Are we ready to use new endoscopic scores for ulcerative colitis?

For ulcerative colitis(UC),the variability in inflammatory activity along the colon poses a challenge in management.The focus on achieving endoscopic healing in UC is evident,where the UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and Mayo Endoscopic Subscore are commonly used for evaluation.However,these indices primarily consider the most severely affected region.Liu et al recent study validates the Toronto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Global Endoscopic Reporting(TIGER)score offering a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory activity across diverse segments of the colon and rectum and a reliable index correlating strongly with UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and moderately with Mayo Endoscopic Subscore(MES).Despite recommendation,certain aspects warrant further invest-igation.Fecal calprotectin,an intermediate target,correlates with TIGER and should be explored.Determining TIGER scores defining endoscopic remission and response,evaluating agreement with histological activity,and assessing inter-endoscopist agreement for TIGER require scrutiny.Exploring the correlation between TIGER and intestinal ultrasound,akin to MES,adds value.

Fecal calprotectin and endoscopic scores: The cornerstones in clinical practice for evaluating mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease

Managing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is becoming increasingly complex and personalized,considering the advent of new advanced therapies with distinct mechanisms of action.Achieving mucosal healing(MH)is a pivotal therapeutic goal in IBD management and can prevent IBD progression and reduce flares,hospitalization,surgery,intestinal damage,and colorectal cancer.Employing proactive disease and therapy assessment is essential to achieve better control of intestinal inflammation,even if subclinical,to alter the natural course of IBD.Periodic monitoring of fecal calprotectin(FC)levels and interval endoscopic evaluations are cornerstones for evaluating response/remission to advanced therapies targeting IBD,assessing MH,and detecting subclinical recurrence.Here,we comment on the article by Ishida et al Moreover,this editorial aimed to review the role of FC and endoscopic scores in predicting MH in patients with IBD.Furthermore,we intend to present some evidence on the role of these markers in future targets,such as histological and transmural healing.Additional prospective multicenter studies with a stricter MH criterion,standardized endoscopic and histopathological analyses,and virtual chromoscopy,potentially including artificial intelligence and other biomarkers,are desired.

Garg incontinence scores: New scoring system on the horizon to evaluate fecal incontinence. Will it make a difference?

The main aim of this opinion review is to comment on the recent article published by Garg et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023;29:4593–4603.The authors in the published article developed a new scoring system,Garg incon-tinence scores(GIS),for fecal incontinence(FI).FI is a chronic debilitating disease that has a severe negative impact on the quality of life of the patients.Rome IV criteria define FI as multiple episodes of solid or liquid stool passed into the clothes at least twice a month.The associated social stigmatization often leads to significant under-reporting of the condition,which further impairs management.An important point is that the complexity and vagueness of the disease make it difficult for the patients to properly define and report the magnitude of the problem to their physicians.Due to this,the management becomes even more difficult.This issue is resolved up to a considerable extent by a scoring ques-tionnaire.There were several scoring systems in use for the last three decades.The prominent of them were the Cleveland Clinic scoring system or the Wexner scoring system,St.Marks Hospital or Vaizey’s scores,and the FI severity index.However,there were several shortcomings in these scoring systems.In the opinion review,we tried to analyze the strength of GIS and compare it to the existing scoring systems.The main pitfalls in the existing scoring systems were that most of them gave equal weightage to different types of FI(solid,liquid,flatus,etc.),were not comprehensive,and took only the surgeon’s perception of FI into view.In GIS,almost all shortcomings of previous scoring systems had been addressed:different weights were assigned to different types of FI by a robust statistical methodology;the scoring system was made comprehensive by including all types of FI that were previously omitted(urge,stress and mucus FI)and gave priority to patients’rather than the physicians’perceptions while developing the scoring system.Due to this,GIS indeed looked like a paradigm shift in the evaluation of FI.However,it is too early to conclude this,as GIS needs to be validated for accuracy and simplicity in future studies.

