Hybrid Optimized PI Controller Design for Grid Tied PV Based Electric Vehicle

Nowadays,researchers are becoming increasingly concerned about developing a highly efficient emission free transportation and energy generation system for addressing the pressing issue of environmental crisis in the form of pollution and climate change.The introduction of Electric Vehicles(EVs)solves the challenge of emission-free transportation while the necessity for decarbonized energy production is fulfilled by the installation and expansion of solar-powered Photovoltaic(PV)systems.Hence,this paper focuses on designing an effective PV based EV charging system that aids in stepping towards the achievement of a pollution free future.For overcoming the inherent intermittency associated with PV,a novel DC-DC converter is designed by integrating both Trans Z-source con-verter and Luo converter,which offers remarkable benefits of high conversion range,lesser voltage stress and excellent efficiency.A novel robust Lion Grey Wolf Optimized Proportional Integral(LGWO-PI)controller is designed for sig-nificantly strengthening the operation of the integrated converter in terms of peak overshoot,Total Harmonic Distortion(THD)and settling time.A 3’Voltage Source Inverter(VSI)is employed to convert the stable DC output from the PV sys-tem to AC,which is then used for driving the Brushless Direct Current Motor(BLDC)motor of EV.The speed of the BLDC is regulated using a PI controller.The BLDC motor gets the power supply from the grid during the unavailability of PV based power supply.The grid is integrated with the designed EV charging system through a 1’VSI and the process of grid voltage synchronization is carried out with the application of PI controller.The simulation for evaluating the operation of the presented EV charging system is done using MATLAB and the attained out-comes have validated that this introduced methodology delivers enhanced perfor-mance with optimal efficiency of 97.6%and lesser THD of 2.1%.

Gaussian PI Controller Network Classifier for Grid-Connected Renewable Energy System

Multi-port converters are considered as exceeding earlier period decade owing to function in a combination of different energy sources in a single processing unit.Renewable energy sources are playing a significant role in the modern energy system with rapid development.In renewable sources like fuel combustion and solar energy,the generated voltages change due to their environmental changes.To develop energy resources,electric power generation involved huge awareness.The power and output voltages are plays important role in our work but it not considered in the existing system.For considering the power and voltage,Gaussian PI Controller-Maxpooling Deep Convolutional Neural Network Classifier(GPIC-MDCNNC)Model is introduced for the grid-connected renewable energy system.The input information is collected from two input sources.After that,input layer transfer information to hidden layer 1 fuzzy PI is employed for controlling voltage in GPIC-MDCNNC Model.Hidden layer 1 is transferred to hidden layer 2.Gaussian activation is employed for determining the output voltage with help of the controller.At last,the output layer offers the last value in GPIC-MDCNNC Model.The designed method was confirmed using one and multiple sources by stable and unpredictable input voltages.GPIC-MDCNNC Model increases the performance of grid-connected renewable energy systems by enhanced voltage value compared with state-of-the-art works.The control technique using GPIC-MDCNNC Model increases the dynamics of hybrid energy systems connected to the grid.

DC–DC Converter with Pi Controller for BLDC Motor Fuzzy Drive System

The Brushless DC Motor drive systems are used widely with renewable energy resources.The power converter controlling technique increases the performance by novel techniques and algorithms.Conventional approaches are mostly focused on buck converter,Fuzzy logic control with various switching activity.In this proposed research work,the QPSO(Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm)is used on the switching state of converter from the generation unit of solar module.Through the duty cycle pulse from optimization function,the MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)of the Boost converter gets switched when BLDC(Brushless Direct Current Motor)motor drive system requires power.Voltage Source three phase inverter and Boost converter is controlled by proportional-integral(PI)controller.Based on the BLDC drive,the load utilized from the solar generating module.Experimental results analyzed every module of the proposed grid system,which are solar generation utilizes the irradiance and temperature depends on this the Photovoltaics(PV)power is generated and the QPSO with Duty cycle switching state is determined.The Boost converter module is boost stage based on generation and load is obtained.Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter(SEPIC)and Zeta converter model is compared with the proposed logic;the proposed boost converter achieves the results.Three phase inverter control,PI,and BLDC motor drive results.Thus the proposed grid model is constructed to obtain the better performance results than most recent literatures.Overall design model is done by using MATLAB/Simulink 2020a.

