Effects of Inhaled the Cyperi rhizoma and Perillae herba Essential Oil on Emotional States, Autonomic Nervous System and Salivary Biomarker

It is well-known that odor has a good influence on a human mind and body. In this study, we investigated the effect of the essential oil inhalation of Cyperi rhizoma and Perillae herba which were main aromatic herbs ingredient of the Kososan, to psychological condition, autonomic nerve activity and salivary biomarker. In addition, we examined influence by the favorite difference in odor. 25 healthy female volunteers (control group: 5 people;Cyperi rhizoma group: 10 people;Perillae herba group: 10 people) were examined. POMS was examined at PRE and POST the experiment. Pulse analyser was examined and saliva samples were collected before the inhalation, just after the inhalation, 10 minutes and 20 minutes later, respectively. Saliva samples analyzed for levels of α-amylase and cortisol. At the examination for POMS after the experiment, the preference for the odor was confirmed. About both Cyperi rhizoma and Perillae herba, by the essential oil inhalation, mental stability and relaxation effect were provided in psychological and psysiological evaluation. In the “like” group, relaxation was greater than “unlike” group. However, about Cyperi rhizoma, the stress was relaxed regardless of the favorite difference in odor, and a physical relaxation effect was shown. In addition, about the autonomic nerve activity, the parasympathetic nerve was not activated, and it was suggested that it was made and stabilized the balance of the autonomic nerve.

Anti-Melanogenesis Activity of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract from Perilla frutescens Seeds

Perilla frutescens seed (PFS) oil is reported to inhibit skin photoaging;however, its effect on melanogenesis has not yet been investigated. Herein, we tested the anti-melanogenesis activity of an oil-based extract from PFS with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). In a cell culture system, B16 mouse melanoma cells were treated with the PFS scCO2 extract and other samples. The PFS scCO2 extract decreased melanin production by approximately 90% in B16 mouse melanoma cells without cytotoxicity at 100 μg/mL. This effect was greater than that of the well-known melanogenesis inhibitor, kojic acid. Although a hexane-extracted PFS oil and a squeezed PFS oil also decreased melanin production in the B16 cells, the inhibitory effect of the PFS scCO2 extract was higher than both of these. Chemical analysis of the PFS scCO2 extract and squeezed PFS oil showed that almost 90% of the components of both oils were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid. Furthermore, the ratio of those three fatty acids across both samples was almost the same. When the three fatty acids were mixed in the same ratio as in the PFS scCO2 extract, the IC50 of the mixture for melanin production in B16 melanoma cells was identical to that of the PFS scCO2 extract. However, the IC50 of the squeezed PFS oil was approximately 6.6 times higher than that of the mixture. Although those fatty acids are the main inhibitory ingredients against melanin production in all of the extracts, some factor(s) in the squeezed PFS reduce their affinity with the cells. These results indicated that the PFS scCO2 extract could be a superior melanogenesis inhibitor. Although its main ingredients are probably the same as those of the squeezed PFS oil, it is necessary to extract with scCO2 for stronger anti-melanogenesis activity.

The mechanism of polyphenols in perilla against hyperuricemia using network pharmacology and molecular docking

To investigate the possible targets and mechanisms of polyphenols in perilla in the treatment of hyperuricemia(HUA)Batman-TCM,TCMSP,PubMed,and CNKI databases were used to obtain the main components of perilla and component-related targets.HUA targets were collected through GeneCards and OMIM online platforms.The HUA target and the perilla component target were crossed to obtain a common target.Protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database,and the compound-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape software.The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID database.Molecular docking was used to verify the results.Thirteen potential active components,101 component targets,901 HUA-related targets,and 36 common targets were screened out.Through network topology analysis,core targets such as TP53,TNF,CASP3,and PPARG and active components such as luteolin,β-carotene,cyanidin,catechin,and linolenic acid ethyl ester were obtained.The topology analysis of the“compound-target-pathway”network showed that the polyphenolic compounds luteolin,cyanidin,and catechin were the main active components of the perilla in the treatment of HUA.This study showed that the treatment of HUA with perilla had the characteristics of a multi-component,multi-target,and multi-signal pathway,which provided a scientific basis for further study on the molecular mechanism of the treatment of HUA with the potential active components of perilla.

