Optimization of Polysaccharides Extraction from Physalis alkekengi L.Peel and Its Effect on the Expression of Inflammation-Related Proteins in SW620 Cells

Objective:To establish an optimized aqueous extraction process for polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L.peel and to preliminarily explore its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity against colorectal cancer SW620 cells.Methods:A single-factor test combined with orthogonal test analysis was used to evaluate the effects of the material-to-liquid ratio,extraction temperature,and extraction time on the yield of polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L.peel.The antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides was assessed by analyzing their free radical scavenging ability in vitro,and the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using SW620 cells.Results:The optimal extraction conditions were a material-to-liquid ratio of m(g):V(mL)=1:30,an extraction temperature of 100℃,and an extraction time of 40 minutes,with a predicted polysaccharide yield of 25.7%.The polysaccharides from Physalis peruviana peel effectively scavenged DPPH,superoxide anion,and hydroxyl radicals.After treatment with Physalis peruviana polysaccharides,the levels of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-αin the cell culture medium were significantly reduced,and the phosphorylation level of P65 protein in SW620 cells was decreased.Conclusion:This extraction method is stable and reliable,and the prepared Physalis alkekengi L.polysaccharides exhibit significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.This study provides a theoretical basis for developing drugs for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Component Analysis and Free Radicals Scavenging Activity of Physalis alkekengi L. Polysaccharide

A crude polysaccharide was extracted from Physalis alkekengi L. fruit. HPLC was used for the component analysis of the polysaccharide. The results indicate that Physalis alkekengi L. polysaccharide（PAP） was composed of rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and glucose. Free radicals scavenging activity of PAP was studied through 3 free radicals scavenging tests. PAP exhibited high scavenging effects on OH and DPPH radicals, and both the scavenging rates were about 80%. The scavenging rate of O2^- radical was about 22%.

A novel cytotoxic neophysalin from Physalis alkekengi var.francheti

A new neophysalin, named 5α-hydroxy-25,27-dihydro-4,7-didehydro-7-deoxyneophysalin A（1）, along with three other known neophysalins （2-4） were isolated from the calyxes of Physalis alkekengi L. var.francheti （Mast.） Makino. The structure of 1 was determined by means of 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR and mass spectra. Compound 1 displayed potent cytotoxicities in vitro against PC- 3 and LNCaP cell lines.

Pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of Physalis angulata leaf extract on retinoblastoma cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of Physalis angulata leaf extract on apoptotic and proliferation of retinoblastoma cells. Despite several previous studies evidencing the anticancer potential of Physalis angulata;however, certain study that proves its benefits in retinoblastoma cancer cells has been limited.METHODS: This study utilizes an in-vitro experimental study by applying Y79 human retinoblastoma cell line culture obtained from the American Type Culture Collection(ATCC;10801 University Boulevard Manassas, VA 20110, USA). The cell was divided into 4 groups. Group I was the control group without the administration of Physalis angulata leaf extract. Whereas, group II, II and IV are engaged with 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL of Physalis angulata leaf extract respectively. After a 24 h incubation, an examination with microtetrazolium(MTT) cell proliferation assay and Annexin V apoptosis detection was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed with the Tukey test.RESULTS: Physalis angulata leaf extract improved apoptosis and significantly reduced the number of living cells in retinoblastoma cells, along with the increase in the given dose. Based on the Tukey test, a significant difference was found in the treatment group at 50 μg/mL(P=0.025) and 100 μg/mL(P=0.001) in the measurement of apoptosis. Proliferation measurements also indicated a significant decrease in the number of living cells in the 50μg/m L treatment group(P=0.004), and in the 100 μg/mL treatment group(P=0.000). Meanwhile, a dose of 25 μg/mL indicated insignificant difference in the two measurements. Improved apoptosis and decreased number of living cells occured at a dose of 100 μg/mL. Decreased number of living cells(in the measurement of proliferation) was due to the inhibited proliferation or improved apoptosis.CONCLUSION: Physalis angulata leaf extract improve apoptosis in retinoblastoma cell culture, requiring further research to inhibit proliferation.

