Preparation,Characterization and Photothermal Study of PVA/Ti_(2)O_(3) Composite Films

In this work,flexible photothermal PVA/Ti_(2)O_(3) composite films with different amount(0 wt%,5 wt%,10 wt%,15 wt%)of Ti_(2)O_(3) particles modified by steric acid were prepared by a simple solution casting method.The microstructures,XRD patterns,FTIR spectra,UV-Vis-NIR spectra thermo-conductivity,thermo-stability and photothermal effects of these composite films were all characterized.These results indicated that Ti_(2)O_(3) particles were well dispersed throughout the polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)matrix in the PVA/Ti_(2)O_(3) composite films.And Ti_(2)O_(3) particles could also effectively improve the photothermal properties of the composite films which exhibited high light absorption and generated a high temperature(about 57.4℃for film with 15 wt%Ti_(2)O_(3) amount)on the surface when it was irradiated by a simulated sunlight source(1 kW/m^(2)).

Suppression of Co(Ⅱ)ion deposition and hazards:Regulation of SEI film composition and structure

Despite the presence of Li F components in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formed on the graphite anode surface by conventional electrolyte,these Li F components primarily exist in an amorphous state,rendering them incapable of effectively inhibiting the exchange reaction between lithium ions and transition metal ions in the electrolyte.Consequently,nearly all lithium ions within the SEI film are replaced by transition metal ions,resulting in an increase in interphacial impedance and a decrease in stability.Herein,we demonstrate that the SEI film,constructed by fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)additive rich in crystalline Li F,effectively inhibits the undesired Li^(+)/Co^(2+)ion exchange reaction,thereby suppressing the deposition of cobalt compounds and metallic cobalt.Furthermore,the deposited cobalt compounds exhibit enhanced structural stability and reduced catalytic activity with minimal impact on the interphacial stability of the graphite anode.Our findings reveal the crucial influence of SEI film composition and structure on the deposition and hazards associated with transition metal ions,providing valuable guidance for designing next-generation electrolytes.

Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibril-Waterborne Polyurethane Composite Films

To improve the performance of polyurethane films,small amounts of cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)were physically blended with a waterborne polyurethane(WPU)emulsion,and then CNF/WPU composite films were prepared by cast-coating and drying.The particle size of the emulsions and the chemical structure,micromorphology,thermal stability,mechanical properties,and water resistance of the composite films were characterized using a Malvern laser particle size analyzer,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),an electronic strength machine,water contact angle analysis(WCA),and water absorption tests,respectively.The results showed that at a low CNF content of 0.3 wt%,the particle size of the WPU emulsion and chemical structure of the film did not change significantly.In addition,the tensile strength of the composite film increased by up to 108%compared to the neat WPU film,and the thermal stability and water resistance were slightly improved.The addition of CNF greatly enhanced the tensile strength while maintaining the other original properties of the WPU film,which may greatly improve the service life and tear resistance of commercial coatings in the future.

Preparation and Properties of Vegetable-Oil-Based Thioether Polyol and Ethyl Cellulose Supramolecular Composite Films

Ethyl cellulose(EC),an important biomass-based material,has excellent film-forming properties.Nevertheless,the high interchain hydrogen bond interaction leads to a high glass transition temperature of EC,which makes it too brittle to be used widely.The hydroxyl group on EC can form a supramolecular system in the form of a non-covalent bond with an effective plasticizer.In this study,an important vegetable-oil-based derivative named dimer fatty acid was used to prepare a novel special plasticizer for EC.Dimer-fatty-acid-based thioether polyol(DATP)was synthesized and used to modify ethyl cellulose films.The supramolecular composite films of DATP and ethyl cellulose were designed using the newly-formed van der Waals force.The thermal stability,morphology,hydrophilicity,and mechanical properties of the composite films were all tested.Pure EC is fragile,and the addition of DATP makes the ethyl cellulose films more flexible.The elongation at the break of EC supramolecular films increased and the tensile strength decreased with the increasing DATP content.The elongation at the break of EC/DATP(60/40)and EC/DATP(50/50)was up to 40.3%and 43.4%,respectively.Noticeably,the thermal initial degradation temperature of the film with 10%DATP is higher than that of pure EC,which may be attributed to the formation of a better supramolecular system in this composite film.The application of bio-based material(EC)is environmentally friendly,and the novel DATP can be used as a special and effective plasticizer to prepare flexible EC films,making it more widely used in energy,chemical industry,materials,agriculture,medicine,and other fields.