Stability Improvement of Power System by Using PI ＆ PD Controller

This paper presents the model of a SVC （Static VAR Compensator） which is controlled externally by a PI （Proportional Integral） ＆ PD （Proportional Differential） controllers for the improvements of voltage stability and damping effect of an on line power system. Both controller parameters has been optimized by using Ziegler-Nichols close loop tuning method. Both single phase and three phase （L-L） faults have been considered in the research. In this paper, a power system network is considered which is simulated in the phasor simulation method ＆ the network is simulated in four steps; without SVC, With SVC but no externally controlled, SVC with PI controller ＆ SVC with PD controller. Simulation result shows that without SVC, the system parameters become unstable during faults. When SVC is imposed in the network, then system parameters become stable. Again, when SVC is controlled externally by PI ＆ PD controllers, then system parameters becomes stable in faster way then without controller. It has been observed that the SVC ratings are only 50 MVA with controllers and 200 MVA without controllers. So, SVC with PI ＆ PD controllers are more effective to enhance the voltage stability and increases power transmission capacity of a power system. The power system oscillations are also reduced with controllers in compared to that of without controllers. So with both controllers the system performance is greatly enhanced.

基于PI建模和反步滑模控制的主动波浪补偿策略

海上起重船受风、浪、涌影响会产生剧烈的船舶姿态变化,造成起重机和货物的位姿变化,对货物和人员存在安全隐患,波浪补偿平台的稳定性控制能有效减少复杂海况下船舶运动对海上作业安全性、稳定性和精准性的影响,对浮式起重船海上设备精准装载作业极其重要。针对补偿平台的迟滞非线性导致的建模困难和控制不精确问题,本文提出基于PI(Prandtle–Ishlinskii)建模和反步滑模控制的主动波浪补偿策略。首先,通过实验得到补偿系统的迟滞效应曲线,分析系统迟滞环建立PI迟滞模型,并采用递推最小二乘法辨识模型的各个参数,从而求得系统模型。然后,基于李雅普诺夫(Lyapunov)稳定性设计反步控制补偿方法,并结合滑模控制规律加快初始控制速度。最后,将反步滑模法应用于补偿系统,采用MATLAB软件仿真在规则波和不规则波下的响应来验证算法和模型的正确性,并在工控机中用C#编写控制程序,驱动运动控制卡控制伺服电机带动电缸进行补偿运动,同时通过传感器采集系统运动的实时数据,并反馈给工控机形成闭环,以期验证补偿平台在补偿规则波和不规则波下的补偿效果。实验结果表明,所建立的斯图尔特(Stewart)浮式平台中,PI迟滞模型具有良好的精度,反步终端滑模控制算法在Stewart平台的实际控制中能够很好地补偿波浪运动,相比比例–积分–微分控制(PID)、反步法、强化学习等控制方法,反步终端滑模方法能快速较好跟踪期望位移,补偿精度达到0.9729。

基于PD-滑模耦合算法的压电智能薄板颤振抑制

针对工件柔性主导的薄壁件铣削颤振问题,提出了一种基于PD–滑模耦合算法的压电智能薄板颤振抑制方法。首先设计了只需位移测量的主动控制算法,基于滑模控制理论处理系统参数不确定性和外部扰动,通过动态补偿器对未知切削状态进行在线近似和补偿;为解决传感误差和系统时滞问题,在滑模控制器中进一步耦合了时空依变PD控制模型,借助ABAQUS仿真拟合控制参数时变函数;最后设计了一套薄壁件主动控制装置,试验结果显示采用主动控制可有效抑制薄壁件铣削颤振,验证了控制方法的可行性。

DAB储能变换器双闭环模型预测控制与PI补偿控制策略研究

针对直流微电网中分布式电源输入输出功率不稳定造成的直流母线电压波动问题,鉴于双有源桥(DAB)储能变换器具有能量双向流动的特点,提出一种基于内模原理的双闭环模型预测控制策略。在分析DAB变换器扩展移相调制原理与特性基础上,重点研究电压外环和电流内环的模型预测控制策略。针对模型预测控制性能依赖电路参数准确度问题,分别从电路主要参数失配对功率传输和直流母线稳压的影响两个角度出发,深入分析模型参数敏感度。最终设置直流母线电压稳态误差灵敏度区,在误差灵敏度区外仅采用双闭环模型预测控制以保证系统的动态响应性能,在误差灵敏度区内采用双闭环模型预测控制和PI补偿控制以消除系统稳态误差。搭建实验平台进行实验验证,结果表明:在系统受到扰动时,DAB储能变换器可实现快速地充放电对系统进行补偿,混合控制策略可快速保持母线电压的稳定,实现系统功率均衡,增强系统抗扰能力。