Assessment of antidiabetic activity and acute toxicity of leaf extracts from Physalis peruviana L.in guinea-pig

Objective:To verify the antidiabetic activity of leaf extracts from Physalis peruviana L.popularly used in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and to point out the possible toxicity.Method:Aqueous decoctions prepared from dried leaves powder were administrated to guinea pigs at the dose range of 100 mg/kg to 3.2 g/kg of body weight.The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by glucose tolerance test,loading animals with glucose 4 g/kg and measuring blood glucose concentrations at various times.The effect was compared to the control and glibenclamide as antidiabetic reference drug.Acute toxicity was evaluated by recording mortality rate,changes on blood biomarkers and damage caused to vital organs.Results:At a dose of 100 mg/kg,the aqueous extract induced a significant reduction of peak concentration at 30 min after glucose loading as compared with control or reference(P<0.05).At doses greater than 400 mg,some alterations on blood,kidney and liver markers were observed.Upper 800 mg/kg,mortality was observed with LD_(50)estimated at about 1280 mg/kg.At the autopsy,vital organs were in haemorrhage and swelling state.Conclusion:The crude aqueous extracts from the leaves of Physalis peruviana L.present hypoglycemic aclivily in animal model,but at high doses the plant may cause severe intoxication.

Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of Ground Cherry(Physalis angulata L.)standardized CO2 phytopharmaceutical preparation

AIM To investigate the effects of Ground Cherry(Physalis angulata L.)standardized supercritical CO_2 extract in trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid(TNBS)model of rat intestinal inflammation.METHODS The animals were divided into groups that received vehicle or P.angulata extract(PACO_2)orally at the doses 25,50 and 100 mg/kg daily by 5 d before TNBS damage.Protective effects of PACO_2 were assessed by macroscopic analysis,biochemical determinations of the levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),glutathione and cytokines(such as INF-γ,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α),gene expression evaluation(including Hsp70,heparanase,NF-κB,mitogenactivated protein kinases(Mapk)1,3,6 and 9,and the mucins genes Muc 1,2,3 and 4)and histopathological studies using optical,and electronic(transmission and scanning)microscopy.RESULTS PACO2 extract promoted a significant reduction in MPO and ALP activities,reducing oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration.These effects were accompanied by significant reduction of colonic levels of IFN-γand IL-6 and down-regulation of heparanase,Hsp70,Mapk3,Mapk9,Muc1 and Muc2 genes expression when compared with TNBS-control animals.In addition,protective effects were also evidenced by reduced neutrophil infiltration,recovery of cell architecture and replacement of mucin by histopathological and ultrastructural analysis.CONCLUSION Physalis angulata supercritical CO2 extract is an intestinal anti-inflammatory product that modulates oxidative stress,immune response and expression of inflammatory mediators,with potentially utility for treating inflammatory bowel disease.

Three new physalins from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii

Three new physalin steroids,physalin Ⅲ(1),physalin IV(2),3-O-methylphysalin X(3),together with five known physalins(4-8)were isolated from the 80%EtOH extract of calyces of Physalis alkekengi var.franchetii.The structures of the new compounds were revealed through 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic studies.

Effect of ethanolic extract of Physalis minima on lowering blood pressure in DOCA-salts hypertensive rat models

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of ethanolic extract of Physalis minima on lowering blood pressure in the DOCA-salts hypertensive rats.METHODS To produce hypertension,male rats were induced DOCA at dose of 10mg·kg-1 ip.twice weekly and 0.9% NaCl in drinking water ad libitum for six weeks.The ethanolic extract of Physalis minima were given at dose of 500,1500 and 2500mg·kg-1,respectively for 4weeks.After completion of treatment schedule,systolic blood pressure was evaluated using animal blood pressure analyzer.The serum nitric oxide levels was measured using the ELISA methods.SOD activity and MDA level were determined spectrophotometrically.Endothelial dysfunction was determined by acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation studies on isolated rat aortas.RESULTS The extract decreased systolic blood pressure significantly(P<0.001)in hypertensive rats.In addition,the extract also suppressed the production of MDA and restored SOD activity to normal level.There was a reduced relaxation response to acetylcholine in isolated aortic rings and serum NO level from hypertensive rats that were reversed by extract.CONCLUSION Physalis minima can lower blood pressure in hypertensive rats and its mechanism may be through the improvement of endothelial function due to the decrease of stress oxidative.