紫苏叶中氨基酸及微量元素含量的测定

[目的]测定紫苏叶中氨基酸及微量元素的含量。[方法]采用氨基酸自动分析法和原子吸收分光光度法对新疆产地紫苏叶中的氨基酸和微量元素的种类和含量进行测定。[结果]测得紫苏叶中含有17种氨基酸和4种微量元素,其中有7种人体必需的氨基酸。[结论]紫苏叶中含有丰富的氨基酸及人体必需的Fe、Zn、Mn和Cu等微量元素。

纤维素酶辅助提取紫苏中迷迭香酸工艺优化

为了拓宽迷迭香酸的提取方法,对纤维素酶辅助提取紫苏(Perilla frutescens)中迷迭香酸的工艺进行了相关研究。优化了纤维素酶添加量、提取液的pH、提取温度、提取时间及NaCl浓度等提取条件。最终确定最佳提取条件为,在不加NaCl的条件下,纤维素酶添加量为2.0%、提取液的pH 4.0、提取温度为50℃、提取时间为15 min。该方法具有条件温和、产物的提取率高、安全无毒害等优点。

油茶叶及凋落物浸提液对紫苏种子萌发的化感作用

采用培养皿滤纸法,以发芽率、发芽指数和化感效应指数为指标,探究了油茶叶及凋落物的浸提液对紫苏种子萌发的影响。结果表明,油茶叶及凋落物浸提液对紫苏种子萌发均有化感抑制效应,且油茶叶对紫苏种子萌发的抑制作用更强。因此,油茶林下土壤环境不利于紫苏种子萌发。

紫苏叶注射液的制备(英文)

[Objective] To extract the effective component rosmarinic acid from Folium perillae,study preparation technology and quality control of rosmarinic acid injection and provide test basis for hemorheological drug development and clinic application.[Method]The coarse powder of Folium perillae(40 μm)was lixiviated with hot water and acidized to make aqueous extracts.Rosmarinic acid from the aqueous mixture was extracted with Ethyl Acetate.And Et Ac was evaporated to obtain primary product.The injection was purified by pH adjustment.Concentration of rosmarinic acid in the injection was detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Contents of tannin,resin and oxalate were eliminated according to the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 edition).Stability,irritation,haemolyticus,LD50 and thermogenic substance of this injection were also detected.[Result]The content of rosmarinic acid in Folium perillae injection is 2.81 mg/ml,and the content of LD50 was 406.82 mg/kg.This injection was consistent with the stipulation of Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 edition).[Conclusion]The preparation technology of this experiment was reasonable.The stable qualities of the prepared injection meet the injection requirement.

紫苏RAS基因启动子的克隆及序列分析

迷迭香酸合成酶(Rosmarinic acid synthase,RAS)是紫苏(Perilla frutescens)迷迭香酸生物合成途径中的关键酶,采用基因组步移方法,克隆得到长度为2 022 bp的紫苏RAS基因5′端的启动子片段,并对启动子序列的转录起始位点和顺式作用元件进行分析。结果表明,紫苏RAS基因启动子调控区域除了含有基本的TATA-box和CAAT-box元件外,还含有多个与植物胁迫和生长相关的顺式作用元件,如脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯和赤霉素响应的顺式作用元件等,另外还包含多个光响应顺式作用元件。

混菌固态发酵对紫苏饼粕营养特性的影响

利用纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus natto)与马克思克鲁维酵母菌(Kluyveromyces marxianus)对紫苏(Perilla frutescens)饼粕进行混菌的固态发酵,对其发酵后的产品进行理化分析。结果表明,在接种量为5%,混菌发酵温度为33℃的条件下,发酵2 d,发酵后紫苏饼粕中粗蛋白升高3.79个百分点,纤维素降低2.80%,总黄酮升高15.53%。