Comparing 11 early warning scores and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory performance of 11 vital sign-based early warning scores(EWSs)and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department(ED).METHODS:We performed a retrospective study on consecutive adult patients with an infection over 3 months in a public ED in Hong Kong.The primary outcome was sepsis(Sepsis-3 definition)within 48 h of ED presentation.Using c-statistics and the DeLong test,we compared 11 EWSs,including the National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS2),Modified Early Warning Score,and Worthing Physiological Scoring System(WPS),etc.,and three shock indices(the shock index[SI],modified shock index[MSI],and diastolic shock index[DSI]),with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome(SIRS)and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)in predicting the primary outcome,intensive care unit admission,and mortality at different time points.RESULTS:We analyzed 601 patients,of whom 166(27.6%)developed sepsis.NEWS2 had the highest point estimate(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve[AUROC]0.75,95%CI 0.70-0.79)and was significantly better than SIRS,qSOFA,other EWSs and shock indices,except WPS,at predicting the primary outcome.However,the pooled sensitivity and specificity of NEWS2≥5 for the prediction of sepsis were 0.45(95%CI 0.37-0.52)and 0.88(95%CI 0.85-0.91),respectively.The discriminatory performance of all EWSs and shock indices declined when used to predict mortality at a more remote time point.CONCLUSION:NEWS2 compared favorably with other EWSs and shock indices in early sepsis prediction but its low sensitivity at the usual cut-off point requires further modification for sepsis screening.

Three predictive scores compared in a retrospective multicenter study of nonunion tibial shaft fracture

BACKGROUND Delayed union,malunion,and nonunion are serious complications in the healing of fractures.Predicting the risk of nonunion before or after surgery is challenging.AIM To compare the most prevalent predictive scores of nonunion used in clinical practice to determine the most accurate score for predicting nonunion.METHODS We collected data from patients with tibial shaft fractures undergoing surgery from January 2016 to December 2020 in three different trauma hospitals.In this retrospective multicenter study,we considered only fractures treated with intramedullary nailing.We calculated the tibia FRACTure prediction healING days(FRACTING)score,Nonunion Risk Determination score,and Leeds-Genoa Nonunion Index(LEG-NUI)score at the time of definitive fixation.RESULTS Of the 130 patients enrolled,89(68.4%)healed within 9 months and were classified as union.The remaining patients(n=41,31.5%)healed after more than 9 months or underwent other surgical procedures and were classified as nonunion.After calculation of the three scores,LEG-NUI and FRACTING were the most accurate at predicting healing.CONCLUSION LEG-NUI and FRACTING showed the best performances by accurately predicting union and nonunion.

Effects of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores on ankylosing spondylitis patients with sleep disorder

BACKGROUND Patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS)frequently suffer from comorbid sleep disorders,exacerbating the burden of the disease and affecting their quality of life.AIM To investigate the clinical significance of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores in patients with AS complicated by sleep disorders.METHODS A total of 106 AS patients with comorbid sleep disorders were included in the study.The patients were grouped into the desirable and undesirable prognosis groups in accordance with their clinical outcomes.The serum levels of inflammatory factors,including C-reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,interleukin(IL)-6,tumour necrosis factor-αand IL-1β,were measured.Disease activity scores,such as the Bath AS functional index,Bath AS disease activity index,Bath AS metrology index and AS disease activity score,were assessed.The health index was obtained through the Short Form-36 questionnaire.RESULTS The study found significant associations amongst serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores in AS patients with comorbid sleep disorders.Positive correlations were found between serum inflammatory factors and disease activity scores,indicating the influence of heightened systemic inflammation on disease severity and functional impairment.Conversely,negative correlations were found between disease activity scores and health index parameters,highlighting the effect of disease activity on various aspects of healthrelated quality of life.Logistic regression analysis further confirmed the predictive value of these factors on patient outcomes,underscoring their potential utility in risk assessment and prognostication.CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the intricate interplay amongst disease activity,systemic inflammation and patientreported health outcomes in AS patients complicated by sleep disorders.The results emphasise the need for comprehensive care strategies that address the diverse needs and challenges faced by these patients and underscore the potential relevance of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores as prognostic markers in this patient population.