A Soy Protein-Based Composite Film with a Hierarchical Structure Inspired by Nacre

Soy protein-based composite film is a potential replacement for petroleum-based film with multipurpose applica-tions and cleaner production.It is difficult to improve both the tensile strength and toughness of a protein-based film without sacrificing its elongation.In this study,inspired by the hierarchical structure of nacre,a facile yet delicate strategy was developed to fabricate a novel bio-based film with excellent toughness and high strength.Triglycidylamine(TGA)crosslinked soy protein(SPI)as hard phase and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPU)as soft phase comprise an alternative lay-up hierarchical structure.The interface of these two phases is enhanced using triglycidylamine(TGA)surface-modified TPU(MTPU).The tensile strength of SPI/MTPU/TGA films increases by 392%to 7.78 MPa and their toughness increases by 391%to 8.50 MJ/m^(3) compared to soy protein/glycerol film.The proposed hierarchical structure can also be extended to other high-performance materials and polymers.

Preparation of Thin Film Composite Nanofiltration Membrane by Interfacial Polymerization with 3,5-Diaminobenzoylpiperazine and Trimesoyl Chloride

新芳香的肼， 3,5-diaminobenzoylpiperazine (3,5-DABP ) ，从 3,5-diaminobenzoic 酸和 1 甲酰 piperazine 被综合。3,5-DABP 的结构被英尺红外系列和 1H NMR 系列识别。与是的 3,5-DABP 水的单体和 trimesoyl 氯化物(TMC ) 作为器官的单体，薄电影合成(TFC ) nanofiltration 膜被界面的聚合技术准备。这些 TFC 膜的盐拒绝顺序是 Na2SO4 > MgSO4 > MgCl2 > NaCl。这个序列显示膜否定地被控告。

Accurate determination of anisotropic thermal conductivity for ultrathin composite film

Highly anisotropic thermal conductive materials are of significance in thermal management applications. However,accurate determination of ultrathin composite thermal properties is a daunting task due to the tiny thermal conductance,severely hindering the further exploration of novel efficient thermal management materials, especially for size-confined environments. In this work, by utilizing a hybrid measuring method, we demonstrate an accurate determination of thermal properties for montmorillonite/reduced graphene oxide(MMT/r GO) composite film with a thickness range from 0.2 μm to2 μm. The in-plane thermal conductivity measurement is realized by one-dimensional(1D) steady-state heat conduction approach while the cross-plane one is achieved via a modified 3ω method. As-measured thermal conductivity results are cross-checked with different methods and known materials, revealing the high measurement accuracy. A high anisotropic ratio of 60.5, independent of composite thickness, is observed in our measurements, further ensuring the negligible measurement error. Notably, our work develops an effective approach to the determination of ultrathin composite thermal conductivity, which may promote the development of ultrathin composites for potential thermal-related applications.

Preparation and characterization of barium strontium titanate/silicon nanoporous pillar array composite thin films by a sol-gel method

Barium strontium titanate (Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 , BST)/silicon nanoporous pillar array (Si-NPA) thin films were prepared by a spin-coating/annealing technique based on Si-NPA with micro/nano-structure. Both the isomer conversion of acetylacetone and the network structure combined by enol and Ti-alkoxide facilitate the formation of the BST sol and the subsequent crystallization. Before the perovskite BST begins to form, the intermediate phase (Ba,Sr)Ti 2 O 5 CO 3 is found. The boundary between BST and Si-NPA is of clarity and little interface diffusion, disclosing that Si-NPA is an ideal template substrate in the preparation of multifunctional composite films.

Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix using electrodeposition

Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix(Ni nanowire/Ni composite films)were fabricated by electrodeposition combined with supersonic stirring in a conventional Watts'bath containing Ni nanowires with diameter about 30 nm.The deposition temperature-dependent microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion behavior of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction and potentiodynamic polarization tests,respectively.And the possible mechanism was discussed.It is found that to some extent,the deposition temperature has an impact on the microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion property of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films.The Ni nanowire/Ni composite films prepared at 50℃exhibit a novel inter-twisted-nanowire microstructure and have the best corrosion resistance.

