An analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was employed to establish a landscape value evaluation model for 20 common species of perennial flowers in the flower border of Hefei City.With the overarching objective of determinin...An analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was employed to establish a landscape value evaluation model for 20 common species of perennial flowers in the flower border of Hefei City.With the overarching objective of determining the application value of the flower border,10 evaluation factors were identified and subsequently classified into 3 distinct grades.Grade I(L>2.5)was defined as perennial flower resources with the highest development and utilization value,including only one species of Salvia farinacea.Grade II(2.0≤L≤2.5)was defined as perennial flower varieties suitable for most areas,encompassing 9 species of plants,such asTaraxacummongolicum.Grade III(L<2.0)was defined as perennial flower varieties with low application value,encompassing 10 species of plants,such asRuellia brittoniana,but lacking the value of further popularization and application.Consequently,the proportion of their application in the flower border should be reduced.The evaluation results can serve as a theoretical foundation for the implementation of perennial flowers in urban flower borders.展开更多
Background:C4 plants have increased substantially during the past several decades in the grasslands of the Mongolian Plateau due to regional warming.Here,we explore how the patterns of abundances of C4 annuals and C4 ...Background:C4 plants have increased substantially during the past several decades in the grasslands of the Mongolian Plateau due to regional warming.Here,we explore how the patterns of abundances of C4 annuals and C4 perennials change over space and time.Methods:A total of 280 sites with C4 plants were surveyed in four types of grasslands in 9 years.The relative biomasses of C4 plants(PC4),C4 annuals(PA4),and C4 perennials(PP4)were calculated.Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the drivers of changes in PA4 and PP4.Results:At the regional scale,PA4 on average was 11%(±19%,SD)and PP4 was 13%(±19%,SD).Spatially,C4 annuals dominated the C4 communities within an east–west belt region along 44°N and tended to spread toward northern latitudes(about 0.5°)and higher altitudes in the east mountainous areas.The abundance of C4 annuals decreased,while that of C4 perennials increased.The patterns of C4 annuals and C4 perennials were mainly controlled by temperature,growing season precipitation,and dynamics between the two life forms.Conclusions:C4 annuals exhibited competitive advantages in normal and wet years,while C4 perennials had competitive advantages in dry years.Grazing as a main human disturbance increased C4 annuals,but had no significant effect on C4 perennials.展开更多
In Kuwait, the scarcity and irregularity of rainfall, the availability of areas of sand supply and the prevalence of strong north westerly winds significantly influence the stability of the fragile ecosystem. Naturall...In Kuwait, the scarcity and irregularity of rainfall, the availability of areas of sand supply and the prevalence of strong north westerly winds significantly influence the stability of the fragile ecosystem. Naturally, grown native shrubs and trees can provide potential shelter to soil surface in desert areas. To study the environmental indicators provided by native plant and their ability to improve quality of life, the morphological properties of the vegetated nabkhas within different areas in Kuwait desert and within protected area were assessed. The vegetated dunes can trap maximum mobile sediments from 10.5 to 0.45 ton thus cost saving per plant estimated to be from 5.5 to 0.24 USD. The arrangements of the native plant from highest efficiency in absorbing carbon dioxides to the least were as follows: Nitraria retusa, Haloxylon salicornicum, Citrullus colocynthis, Tamarix aucheriana, Lycium shawii, Convolvolus oxyphyllus, Rhanterium epapposum, Panicum turgidum, Calligonum polygonoides, Astragalus spinosus, Cyperus conglomerates. The cost saving of CO_(2) per year estimated to be from 0.95 to 1,542.1 USD. The revegetation enhanced physical and chemical quality of soil and created microenvironments for the flora and fauna. The aim of this paper is to identify the environmental indicators related to native plants for the assessment of quality of life.展开更多