Methanolic extract of ceplukan leaf(Physalis minima L.)attenuates ventricular fibrosis through inhibition of TNF-α in ovariectomized rats

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ceplukan leaf(Physalis minima L),which contain phytoestrogen physalin and withanolides,toward ventricular TNF-αlevel and fibrosis in ovariectomized rats.METHODS Wistar rats divided into six groups(K1:normal;K2:5 weeks ovariectomy(OVX);K3:9weeks ovariectomy(OVX),K4,K5,and K5:9weeks OVX+4 weeks ceplukan leaf's methanolic extract dose 500,1500,and 2500 mg·kg-1,respectively.TNF-αlevel measured with ELISA method.Fibrosis measured as blue color percentage in Masson′s Trichrome staining.RESULTS This study showed that prolonged hypoestrogen increase ventricular fibrosis(P<0.05).Ceplukan leaf treatment also resulted in a decreased ventricular fibrosis and TNF-αlevel in dose dependent manner compared with those of without treatment group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the TNF-αlevel normalized in rat treated with 2500mg·kg-1 Physalis minima L(P<0.05).Reduction of fibrosis positively correlated with TNF-αlevel(P<0.05,r= 0.873).CONCLUSION Methanolic extract of ceplukan leaf decrease ventricular fibrosis through inhibition of ventricular TNF-αin ovariectomized rats.Duration of hypoestrogen increase ventricular fibrosis.

Study on Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of Physalis alkekengi

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate optimal conditions for callus induction and plant regeneration of Physalis alkekengi. [ Method ] P. alkek- eng/was employed as the experimental material and different concentrations of 6-BA and c^-NAA were added to MS medium to prepare the differentiation medium, to investigate the effect of different concentrations of plant hormones on callus differentiation of P. alkekengi. [ Result ] Under low or high concentrations of 6-BA, ratio of the total number of adventitious buds/explants and differentiation rate were reduced with the increasing concentration of ct-NAA ; when the concentrations of 6-BA and ct-NAA were respectively 1.0 and 0.2 mg/L, ratio of the total number of adventitious buds/explants and differentiation rate reached the maximum. [ Conclusion] When the concentrations of α-NAA were maintained unchanged, ratio of the total number of adventitious buds/explants reached the maximum under the moderate concentrations of 6-BA, while the differentiation rate showed irregular variations. In MS medium with supplement of 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L α-NAA, ratio of the total number of adventitious buds/explants and differentiation rate reached the peak. This study provided reference for callus induction of P. alkekengi.

Medicinal and Edible Plant——Physalis alkekengi L.and Its Cultivation Techniques

Botanical morphological characteristics of Physalis alkekengi L.is first introduced,and its medicinal and edible value is elaborated.Cultivation techniques of P.alkekengi L.are mainly introduced.The research aims to provide a certain basis for the better development and application of P.alkekengi L.

Polysaccharide from Fruits of Physalis Alkekengi L. Enhances Antitumor Efficacy by a DNA Vaccine

Physalis. alkekengi fruit has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for tumor therapy. In the present study, using plasmids that encode ovalbumin (OVA) gene, we investigate the adjuvant activity of a polysaccharide fraction (PPSB) isolated from P.alkekengi fruit. Formulation by simple procedures of mixing of the OVA-encoding pCI-neo-sOVA plasmid with PPSB not only induced specific antibody responses, but also induced antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses (Graph abstract). Furthermore, immunization using this vaccine prevented the growth of OVA-expressing B16-OVA tumor cell growth in the immunized mice. Thus, we provide evidence supporting the adjuvant activity of PPSB in DNA vaccine against tumor.

A review of the ethnobotanical value,phytochemistry,and pharmacology of Physalis pubescens L.

Physalis pubescens L.(P.pubescens)was widely used for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases,such as sore throat,aphonia,phlegm,heat,and cough in folk medicine.The fruits of P.pubescens are commonly consumed as fruit in many areas of the world.In the past few decades,the phytochemistry and pharmacology of P.pubescens were extensively investigated.About 170 chemical constituents were purified from P.pubescens.The extract and chemical constituents of P.pubescens demonstrate diverse pharmacological effects,including anti-oxidation,anti-inflammation,anticancer,antimicrobial activity,immunomodulation,diuretic effect,hypoglycemic,and hypolipidemic in vitro and in vivo.Herein,we systematically summarized the ethnomedicinal uses,botanical characterization,distribution,phytochemistry,and pharmacology of P.pubescens,and establish the correlation between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects.