Large-scale fabrication of re duce d graphene oxide-sulfur composite films for flexible lithium-sulfur batteries

The rapid development of flexible electronic devices requires the design of flexible energy-storage devices. Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries are attracting much interest due to their high energy density. Therefore, flexible Li-S batteries with high areal capacity are desired. Herein, we fabricated freestanding reduced graphene oxide-sulfur(RGO@S) composite films with a cross-linked structure using a blade coating technique, followed by a subsequent chemical reduction. The porous cross-linked structure endows the composite films with excellent electrochemical performance. The batteries based on RGO@S composite films could exhibit a high discharge capacity of 1381 m Ah/g at 0.1 C and excellent cycle stability. Furthermore, the freestanding composite film possesses excellent conductivity and high mechanical strength. Therefore, they can be used as the cathodes of flexible Li-S batteries. As a proof of concept, soft-packaged Li-S batteries were assembled and remained stable electrochemical performance under different bending states.

Asymmetric magnetoimpedance effect and dipolar interactions of FINEMET/SiO_(2)/FePd composite ribbons

The dipolar interactions are investigated through the asymmetric magneto-impedance in FINEMET/SiO_(2)/FePd composite ribbons.The interface between the hard(FePd layer)phase and soft(FINEMET ribbon)phase is coherent by SiO_(2)layer in FINEMET/SiO_(2)/FePd composite ribbons,which effectively induces dipolar interactions.The contribution of dipolar interaction to the bias field(Hb)by asymmetrical giant magneto-impedance and magnetic properties is analyzed.The results show that Hb response decreases with the increase of the SiO_(2)layer thickness,indicating that the linear region near-zero field can be tuned by the thickness of SiO_(2)layer.These results allow the GMI ratio(58%)and characteristic frequency(500 kHz)to be optimized.The transverse and longitudinal magnetic domain structures of FINEMET ribbon and FePd film are confirmed,respectively.The composite ribbons with high GMI ratio and low frequency can be applied to linear magnetic sensors.

A Fiber Optic Sensor for 2,4-dichlorophenol Analysis based on Optical Composite Oxygen-sensitive Film

A novel fiber optic sensor based on optical composite oxygen-sensitive film was developed for determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol(DCP).The optical composite oxygen-sensitive film consists of tris(2,2’-bipyridyl)dichloro ruthenium(II)hexahydrate(Ru(bpy)3Cl2)as the fluorescence indicator and iron(III)tetrasulfophthalocyanine(Fe(III)PcTs)as bionic enzyme.A lock-in amplifier was used for detecting the lifetime of the composite oxygen-sensitive film by measuring the phase delay of the sensor head.The different variables affecting the sensor performance were evaluated and optimized.Under the optimal conditions(i e,pH 6.0,25℃,Fe(III)PcTs concentration of 5.0×10^-5 mol/L),the linear detection range,detection limit and response time of the fiber optic sensor are 3.0×10^-7-9.0×10^-5 mol/L,4.8×10^-8 mol/L(S/N=3),and 220 s,respectively.The sensor displays high selectivity,good repeatability and stability,which have good potentials in analyzing DCP concentration in practical water samples.

Enhanced Electron Transfer for Hemoglobin in 2C_(12)N^+PVS-Composite Films Modified on Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes

Stable thin films made from polyionic complex 2C12N+PVS- with incorporated Hb on PG electrodes were characterized by electrochemistry. The electron transfer between Hb and PG electrodes was greatly facilitated in microenvironment of 2C12N+PVS- films. The Hb-2C12N+PVS-films could be used to catalytically reduce trichloroacetic acid.

A flexible CNT@nickel silicate composite film for high-performance sodium storage

Due to the sufficient ion diffusion channels provided by the large interlayer spacing, layered silicates are widely considered as potential anode materials for lithium ion and sodium ion batteries. However, due to the poor electronic conductivity, the application of layered silicates for electrochemical energy storage has been greatly limited. Carbon nanotube(CNT) film has excellent electrical conductivity and a unique interconnected network, making it an ideal matrix for composite electrochemical material. We herein report a CNT@nickel silicate composite film(CNT@NiSiO) fabricated by a SiO2-mediated hydrothermal conversion process, for sodium storage with excellent electrochemical properties. The obtained composite possesses a cladding structure with homogeneous nanosheets as the outermost and CNT film as the inner network matrix, providing abundant ion diffusion channels, high electronic conductivity, and good mechanical flexibility. Due to these merits, this material possesses an excellent electrochemical performance for sodium storage, including a high specific capacity up to 390 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1, good rate performance up to 205 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1, and excellent cycling stability. On this basis, this work would bring a promising material for various energy storage devices and other emerging applications.