Breeding for seedling traits in herbaceous perennial biomass feedstocks that translate into increased biomass yield or quality in established swards could accelerate the development of perennial grass cultivars for bi...Breeding for seedling traits in herbaceous perennial biomass feedstocks that translate into increased biomass yield or quality in established swards could accelerate the development of perennial grass cultivars for bioenergy or forage. In previously reported research, breeding for single large tillers (ST) or multiple tillers (MT, ≥3) six weeks after planting for two generations in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) base populations produced ST and MT populations that differed significantly for seedling and mature plant traits including biomass yield in spaced planted nurseries. Our objective was to evaluate these ST and MT populations in sward trials to determine the effect of these genetic changes on biomass yield and quality when the plants were grown in competitive sward conditions. Big bluestem monocultures of the base, ST, and MT populations were evaluated at three locations in Nebraska in 2001 and 2002 as randomized complete block experiments with four replicates. Switchgrass monocultures of the base, ST, and MT populations were evaluated in 2003, 2004, and 2005 near Mead, NE as a randomized complete block with six replicates. In both big bluestem and switchgrass, the ST and MT populations did not consistently differ from the base population or each other for biomass yield or forage quality. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating perennial grasses in sward trials and not relying solely on greenhouse-grown plants or space-planted nurseries to develop selection criteria and make selection decisions.展开更多
《变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响》(Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma,ARIA)指南最新修订版(简称ARIA2010版)最近由《Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology》杂志全文发表。与旧版ARIA指南使用循证医学的方法不同,ARIA2...《变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响》(Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma,ARIA)指南最新修订版(简称ARIA2010版)最近由《Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology》杂志全文发表。与旧版ARIA指南使用循证医学的方法不同,ARIA2010版采用推荐、评估、发展和评价分级(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation,GRADE)工作组提出的透明的、系统化的方法修订了临床建议,以提高其实用价值。展开更多
多年来,对变应性鼻炎患者进行药物治疗的目的多以控制症状为主,疗效评价标准也以症状改善程度为主。《变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响》（Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impacton Asthma，ARIA，2001）指南推荐的病情分类和阶梯性治疗方案也...多年来,对变应性鼻炎患者进行药物治疗的目的多以控制症状为主,疗效评价标准也以症状改善程度为主。《变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响》（Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impacton Asthma，ARIA，2001）指南推荐的病情分类和阶梯性治疗方案也多以症状为基础，因此对症状控制的程度也成为评价某一药物疗效的“金标准”，一旦症状得以控制，药物治疗也随之停止。但最近公布的ARIA（2008）”勺虽调，对经过药物控制，症状消失或仍有轻微症状者仍应继续给予与药物治疗。展开更多
基金Sponsored by Landscape Value Evaluation of Perennial Flower Border Application for Open Field Cultivation in Hefei City(S202212216134)Natural Science Key Research Program for Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(2023AH051816)Anhui General Teaching Research Project(2022jyxm665).
文摘An analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was employed to establish a landscape value evaluation model for 20 common species of perennial flowers in the flower border of Hefei City.With the overarching objective of determining the application value of the flower border,10 evaluation factors were identified and subsequently classified into 3 distinct grades.Grade I(L>2.5)was defined as perennial flower resources with the highest development and utilization value,including only one species of Salvia farinacea.Grade II(2.0≤L≤2.5)was defined as perennial flower varieties suitable for most areas,encompassing 9 species of plants,such asTaraxacummongolicum.Grade III(L<2.0)was defined as perennial flower varieties with low application value,encompassing 10 species of plants,such asRuellia brittoniana,but lacking the value of further popularization and application.Consequently,the proportion of their application in the flower border should be reduced.The evaluation results can serve as a theoretical foundation for the implementation of perennial flowers in urban flower borders.
基金supported by the DFG within the DFG research group 536(MAGIM)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630010 and 31320103916).