模糊整定PI参数的双柔性机械臂振动抑制

机械臂伺服驱动系统中柔性因素的存在易导致机械臂输出转速波动,甚至引发系统谐振.为抑制系统转速波动,使机械臂传动系统性能稳定,使用模糊理论整定PI控制器参数的控制策略.根据假设模态法和拉格朗日动力学方程建立了考虑LuGre摩擦模型的双柔性机械臂传动系统动力学方程,并分析了动力学方程中耦合非线性项对系统传动特性的影响.使用极点配置策略确定PI控制器参数的取值范围,后根据模糊规则实时调整控制器参数,以减小伺服系统输出转速的波动,进而抑制系统谐振.最后,借助数值仿真分析和机械臂控制实验,与传统PI控制策略对比,发现本文所述控制策略可使电机端转角跟踪误差绝对值的平均值降低43.066%,柔性负载转角误差的标准差降低46.506%,更加验证了所提模糊规则整定PI控制器参数抑振方法的有效性.

基于改进灰色预测单神经元PI的全超导托卡马克核聚变发电装置快控电源电流控制

全超导托卡马克核聚变发电装置(EAST)快控电源负载电感的电流受多种不确定环境因素的影响而难以预测,灰色预测无需精确对象模型,只需少量已知信息即可实现输出电流短期预测,已在EAST快控电源中有了一定研究应用。为解决灰色预测在EAST快控电源中对突变信号边沿预测精度低和预测延时时间长的问题,提出一种改进灰色预测算法实现输出电流预测。在一个开关周期内对输出电流进行等时长间隔采样4次作为原始序列,将滚动式采样预测改为逐周期采样预测,在实现灰色预测的过程中不必依赖过去几个周期的历史采样信息,只需本周期的4个原始采样值即可实现输出电流的预测。根据预测电流与参考电流误差自适应调整单神经元比例-积分(PI)控制的输出增益,实现输出电流的快速准确控制。仿真和实验结果表明,在EAST快控电源电流预测过程中所提出的改进灰色预测,对比传统灰色预测具有更高的预测精度和更小的预测延时,改进灰色预测变增益单神经元PI控制能够在减小电流超调的同时加快输出电流响应速度。

高压输电线软体巡检机器人磁致动机制及PI滑模控制研究

为解决高压输电线刚性悬臂巡检机器人尺寸大、笨重、越障不灵活、效率低等问题,设计一种高压磁致动软体巡检机器人,利用载流线圈在高压直流环形磁场中受到的安培力驱动软体机器人以柔顺和蠕动方式高效灵活地跨越多种障碍物。对该机器人进行本体构型设计并分析其工作姿态,实现稳定巡检功能;对磁致动驱动器进行理论设计和分析,利用Comsol仿真软件对其所需驱动力进行仿真,验证理论的可实行性;通过拉格朗日法对高压磁致动软体巡检机器人进行动力学建模,构建系统动力学方程,获取机器人的关节角度、速度、加速度之间的关系;最后,通过MATLAB利用基于PI滑模控制法对简化后的高压磁致动软体巡检机器人动力学模型实行速度和角速度高精度追踪仿真。仿真结果表明:在滑模控制下,角度在1.5 s追踪上理想信号,角速度在0.3 s后追上理想信号,证明基于PI的滑模控制器能够实现对高压磁致动软体巡检机器人的有效控制。

基于板带厚度误差PI反馈的轧机辊缝调节方法

针对轧机刚度系数未知波动影响板带厚度控制精度的问题,提出了基于板带厚度误差PI反馈的轧机辊缝调节方法。首先,建立轧机弹跳方程、液压辊缝调节动态方程,以及从辊缝设定值到板带出口厚度的动态方程;其次通过测厚仪和测压计,获取轧机出口处的板带厚度,以及轧机施加的轧制压力;然后设计基于板带厚度误差量PI反馈的辊缝大小的设定值,同时引入比例反馈增益系数与积分反馈增益系数的单参数化设计;最后将辊缝大小的设定值输入轧机液压辊缝调节系统进行辊缝调节,最终形成一套完整的轧机辊缝调节方法。该方法提高了轧制参数的预设定精度,大大减小了轧机刚度系数波动对板带厚度控制精度的影响,从而提高了板带厚度精度。