Clinical prediction scores predicting weaning failure from invasive mechanical ventilation:Role and limitations

Invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)has become integral to modern-day critical care.Even though critically ill patients frequently require IMV support,weaning from IMV remains an arduous task,with the reported weaning failure(WF)rates being as high as 50%.Optimizing the timing for weaning may aid in reducing time spent on the ventilator,associated adverse effects,patient discomfort,and medical care costs.Since weaning is a complex process and WF is often multifactorial,several weaning scores have been developed to predict WF and aid decision-making.These scores are based on the patient's physiological and ventilatory parameters,but each has limitations.This review highlights the current role and limitations of the various clinical prediction scores available to predict WF.

Work Ability Index and Work Ability Score: A Comparation between both Scores in a Persistent COVID-19 Cohort

Aims: The present study aims to compare the assessment of work ability based on the use of the Work Ability Index (WAI) with another questionnaire base only on the use of WAI’s first item, termed as the “Work Ability Score” (WAS). Study design: A cohort of 384 Spanish workers included in a Post COVID-19 condition or persistent COVID-19 multicenter research was utilized. Place and Duration of Study: This cohort was enlisted in four hospitals (Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid;Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Andalucía;Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid and Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Castilla y León), since 2021 until 2022. Methodology: 384 Spanish workers (176 men and 208 women;aged 20 to 70 years) with Post COVID-19 condition or persistent COVID-19 were included. Descriptive analysis of primary scores was conducted. Given the non-normal distribution of data, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed. Spearman and Kendall correlations were employed to assess the relationship between WAI and WAS, also used weighted Kappa to estimate the degree agreement between WAI and WAS. Logistic regression models were utilized to study determinants influencing WAI and WAS, categorized as poor or moderate. Results: WAI had an average score of 32.98 (SD = 10.28), whereas WAS had an average of 5.95 (SD = 2.77). Significant differences were observed in both WAI and WAS across the same variables. Strong and statistically significant correlations were evident between WAI and WAS (rs = 0.83, p < 0.001). All the variables used in the logistic regression model (gender, the sector employment, and previous chronic diseases) were statistically significant in both questionnaires. Conclusion: WAS questionnaire could be used as a tool for reliable assessment of work ability among Spanish workers with Post COVID-19 condition or Persistent CO-VID-19.

Risk scores for allograft failure: Are they still useful in liver recipients from donation after circulatory death?

BACKGROUND Liver grafts from donation after circulatory death(DCD)are associated with a higher risk of early graft dysfunction,determined by the warm ischemia and cold ischemia times.It is essential to have precise criteria to identify this complication in order to guide therapeutic strategies.AIM To validate different graft and recipient survival scores in patients undergoing liver transplantation(LT)with DCD grafts.METHODS A retrospective and observational unicentric study was conducted on 65 LT patients with grafts obtained from controlled DCD donors from November 2013 to November 2022.The United Kingdom(UK)risk score,early allograft dysfunction(EAD)Olthoff score,and model for early allograft function(MEAF)score were used to evaluate the risk of graft and recipient survival post-transplant.For survival analysis purposes,we used the Kaplan-Meier method,and the differences between subgroups were compared using the log-rank(Mantel-Cox)test.RESULTS Sixty-five patients were included in the study.The UK risk score did not demonstrate predictive capacity for recipient or graft survival.However,in donors aged over 70 years old(18.4%),it significantly predicted graft survival(P<0.05).According to Kaplan-Meier survival curves,graft survival rates at 6 months,2 years,and 5 years in the futility group dramatically decreased to 50%compared to the other groups(log-rank 8.806,P<0.05).The EAD Olthoff and MEAF scores did not demonstrate predictive capacity for recipient or graft survival.Based on Kaplan-Meier survival curves,patients with a MEAF score≥7 had a lower graft survival rate at 6 months,2 years,and 5 years compared to patients with a lower MEAF score(log-rank 4.667,P<0.05).CONCLUSION In our series,both UK DCD risk score and MEAF score showed predictive capability for graft survival.