文摘Background:C4 plants have increased substantially during the past several decades in the grasslands of the Mongolian Plateau due to regional warming.Here,we explore how the patterns of abundances of C4 annuals and C4 perennials change over space and time.Methods:A total of 280 sites with C4 plants were surveyed in four types of grasslands in 9 years.The relative biomasses of C4 plants(PC4),C4 annuals(PA4),and C4 perennials(PP4)were calculated.Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the drivers of changes in PA4 and PP4.Results:At the regional scale,PA4 on average was 11%(±19%,SD)and PP4 was 13%(±19%,SD).Spatially,C4 annuals dominated the C4 communities within an east–west belt region along 44°N and tended to spread toward northern latitudes(about 0.5°)and higher altitudes in the east mountainous areas.The abundance of C4 annuals decreased,while that of C4 perennials increased.The patterns of C4 annuals and C4 perennials were mainly controlled by temperature,growing season precipitation,and dynamics between the two life forms.Conclusions:C4 annuals exhibited competitive advantages in normal and wet years,while C4 perennials had competitive advantages in dry years.Grazing as a main human disturbance increased C4 annuals,but had no significant effect on C4 perennials.
文摘In Kuwait, the scarcity and irregularity of rainfall, the availability of areas of sand supply and the prevalence of strong north westerly winds significantly influence the stability of the fragile ecosystem. Naturally, grown native shrubs and trees can provide potential shelter to soil surface in desert areas. To study the environmental indicators provided by native plant and their ability to improve quality of life, the morphological properties of the vegetated nabkhas within different areas in Kuwait desert and within protected area were assessed. The vegetated dunes can trap maximum mobile sediments from 10.5 to 0.45 ton thus cost saving per plant estimated to be from 5.5 to 0.24 USD. The arrangements of the native plant from highest efficiency in absorbing carbon dioxides to the least were as follows: Nitraria retusa, Haloxylon salicornicum, Citrullus colocynthis, Tamarix aucheriana, Lycium shawii, Convolvolus oxyphyllus, Rhanterium epapposum, Panicum turgidum, Calligonum polygonoides, Astragalus spinosus, Cyperus conglomerates. The cost saving of CO_(2) per year estimated to be from 0.95 to 1,542.1 USD. The revegetation enhanced physical and chemical quality of soil and created microenvironments for the flora and fauna. The aim of this paper is to identify the environmental indicators related to native plants for the assessment of quality of life.
文摘Breeding for seedling traits in herbaceous perennial biomass feedstocks that translate into increased biomass yield or quality in established swards could accelerate the development of perennial grass cultivars for bioenergy or forage. In previously reported research, breeding for single large tillers (ST) or multiple tillers (MT, ≥3) six weeks after planting for two generations in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) base populations produced ST and MT populations that differed significantly for seedling and mature plant traits including biomass yield in spaced planted nurseries. Our objective was to evaluate these ST and MT populations in sward trials to determine the effect of these genetic changes on biomass yield and quality when the plants were grown in competitive sward conditions. Big bluestem monocultures of the base, ST, and MT populations were evaluated at three locations in Nebraska in 2001 and 2002 as randomized complete block experiments with four replicates. Switchgrass monocultures of the base, ST, and MT populations were evaluated in 2003, 2004, and 2005 near Mead, NE as a randomized complete block with six replicates. In both big bluestem and switchgrass, the ST and MT populations did not consistently differ from the base population or each other for biomass yield or forage quality. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating perennial grasses in sward trials and not relying solely on greenhouse-grown plants or space-planted nurseries to develop selection criteria and make selection decisions.
文摘《变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响》(Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma,ARIA)指南最新修订版(简称ARIA2010版)最近由《Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology》杂志全文发表。与旧版ARIA指南使用循证医学的方法不同,ARIA2010版采用推荐、评估、发展和评价分级(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation,GRADE)工作组提出的透明的、系统化的方法修订了临床建议,以提高其实用价值。
文摘多年来,对变应性鼻炎患者进行药物治疗的目的多以控制症状为主,疗效评价标准也以症状改善程度为主。《变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响》（Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impacton Asthma，ARIA，2001）指南推荐的病情分类和阶梯性治疗方案也多以症状为基础，因此对症状控制的程度也成为评价某一药物疗效的“金标准”，一旦症状得以控制，药物治疗也随之停止。但最近公布的ARIA（2008）”勺虽调，对经过药物控制，症状消失或仍有轻微症状者仍应继续给予与药物治疗。