Surface and interface analysis of HAP/TiO2 composite films on Ti6Al4V

The composite films constituted of hydroxyapatite (HAP) submicron particles embedded in the gel composed of the titania nanoparticles were prepared on commercial Ti6Al4V plates with titania buffer layer obtained by a spin-coating technique. The films were annealed in air at 450 ℃, 550 ℃ and 650 ℃, respectively. The phase formation, surface morphology, andinterfacial microstructure of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis. The results show that the as-prepared films are all well-crystallized, dense,homogeneous, and there was a close interfacial bond between the film and the substrate. The results of adhesion test indicate that there is a good bonding strength between the film and the substrate. The bone-like apatite formation on the surface of the films after immersion in acellular simulatedbody fluid(SBF) validated their bioactivities.

Antibacterial Activity of TiO₂/Ti Composite Photocatalyst Films Treated by Ultrasonic Cleaning

In this work, TiO2/Ti composite films were fabricated by 2-setp MCT and the following high temperature oxidation. Antibacterial activity of the composite films treated by ultrasonic cleaning to increase the performance reliability was examined. The prepared TiO2/Ti composite films showed high photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue solution. It is obvious that? TiO2/Ti composite films have antibacterial activity under UV irradiation.

Microstructure and abrasive wear behaviour of anodizing composite films containing Si C nanoparticles on Ti6Al4V alloy

Anodized composite films containing Si C nanoparticles were synthesized on Ti6Al4 V alloy by anodic oxidation procedure in C4O6H4Na2 electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were employed to characterize the morphology and composition of the films fabricated in the electrolytes with and without addition of Si C nanoparticles. Results show that Si C particles can be successfully incorporated into the oxide film during the anodizing process and preferentially concentrate within internal cavities and micro-cracks. The ball-on-disk sliding tests indicate that Si C-containing oxide films register much lower wear rate than the oxide films without Si C under dry sliding condition. Si C particles are likely to melt and then are oxidized by frictional heat during sliding tests. Potentiodynamic polarization behavior reveals that the anodized alloy with Si C nanoparticles results in a reduction in passive current density to about 1.54×10-8 A/cm2, which is more than two times lower than that of the Ti O2 film(3.73×10-8 A/cm2). The synthesized composite film has good anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties and the growth mechanism of nanocomposite film is also discussed.

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite films followed pseudo-first order kinetics.

Preparation and Characterization of Co_(3)O_(4)/Graphene/Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Films

Nanocellulose has served as an eye-catching nanomaterial for constructing advanced functional devices with renewability,light weight,flexibility,and environmental friendliness.In this study,Co_(3)O_(4)/graphene/cellulose nanofiber(CNF)flexible composite films,in which the CNF acted as a spacer for the graphene,were prepared via a facile and scalable vacuum filtration method.The effects of the CNF on the microstructure,hydrophilicity,thermal stability,tensile strength,surface resistance,and electrochemical performance of the Co_(3)O_(4)/graphene/CNF composite films were systematically investigated.The results showed that the synergistic interaction of the CNF and graphene substantially improved the overall properties of the Co_(3)O_(4)/graphene/CNF composite films,particularly their hydrophilicity and tensile strength.Meanwhile,Co_(3)O_(4)/graphene/CNF composite films with a CNF content of 4%appeared to have the optimal electrochemical performance,with an area specific capacitance of 56 mF/cm^(2) and prominent capacitance retention of 95.6%at a current density of 1 A/g after 1000 cycles.This work demonstrated that the prepared Co_(3)O_(4)/graphene/CNF flexible composite films have great application potential in the field of flexible energy storage devices.

基于模糊解耦策略的小型注塑机料筒温度F-PI复合控制器

在塑料产品的生产过程中,注塑机料筒温度的响应速度和稳定性对最终塑料产品的质量具有重要影响。为了提高小型注塑机料筒温度的控制精度,针对料筒具有的惯性大、非线性、大滞后、强耦合等温度特性,在模糊控制不能满足控制要求的背景下,提出了基于相邻加热段之间温差的模糊解耦策略,通过利用相邻加热段之间的温差信息,建立模糊解耦控制器,对各段料筒之间的温度耦合进行解耦控制。实验结果表明,该控制方法效果良好,达到目标温度所用时间为1092 s,最大超调量只有3%,但稳态性能较差。为解决稳态性能较差的问题,在模糊解耦的基础上建立F-PI复合控制器,通过引入积分环节消除系统在稳态下的偏差。在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行仿真并在注塑机上进行验证,结果表明,F-PI复合控制方法不仅具有良好的动态响应,还具有更高的稳态精度,稳态偏差仅为±1℃。因此基于模糊解耦策略的F-PI复合控制方法不仅能对料筒的温度耦合进行解耦控制,还有效提高了系统的稳定性和控制精度,具有良好的鲁棒性。