Evaluation of the Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Toddlers with Spinal Dysraphism after Surgical Repair Using ASQ-3™ Scores

Background: Spinal dysraphism represents a wide spectrum of congenital abnormalities of the spine. Myelomeningocele is considered the most common malformation and the most common we saw in our community, with its morbidity problems seen commonly in the postoperative period. ASQ-3TM Scores are the ages and stages questionnaire, third edition, and represent a tool to assess the development progress, especially in toddlers. Objectives: Evaluation of neurodevelopmental outcome among Sudanese toddlers with spinal dysraphism after surgical closure with or without a VP shunt using ASQ-3TM Scores. Methodology: This is a retrospective hospital-based study of 84 patients who underwent myelomeningocele repair at the National Center for Neurological Sciences (NCNS) during the period from 2017 up to 2019. Data were collected through a constructed questionnaire, including ASQ-3TM Scores. Data were processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) computer program. Version 25. Results: 84 patients were included in this study;all patients were diagnosed with spinal dysraphism. Out of them, 51 (60.7%) were 2 years old, 33 (39.3%) were 3 years old, 45 (53.6%) were male, 45 (53.6%) of patients mothers attended ANC irregularly, and 54 (64.3%) their mothers didn’t receive folate supplements. 44 (52.3%) of patients underwent MMC repair only, while 40 (47.7%) underwent MMC repair and VP shunt. The commonest postoperative complication was infection, reported in 12 (14.3%) of patients, followed by VP shunt revision in 9 (10.7%) of patients. Neurological assessment showed that the majority of patients need further assessment with a professional, 57 (67.9%) of children don’t walk, run, or climb like other toddlers as their parent’s state;also, half of patients (42, 50%) had medical problems, and 27 (32.1%) of their parent’s state that they do not talk like other toddlers their age. There was a statistically significant association between post-operative complications and communication development, problem-solving development, and personal social development (P value = 0.05), and a statistically significant association was found between age at repair and neurological development (P value = 0.05). Conclusion: The majority of patients had motor deficiency (particularly gross motor) and poor personal and social skills. Age at repair and postoperative complications significantly influenced the neurological development.

基于PI-RADSV2.1评分探讨不同场强多参数MRI对前列腺癌诊断的效能分析

本文旨在探讨多参数MRI检查及PI-RADS V2.1评分对前列腺癌诊断价值。方法 回顾性研究2018年7月至2023年9月安徽医科大学附属阜阳医院经前列腺穿或手术的105例患者(病理结果:前列腺癌34例,前列腺增生71)。患者术区分别行前列腺多参数磁共振检查(1.5TMRI:63例,3.0TMRI:42例)并进行PI-RADS V2.1评分。绘制ROC曲线,分析PI-RADS V2.1评分在不同场强磁共振检查对诊断前列腺癌的诊断价值。结果 基于PI-RADS V2.1评分1.5T及3.0T多参数MRI诊断前列腺癌的AUC分别为0.917、0.913,95%置信区间分别为0.845 ~ 0.989、0.845 ~ 0.989。两组检查AUC差值-0.0140,Z检验Z值-0.2604。两组检查最大约登指数分别为0.721、0.696,对应的PI-RADS V2.1评分为4分。结论 PI-RADS V2.1评分对前列腺癌诊断具有很高价值;在检查设备选择上,1.5TMRI与3.0TMRI在诊断价值上无显著差异。