Vision Navigation Based PID Control for Line Tracking Robot

In a controlled indoor environment,line tracking has become the most practical and reliable navigation strategy for autonomous mobile robots.A line tracking robot is a self-mobile machine that can recognize and track a painted line on thefloor.In general,the path is set and can be visible,such as a black line on a white surface with high contrasting colors.The robot’s path is marked by a distinct line or track,which the robot follows to move.Several scientific contributions from the disciplines of vision and control have been made to mobile robot vision-based navigation.Localization,automated map generation,autonomous navigation and path tracking is all becoming more frequent in vision applications.A visual navigation line tracking robot should detect the line with a camera using an image processing technique.The paper focuses on combining computer vision techniques with a proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control-ler for automatic steering and speed control.A prototype line tracking robot is used to evaluate the proposed control strategy.

基于串级PI-(1+PD)算法的含飞轮储能互联电网AGC控制器设计

针对传统控制器存在的响应速度较慢、超调较大及鲁棒性较差等问题,提出一种基于串级PI-(1+PD)算法的含飞轮储能互联电网AGC控制器设计方法。首先,建立含飞轮储能的两区域互联电网AGC系统模型,模拟飞轮储能联合火电机组参与AGC的过程。然后,设计一种基于串级PI-(1+PD)算法的AGC控制器。外环采用PI控制,内环采用带滤波系数的(1+PD)控制。在保证系统稳态性能的前提下,提高动态响应速度和抗扰能力,并通过粒子群算法的迭代寻优获得最优的控制器参数。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink进行算例仿真分析。结果表明:与传统PID控制和PI-PD控制相比,所提方法不仅具有更快的响应速度与更小的超调量,而且增强了系统抵御内部参数摄动的鲁棒性。

Optimal PD/PID control of smart base isolated buildings equipped with piezoelectric friction dampers

Long-period pulses in near-field earthquakes lead to large displacements in the base of isolated structures.To dissipate energy in isolated structures using semi-active control,piezoelectric friction dampers（PFD） can be employed.The performance of a PFD is highly dependent on the strategy applied to adjust its contact force.In this paper,the seismic control of a benchmark isolated building equipped with PFD using PD/PID controllers is developed.Using genetic algorithms,these controllers are optimized to create a balance between the performance and robustness of the closed-loop structural system.One advantage of this technique is that the controller forces can easily be estimated.In addition,the structure is equipped with only a single sensor at the base floor to measure the base displacement.Considering seven pairs of earthquakes and nine performance indices,the performance of the closed-loop system is evaluated.Then,the results are compared with those given by two well-known methods：the maximum possive operation of piezoelectric friction dampers and LQG controllers.The simulation results show that the proposed controllers perform better than the others in terms of simultaneous reduction of floor acceleration and maximum displacement of the isolator.Moreover,they are able to reduce the displacement of the isolator systems for different earthquakes without losing the advantages of isolation.

Genetic algorithm tuned PI controller on PMSM simplified vector control

A simple control structure in servo system is occasionally needed for simple industrial application which precise and high control performance is not exessively important so that the cost production can be reduced efficiently. Simplified vector control, which has simple control structure, is utilized as the permanent magnet synchronous motor control algorithm and genetic algorithm is used to tune three PI controllers used in simplified vector control. The control performance is obtained from simulation and investigated to verify the feasibility of the algorithm to be applied in the real application. Simulation results show that the speed and torque responses of the system in both continuous time and discrete time can achieve good performances. Furthermore, simplified vector control combined with genetic algorithm has a similar perfofmance with conventional field oriented control algorithm and possible to be realized into the real simple application in the future.