Bionic Design and Experimental Validation of a Robotic Airship Inspired by the Physalia physalis

The robotic airship is one of the most unique and promising green aircraft,however,as a“lighter-than-air aircraft”and“thermal aircraft”,its long-endurance flight has great difficulties in decreasing drag and controlling buoyancy and pressure under thermal effects.In this work,we reported a robotic airship inspired by the Physalia physalis,imitating its morphology,physiological structure,and biological behaviors.The hull is designed by imitating the morphology of the Physalia physalis,and the gasbags including a helium balloon,two ballonets,and a thermoregulation gasbag are designed by imitating the physiological structure and biological behaviors of the pneumatophore,bladder,and gland of the Physalia physalis,respectively.Experimental results show that the bionic airship has an increase of about 40%in lift-to-drag and decreases the pressure in helium balloon by 47.5%under thermal effects,and has better aerodynamic performances and thermoregulation performances than conventional airships.

酸浆和甜菇娘的营养成分分析

[目的]研究酸浆和甜菇娘的营养成分。[方法]采用索氏提取法测定水分、灰分和粗脂肪,并用凯氏定氮法测定蛋白含量;无机元素的分析按GB/T12393-90测试方法进行;用GB 12388-90法检测脂溶性维生素,GB 12392-90法检测水溶性维生素。[结果]酸浆和甜菇娘果实与宿萼中含有丰富的无机元素,以钾、磷、钠、镁和钙的含量较高,而有害元素铅和砷等未检出;氨基酸含量丰富,种类达18种以上,其中天门冬氨酸的含量最高;此外,还含有丰富的维生素。[结论]宿萼中的无机元素、氨基酸等营养素含量高于果实,这为宿萼的合理利用提供了理论依据。

PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫对酸浆种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为探明酸浆(Physalis alkekengi L.)种子对不同干旱处理的响应,为耐旱酸浆资源的开发利用提供科学依据,以酸浆的2个品种粒粒甜和铁把种子为材料,采用PEG-6000(质量分数分别为0、5%、10%、15%、20%、30%)模拟干旱胁迫的方法 ,比较了在干旱条件下酸浆2个品种种子的萌发和幼苗生长情况。结果表明,在5%的PEG-6000处理下,铁把种子的发芽势、发芽指数、芽长和对照相比有所上升,当处理质量分数超过10%时,以上指标以及根长均随着PEG-6000质量分数的升高而急剧下降,当PEG-6000质量分数达到30%时,酸浆种子萌发受到显著的抑制。2个品种的种子活力指数差异较大,其中粒粒甜种子活力指数先上升后下降,铁把的种子活力指数持续下降。说明在干旱胁迫下,粒粒甜种子的萌发能力强于铁把。

锦灯笼宿萼中总多酚超声提取工艺研究

[目的]研究锦灯笼宿萼总多酚的超声提取工艺。[方法]以锦灯笼宿萼总多酚提取率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验对锦灯笼宿萼总多酚的超声提取工艺条件进行优化。[结果]锦灯笼宿萼中总多酚超声提取的最佳试验条件为:提取溶剂为浓度50%乙醇水溶液,料液比为1∶20(g/ml),超声提取时间为30 min,提取次数为2次。[结论]该方法简捷、可靠,可为锦灯笼宿萼总多酚的深入研究与开发提供理论基础。

苦(艹职)组织培养中不同激素与外植体类型的交互用

茄科植物苦(艹职)(Physalis augalata L.),别称“灯笼草”、“灯笼泡”,为一年生野生草本,具有较强的药用价值。全草入药,能清热。

酸浆提取物对高脂膳食大鼠抗氧化作用的影响

[目的]探讨酸浆提取液对高脂膳食大鼠抗氧化能力的影响。[方法]取Wistar大鼠50只,随机分为5组(空白组、高脂组、酸浆提取液低剂量组、酸浆提取液中剂量组、酸浆提取液高剂量组),每组10只。取相应剂量的药物持续灌胃30 d,测定大鼠血清SOD活力和MDA含量。[结果]各组大鼠SOD活力与高脂组相比差异显著,有统计学意义;中、高剂量组大鼠MDA含量与高脂组差异显著,有统计学意义。[结论]摄入适量酸浆提取液可以有效地增强大鼠机体抗氧化能力。

葡萄糖氧化酶对红姑娘酒陈酿过程中酚类物质的影响

以红姑娘(Physalis alkekengi L.)酒为试验材料研究葡萄糖氧化酶对红姑娘酒陈酿过程中酚类物质的影响。结果表明,葡萄糖氧化酶使酚类物质的降解速率变缓,其中鞣花酸降解速率显著低于对照,儿茶素、咖啡酸、槲皮素与对照无显著差异。