不同紫苏挥发油化学成分分析

采用蒸馏法提取了紫苏[(Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.]和白苏(Perrilla frutenscens L.)两种叶片的挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC/MS)结合计算机检索分析了两种挥发油的组成成分,采用面积归一法测定各成分的相对含量。结果表明,从紫苏和白苏叶中提取的挥发油,分别检测出66和65种化合物,其中共有的成分有15种。紫苏挥发油主要成分为洋芹醚(76.392%),白苏挥发油的主要成分为2-己酰呋喃(89.418%)。

紫苏蛋白质提取工艺优化

以脱脂紫苏(Perilla frutescens)叶和茎为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法制备紫苏蛋白质。通过单因素试验和正交试验研究并优化紫苏蛋白质的提取工艺条件。结果表明,紫苏蛋白质的最佳制备工艺条件为碱提pH 8.0、料液比1∶10(m/V,g∶mL)、碱提温度40℃、酸沉pH 4.0,在此条件下,紫苏蛋白质提取率为20.51%;在最佳工艺条件下,采用100 W的超声波辅助提取,蛋白质提取率为22.41%。

低温处理对紫苏生理指标的影响

[目的]研究低温处理对紫苏生理指标的影响,确定造成紫苏叶片低温伤害的时间。[方法]将紫苏叶分别低温处理0、12、24、36、48和60 h,并测定其叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖的含量,并考察2～5℃低温对紫苏叶片生理指标的影响,确定紫苏叶片低温伤害的时间。[结果]低温处理48 h能明显减少叶片中叶绿素的含量,而且低温处理60 h的叶绿素含量减少非常明显;低温处理48 h能明显减少叶片中可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量。[结论]低温处理超过48 h,紫苏就会受到伤害;低温处理时间达到60 h时,紫苏受到的伤害程度加重。

紫苏侧枝扦插技术研究

通过对紫苏(Perilla frutescens)侧枝的处理及生根粉浓度的设计,研究不同处理对紫苏侧枝扦插的效果,确定适合紫苏侧枝扦插的最优组合。结果表明,不同扦插处理在成活率、生根数量、生根长度等方面存在差异,处理6即留取侧枝1对叶片,浸泡生根粉浓度为500 mg/L时成活率最高,达到83.3%,其生根数量、生根长度等指标极显著高于其他处理。

苏子提取物治疗兔非酒精性脂肪肝病的试验研究

观察苏子提取物(Extractions of Perilla Seed,EPS)抗高脂血症引起的非酒精性脂肪肝病(Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,NAFLD)的作用。采用高脂饮食复制家兔NAFLD模型,分别测定正常对照组(NC)、高脂模型组(HLM)、苏子提取物组(EPS 0.1 g/mL)血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、ALT、AST。肝组织用中性福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,切片,H.E.染色,光学显微镜下观察,评估脂肪变性程度。结果显示,跟高脂模型组相比,EPS能显著降低血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST含量,提高HDL-C的含量(P<0.01或P<0.05);减轻肝组织脂肪变性程度(P<0.01)。说明EPS具有抗高脂血症引起的家兔非酒精性脂肪肝病的作用。其机制可能与调节血脂代谢紊乱以及抑制肝脏脂质沉积有关。

正交试验法优化超临界CO_2萃取紫苏籽油的工艺及GC-MS成分分析(英文)

[目的]优化超临界CO_2法萃取紫苏籽油的条件,并分析紫苏籽油的化学成分。[方法]采用单因素和正交试验法优化萃取时间、萃取温度和萃取压强,用GC-MS分析紫苏籽油的化学成分组成。[结果]通过单因素和正交试验结果分析得到,最优紫苏籽油萃取条件为:萃取时间4h,萃取温度40℃,萃取压强23 MPa,在此条件下的得油率为12.43%。用GC-MS分析紫苏籽油化学成分,结果表明α-亚麻酸的含量达到76.183%。[结论]在试验所得条件下,可获得高质量和高纯度的紫苏籽油。