基于PI闭环反馈的EtherCAT分布式时钟漂移补偿优化

接入工业总线的设备的增加会导致高延迟等同步性问题。基于EtherCAT对分布式时钟同步算法进行研究与分析,针对其在漂移补偿过程中存在补偿精度低的问题,提出了一种基于闭环反馈控制思想的动态漂移补偿算法。算法先利用定点数改进本地时钟,再利用PI控制调节漂移补偿值。最后搭建了测试平台,包括基于SOEM实现的主站与基于STM32+FPGA架构实现的从站,优化前后的算法分别在FPGA中实现。测试结果表明:定点数改进的本地时钟分辨率可以达到2^(-20) ns, PI闭环反馈优化后的漂移补偿算法可以将同步误差降低到25 ns之内,明显提高从站之间的同步性能。

Disturbance Observer Based Speed Control of PMSM Using Fractional Order PI Controller

In this paper, fractional order PI(FOPI) control is developed for speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM). Designing the parameters for FOPI controller is a challenging task, especially for nonlinear systems like PMSM.All three PI controllers in the conventional vector controlled speed drive are replaced by FOPI controllers. Design of these FOPI controllers is based on the locally linearized model of PMSM around an operating point. This operating point changes with the load torque. The novelty of the work reported here is in use of Non Linear Disturbance Observer(NLDO) to estimate load torque to obtain this new operating point. All three FOPI controllers are then designed adaptively using this new operating point. The scheme is tested on simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are presented.

基于滑模PI控制的电动汽车集群出力与调频联合优化

电动汽车(EV)集群在参与电网调频时,持续大量的出力可能会导致系统频率出现超调现象,且会增加系统的调频成本和对EV集群的补偿成本。在保证系统频率稳定的前提下,为了协调EV集群与发电机的出力,提出了基于滑模比例-积分(PI)控制的发电机和EV集群联合优化方法,并以系统调频成本和频率稳定为目标,对EV集群的车辆投入比例进行优化。考虑私家车、公交车、出租车这3种类型EV参与电网辅助调频,建立了EV集群参与微电网调频的单区域系统模型,通过滑模PI对EV集群进行控制,在保证频率稳定的情况下,显著减小EV集群出力;进一步对EV集群车辆投入比例参数进行优化,显著降低系统的调频成本。对发电机容量充足、不足的工况进行仿真,并对比参数优化前、后的结果,验证了所提联合优化方法的有效性和经济性。

IMC based robust PID controller tuning for disturbance rejection

It is well-known that the IMC-PID controller tuning gives fast and improved set point response but slow disturbance rejection. A modification has been proposed in IMC-PID tuning rule for the improved disturbance rejection. For the modified IMC-PID tuning rule, a method has been developed to obtain the IMC-PID setting in closed-loop mode without acquiring detailed information of the process. The proposed method is based on the closed-loop step set point experiment using a proportional only controller with gain K_(c0). It is the direct approach to find the PID controller setting similar to classical Ziegler-Nichols closed-loop method. Based on simulations of a wide range of first-order with delay processes, a simple correlation has been derived to obtain the modified IMC-PID controller settings from closed-loop experiment. In this method, controller gain is a function of the overshoot obtained in the closed loop set point experiment. The integral and derivative time is mainly a function of the time to reach the first peak(overshoot). Simulation has been conducted for the broad class of processes and the controllers were tuned to have the same degree of robustness by measuring the maximum sensitivity, Ms, in order to obtain a reasonable comparison. The PID controller settings obtained in the proposed tuning method show better performance and robustness with other two-step tuning methods for the broad class of processes. It has also been applied to temperature control loop in distillation column model. The result has been compared to the open loop tuning method where it gives robust and fast response.

Robust PID controller design for time delay processes with peak of maximum sensitivity criteria

The motivation of this work is to obtain single PI/PID tuning formula for different types of processes with enhanced disturbance rejection performance. The proposed tuning formula consistently gives better performance in comparison to several well-known methods at the same degree of robustness for stable, integrating and unstable processes. For the selection of the closed-loop time constant(τc), a guideline is provided over a broad range of time-delay/time-constant ratios on the basis of the peak of maximum sensitivity(Ms). An analysis has been performed for the uncertainty margin with the different process parameters for the robust controller design. It gives the guideline of the Ms-value settings for the PI controller designs based on the process parameters uncertainty. Furthermore, a relationship has been developed between Ms-value and uncertainty margin with the different process parameters(k, τ and θ). Simulation study has been conducted for the broad class of processes and the controllers are tuned to have the same degree of robustness by measuring the maximum sensitivity, Ms, in order to obtain a reasonable comparison.