Impact of Nursing Interventions Based on Self- Efficacy Theory on HAMA and HAMD Scores in Patients with Hepatitis B Cirrhosis

Objective:To explore the effect of nursing interventions based on self-efficacy theory guidance on psychological stress indicators in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:70 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis from October 2023 to May 2024 were selected and grouped by random number table.The observation group received nursing intervention based on self-efficacy theory,while the control group received routine nursing.The differences in psychological stress indicators,self-efficacy indicators,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD)scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale(CDSES)scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);and nursing satisfaction scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Hepatitis B cirrhosis patients receiving nursing care based on self-efficacy theory can stimulate patients'self-efficacy,calm their emotions,and their overall satisfaction is high.

PI-RADS评分3分诊断临床有意义前列腺癌的危险因素分析

目的探索前列腺影像报告与数据系统(PI-RADS)评分3分患者发生临床有意义前列腺癌(csPCa)的独立危险因素。方法选取2018年1月至2022年6月在陕西省人民医院泌尿外科接受前列腺系统穿刺PI-RADS评分3分的118例患者作为研究对象。采用Logistic回归分析明确csPCa的独立危险因素并通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)评估穿刺前游离前列腺特异性抗原/总前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA/tPSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)、直肠指检单独及联合应用诊断csPCa的准确性。结果118例患者中,29例(24.58%)患者诊断为csPCa,89例(75.42%)患者诊断为非csPCa。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,fPSA/tPSA≤0.16、PSAD≥0.20 ng/mL^(2)及直肠指检异常是csPCa的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。fPSA/tPSA、PSAD及直肠指检诊断csPCa的AUC值分别为0.71、0.80、0.74,联合应用后的AUC值为0.91。结论穿刺前fPSA/tPSA≤0.16、PSAD≥0.20 ng/mL^(2)及直肠指检异常是csPCa的独立危险因素,联合应用可以显著提高csPCa的诊断准确性,值得临床推广和应用。

超声剪切波弹性成像联合PI-RADS评分在前列腺病变良恶性诊断中的应用研究

目的探讨超声剪切波弹性成像(SWE)联合前列腺影像报告和数据系统(PI-RADS)评分在前列腺病变良恶性诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性选取2018年1月至2023年1月杭州市第九人民医院收治的96例前列腺疾病患者作为研究对象,根据术后病理检查结果分为前列腺增生组(n=51)和前列腺癌组(n=45)。两组均进行SWE和磁共振成像(MRI)扫描,比较两组超声和MRI影像学特征、SWE值和PI-RADS评分,并评估二者对前列腺病变良恶性的诊断效能。结果前列腺增生组SWE最大值、平均值均低于前列腺癌组(P<0.05);前列腺增生组PI-RADS评分低于前列腺癌组(P<0.05);受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,SWE最大值、SWE平均值和PI-RADS评分联合诊断良恶性前列腺病变的AUC高于单一指标(P<0.05)。结论SWE联合PI-RADS评分可提高前列腺病变良恶性的诊断效能,有助于前列腺癌的早期无创诊断。

PI-RADS v2评分联合表观扩散系数在前列腺癌中的诊断价值分析

目的探究前列腺影像报告和数据系统第二版(PI-RADS v2)评分联合表观扩散系数(ADC)对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法选取2017年7月—2021年7月治疗的80例前列腺疾病患者为研究对象,根据前列腺穿刺活检结果分为前列腺癌组51例和非前列腺癌组29例。所有患者在病情稳定状况下进行MRI平扫,测量ADC值,进行PI-RADS v2评分。比较2组PI-RADS v2评分及ADC值,采用受试者工作特征曲线评估PI-RADS v2评分联合ADC值对前列腺癌的诊断效能。结果前列腺癌组PI-RADS v2评分明显高于非前列腺癌组,ADC值明显低于非前列腺癌组(P<0.01)。PI-RADS v2评分(阈值为4分)诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为82.35%,特异度为75.86%,准确度为80.00%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.829;ADC值(阈值为850×10^(-6)mm^(2)/s)诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为78.43%,特异度为79.31%,准确度为78.75%,AUC为0.816;二者联合诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为92.16%,特异度为89.66%,准确度为91.23%,AUC为0.868。二者联合诊断前列腺癌的AUC明显大于PI-RADS v2评分和ADC值单独诊断(P<0.05)。结论PI-RADS v2评分联合ADC值对前列腺癌有较好的诊断价值,且较单一检测的准确度更高。

