1的表达增加。血清IL-17水平降低,血清TGF-β水平升高。结论TCWE处理可能激活脾脏细胞的PD-1/PD-L1通路调节CIA大鼠脾脏中细胞的细胞免疫,减轻软骨损伤。

积极情感体验护理干预在PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗非小细胞肺癌病人中的应用

目的:探讨积极情感体验护理干预模式在程序性死亡分子1(PD-1)/程序性死亡分子配体1(PD-L1)抑制剂治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)病人中的应用价值。方法:选取本院于2022年1月—2023年1月收治的80例NSCLC病人作为研究对象,所有病人均给予PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗,根据入院时间的先后顺序将先行PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗的40例病人纳入对照组,实施常规护理措施;后行治疗的40例病人纳入研究组,实施积极情感体验护理干预模式。干预3个月后,比较两组干预前后希望水平、心理状态以及生活质量评分。结果:干预后研究组希望水平评分高于对照组(P<0.05);干预2周、干预后研究组SDS、SAS评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,研究组FACT-L评分及各维度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:积极情感体验护理模式可有效改善NSCLC病人的负面情绪,提高病人希望水平,提高病人生活质量,确保PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗顺利进行,促进病情康复。

基于FAERS数据库的PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂免疫相关不良事件信号分析

目的基于美国FAERS数据库挖掘帕博利珠单抗、纳武利尤单抗、阿替利珠单抗、度伐利尤单抗的免疫相关不良事件(irAE)信号,为降低临床用药风险和药品上市后安全性监测提供导向和参考。方法提取美国FAERS数据库2012年第四季度至2022年第一季度的不良事件报告,采用报告比值比法、MHRA综合标准法、贝叶斯置信递进神经网络法(BCPNN)展开信号检测,应用标准MedDRA分析查询(Standardized MedDRA Queries,SMQ)在特定“免疫介导/自身免疫性疾病”中广义检索irAEs信号,分析四种PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂导致irAEs的共有特征。结果统计分析结果显示,纳武利尤单抗不良事件报告数最多且逐年增幅最大,不良事件患者中男性群体和老年群体占比较高,且主要临床结局为其他严重的重要医疗事件、住院和死亡。信号检测结果显示,四种PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂共检出23个irAEs信号,包括脑炎、重症肌无力、甲状腺疾病、类天疱疮、结肠炎、肌炎、肝炎、暴发性1型糖尿病等,累及11个系统器官分类(SOC);其中年龄差异性信号较多,主要表现为免疫性血小板减少症、肌炎、心肌炎在老年群体中高发。结论PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂irAEs信号累及SOC范围较广泛,建议临床用药前详细询问患者既往病史,尤其需要关注老年群体的用药风险,加强免疫相关不良事件的早期管理和迅速评估;注重中国用药群体免疫相关不良事件数据的收集和分析,挖掘其不良反应特征,不断完善药品说明书,促进我国临床安全、合理使用PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂。

PD-1/PD-L1联合CD8+TILs在宫颈癌组织中的表达及临床相关性分析

目的探讨宫颈癌组织中CD8+TILs和PD-1/PD-L1分子表达情况及临床相关性。方法选取蚌埠医学院第附属一医院2016年1月—2020年1月收治的152例宫颈癌患者作为本次研究对象。收集患者基本资料,应用免疫组化染色法对其PD-1/PD-L1阳性、CD8+TILs密度进行检测,按照PD-1/PD-L1表达和CD8+TILs密度情况将152例患者分为A组(n=40)、B组(n=59)、C组(n=43)、D组(n=10)。对PD-1/PD-L1、PD-L1/CD8+TILs密度与宫颈癌临床病理特征关系、CD8+TILs与PD-1/PD-L1的相关性分析情况予以分析,分析不同PD-1/PD-L1表达和CD8+TILs密度宫颈癌患者的生存情况。结果PD-L1和PD-1和阳性表达率65.13%、61.18%;PD-L1阳性表达和肿瘤大小、间质浸润深度、FIGO分期、淋巴结转移、宫旁浸润有密切联系(P<0.05);PD-1阳性表达与宫颈癌临床病理特征无紧密关联(P>0.05);CD8+TILs高密度和低密度分别为82例、70例,Spearman检验分析结果显示,PD-1和PD-L1表达分别与CD8+TILs密度呈正相关(r=0.742,P<0.001)和负相关(r=-0.385,P<0.001);四组在肿瘤大小、FIGO分期、淋巴血管间隙侵犯方面比较差异显著(P<0.05);FIGO分期、分化程度、淋巴血管间隙侵犯、淋巴结转移是影响宫颈鳞癌患者OS的独立因素;PD-L1阳性组的生存时间短于PD-L1阴性组(经Log-Rank检验,χ^(2)=20.986,P=0.000<0.05),CD8+TILs低密度组生存时间短于CD8+TILs高密度组(经Log-Rank检验,χ^(2)=40.788,P=0.000<0.05),D-L1-/CD8+TILs高密度组生存时间均高于其他三组(经Log-Rank检验,χ^(2)=47.145,P=0.000<0.05)。结论PD-L1在宫颈癌中呈高表达,且PD-1和PD-L1表达分别与CD8+TILs密度呈正相关和负相关。PD-1/PD-L1联合CD8+TILs在宫颈癌的预后评估中具有较高的临床应用价值。