Concentration of α-Linoleic Acid of Perilla Oil by Gradient Cooling Urea Inclusion

In this study, production of ct-linoleic acid concentrated from crude perilla oil by gradient cooling urea inclusion was optimized. The fatty acid composition was determined after ethyl esterification by gas chromatography （GC）. In this process, orthogonal experiment was carried out. Under optimum conditions, the maximum amount of α-linoleic acid （91.5%） was obtained at a urea to fatty acid ratio of 3, a solvent to fatty acids ratio of 7, a reaction temperature of 348 K and a crystallization time of 690 min. A simple method of gradient cooling urea inclusion was used to purify α-linolenic acid by using urea to form inclusion complexes with the saturated and the less unsaturated fatty acids, which enhanced the purity of α-linoleic acid ethyl ester by above 90%.

模拟酸雨及苔藓植物化感条件下紫苏种子萌发特性的研究

通过模拟酸雨胁迫及苔藓化感作用两种不同的生长环境,初步探讨了模拟酸雨及3种苔藓凤尾藓(Fissidens bryoides)、提灯藓(Mnium hornum)、缩叶藓(Ptychomitrium)种植水对紫苏(Perilla frutescens)种子萌发特性的影响。结果表明,pH为5.0及以上的低浓度模拟酸雨环境对紫苏种子的萌发及幼苗生长影响不大,但随着酸化程度的加深,对紫苏种子萌发的抑制作用明显增加,当pH降到1.0时种子不发芽。紫苏幼苗叶片POD活力随胁迫时间的延长呈先升后降的趋势。而叶片MDA含量除pH为5.0处理组与对照组相近外,其他胁迫浓度下均有显著增加,说明pH低于5.0紫苏幼苗生长受到较严重损害。在苔藓种植水培养环境中,与对照组相比,紫苏种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均随苔藓植物种植水浓度的升高而升高,在浓度为100%时对种子萌发的促进效果最为显著。

Studies on In Vitro Flowering and Fruiting of Perilla frutescens

Influences of PGR, sucrose, and ammonium nitrate on in vitro flowering and fruiting from cotyledon explants of P. frutescens were studied. The regenerated shoots at 2-4. cm from cotyledon explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 BA and 1.0 mg L^-1IAA were excised and transferred to MS medium containing 30 g L^-1 sucrose, 8.25 g L^-1 ammonium nitrate, and 1.0 mg L^-1 BA. Following 40 d of culture, 86.2% of them flowered and set seeds. These seeds were germinable and developed into flowering plants in the fields. This study provides a simple system for rapid breeding of P. frutescens and studying the physiological mechanism of flowering of plants.

GC-MS analysis of volatile compounds of Perilla frutescens Britton var. Japonica accessions: morphological and seasonal variability

Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone(PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin(PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown(PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine(PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown(PMU) type, perilla ketone, elemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene(PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, betacryophyllene, myristicin(L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion:The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.

带固相萃取功能索氏提取装置提取紫苏挥发性成分的方法分析

设计了一种带固相萃取功能的索氏提取装置,并采用该装置提取分析紫苏(Perilla frutescens)挥发性成分。结果表明,紫苏中鉴定出75种挥发性组分,用气相色谱峰面积归一法确定其各组分相对质量含量占总挥发性组分的95.64%,其中主要成分为紫苏酮(56.16%)、石竹烯(8.38%)、异脱氢紫苏酮(8.11%)、石竹烯氧化物(4.03%)等。具有香味的成分有45种,占总挥发性组分的88.66%。该装置于密闭环境进行加热萃取,集萃取、净化和浓缩为一体,中途不需要转移样品,大大简化了样品前处理操作,有效缩短了样品前处理周期,为紫苏挥发性及半挥发性成分提供了快速、可靠的分析方法。