基于多参数MRI(PI-RADS)认知融合经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术与系统性穿刺诊断的有效性比较

目的:探索基于多参数核磁(MRI)和前列腺影像报告和数据系统(PI-RADS)的认知融合经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术和系统性穿刺诊断的有效性和安全性差异。方法:选取2018年01月至2021年02月我院收治的可疑前列腺癌(PCa)并行经会阴前列腺活检的患者,行多参数MRI扫描并依据PI-RADS对可疑病灶予以评分。入组患者随机分为基于多参数MRI(PI-RADS)认知融合经会阴前列腺穿刺组(试验组)和系统性穿刺组(对照组),分析两组的穿刺阳性率、病理信息和并发症等资料;在试验组内,根据穿刺步骤分为单纯认知融合穿刺组(TB组)和单纯系统性穿刺组(SB组),比较两种方式在病理信息方面的差异性。结果:最终入组80例患者。两组在总体PCa和无临床意义PCa诊断阳性率方面无差异性,但试验组对有临床意义前列腺的诊断阳性率高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组可获得更多的阳性针数占比、肿瘤组织占比及Gleason评分等信息(P均<0.05);在试验组内,TB组与SB组在诊断阳性率方面的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但TB组可获得更高的阳性针数占比、肿瘤组织占比及Gleason评分(P均<0.05)。试验组与对照组在操作后并发症方面均无差异性(P均>0.05)。结论:基于多参数MRI(PI-RADS)认知融合经会阴前列腺穿刺术相比于系统性穿刺可提高有临床意义PCa的诊断阳性率,并且可获得更高的肿瘤组织占比、Gleason评分和穿刺阳性针数,同时并不会增加穿刺并发症,有较高的临床应用价值。

基于Z-Score动态压缩的高效联邦学习算法

联邦学习作为一种具有隐私保护的新兴分布式计算范式,在一定程度上保护了用户隐私和数据安全。然而,由于联邦学习系统中客户端与服务器需要频繁地交换模型参数,造成了较大的通信开销。在带宽有限的无线通信场景中,这成为了限制联邦学习发展的主要瓶颈。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于Z-Score的动态稀疏压缩算法。通过引入Z-Score,对局部模型更新进行离群点检测,将重要的更新值视为离群点,从而将其挑选出来。在不需要复杂的排序算法以及原始模型更新的先验知识的情况下,实现模型更新的稀疏化。同时随着通信轮次的增加,根据全局模型的损失值动态地调整稀疏率,从而在保证模型精度的前提下最大程度地减少总通信量。通过实验证明,在I.I.D.数据场景下,该算法与联邦平均(FedAvg)算法相比可以降低95%的通信量,精度损失仅仅为1.6%,与FTTQ算法相比可以降低40%~50%的通信量,精度损失仅为1.29%,证明了该方法在保证模型性能的同时显著降低了通信成本。

PI-RADS v2.1与PI-RADS v2对前列腺癌诊断性能比较的Meta分析

目的对PI-RADS v2.1与PI-RADS v2在检测有临床意义的前列腺癌(cs PCa)中的诊断性能进行Meta分析。方法以“PIRADS v2.1”或“PI-RADS v2.1”为关键词检索CNKI、CBM、Medline、Embase等数据库所有文献。使用诊断准确性研究质量评估工具(QUADAS-2)进行文献质量评价,使用STATA17.0和Re Man5.4软件进行Meta分析。使用森林图表示每项研究的PI-RADS v2.1与PI-RADS v2的敏感度、特异性,并对敏感度、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断比值比进行合并,以综合受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)对诊断性能进行评估。对肿瘤位置、不同阈值、作者国籍进行亚组分析。结果共纳入12项研究,3158例患者,3243个病灶。PI-RADS v2.1在检测所有分区及整个腺体csPCa性能的SROC曲线下面积(AUC)较大。亚组分析显示:PI-RADS v2.1在检测移形带cs PCa性能的SROC曲线下面积(AUC)较大;阈值为4时和中国的研究中PI-RADS v2.1在检测cs PCa性能的SROC曲线下面积(AUC)最大。结论与PI-RADSv2相比,PI-RADSv2.1在检测有临床意义的cs PCa中,诊断性能并没有显著提高,总体特异性仍较低。

基于F-score和二进制灰狼优化的肿瘤基因选择方法

针对肿瘤基因数据维度高、噪声多、冗余性高的现状,结合Spearman相关系数改进F-score算法,在此基础上优化二进制灰狼算法,提出了一种基于改进F-score和二进制灰狼算法的肿瘤基因选择算法.首先,考虑特征之间的相关性,计算每个特征的F-score值和特征之间的Spearman相关系数的绝对值;然后,计算权重系数得出各个特征的权重值,依据重要性进行排序,选出初选特征子集;最后,通过收敛因子的衰减曲线和初始化方法优化二进制灰狼算法,调整全局搜索和局部搜索所占比例,增强全局搜索能力并提高局部搜索速度,有效节省时间开销,提升特征选择的分类性能和效率,得到最优特征子集.在9个肿瘤基因数据集上测试所提算法,在分类准确率和筛选特征数目两个指标上进行仿真实验,并与4种其他算法进行对比,实验结果证明所提算法表现良好,可有效降低基因数据维度,并具有较好的分类精度.

Age,blood tests and comorbidities and AIMS65 risk scores outperform Glasgow-Blatchford and pre-endoscopic Rockall score in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates.AIM To compare the performance of pre-endoscopic risk scores in predicting the following primary outcomes:In-hospital mortality,intervention(endoscopic or surgical)and length of admission(≥7 d).METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 363 patients presenting with upper GI bleeding from December 2020 to January 2021.We calculated and compared the area under the receiver operating characteristics curves(AUROCs)of Glasgow-Blatchford score(GBS),pre-endoscopic Rockall score(PERS),albumin,international normalized ratio,altered mental status,systolic blood pressure,age older than 65(AIMS65)and age,blood tests and comorbidities(ABC),including their optimal cut-off in variceal and non-variceal upper GI bleeding cohorts.We subsequently analyzed through a logistic binary regression model,if addition of lactate increased the score performance.RESULTS All scores had discriminative ability in predicting in-hospital mortality irrespective of study group.AIMS65 score had the best performance in the variceal bleeding group(AUROC=0.772;P<0.001),and ABC score(AUROC=0.775;P<0.001)in the non-variceal bleeding group.However,ABC score,at a cut-off value of 5.5,was the best predictor(AUROC=0.770,P=0.001)of inhospital mortality in both populations.PERS score was a good predictor for endoscopic treatment(AUC=0.604;P=0.046)in the variceal population,while GBS score,(AUROC=0.722;P=0.024),outperformed the other scores in predicting surgical intervention.Addition of lactate to AIMS65 score,increases by 5-fold the probability of in-hospital mortality(P<0.05)and by 12-fold if added to GBS score(P<0.003).No score proved to be a good predictor for length of admission.CONCLUSION ABC score is the most accurate in predicting in-hospital mortality in both mixed and non-variceal bleeding population.PERS and GBS should be used to determine need for endoscopic and surgical intervention,respectively.Lactate can be used as an additional tool to risk scores for predicting inhospital mortality.