Bilayer nicorandil-loaded small-diameter vascular grafts improve endothelial cell function via PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway

For the surgical treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD),there is a clear and unmet need in developing small-diameter(diameter<6 mm)vascular grafts.In our previous work,sulfated silk fibroin(SF)was successfully fabricated as a potential candidate for preparing vascular grafts due to the great cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility.However,vascular graft with single layer is difficult to adapt to the complex internal environment.In this work,polycaprolactone(PCL)and sulfated SF were used to fabricate bilayer vascular graft(BLVG)to mimic the structure of natural blood vessels.To enhance the biological activity of BLVG,nicorandil(NIC),an FDA-approved drug with multi-bioactivity,was loaded in the BLVG to fabricate NIC-loaded BLVG.The morphology,chemical composition and mechanical properties of NIC-loaded BLVG were assessed.The results showed that the bilayer structure of NIC-loaded BLVG endowed the graft with a biphasic drug release behavior.The in vitro studies indicated that NIC-loaded BLVG could significantly increase the proliferation,migration and antioxidation capability of endothelial cells(ECs).Moreover,we found that the potential biological mechanism was the activation of PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway.Overall,the results effectively demonstrated that NIC-loaded BLVG had a promising in vitro performance as a functional small-diameter vascular graft.

Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect against ischemic stroke by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit analogous functions to their parental cells,and can thus be used as substitutes for stem cells in stem cell therapy,thereby mitigating the risks of stem cell therapy and advancing the frontiers of stem cell-derived treatments.This lays a foundation for the development of potentially potent new treatment modalities for ischemic stroke.However,the precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles remain unclear,presenting challenges for clinical translation.To promote the translation of therapy based on human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles from the bench to the bedside,we conducted a comprehensive preclinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of ischemic stroke.We found that administration of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to an ischemic stroke rat model reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and promoted functional recovery by alleviating neuronal apoptosis.The human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduced neuronal apoptosis by enhancing phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase,mammalian target of rapamycin,and protein kinase B,and these effects were reversed by treatment with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor.These findings suggest that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles play a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.Finally,we showed that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have a good in vivo safety profile.Therefore,human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising potential agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus ameliorate restenosis via improving inflammation and regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Restenosis is a common complication following coronary angioplasty.The traditional use of seaweeds for health benefits has increasingly been explored,however few studies exist reporting its protective effects on the development of restenosis and gut dysbiosis.The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of seaweed extracts(SE) of Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus in inhibiting intimal hyperplasia in a rat model of restenosis and its underlying mechanisms in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells(vSMCs).16S rRNA sequencing was done to investigate the regulatory effect of SE on the gut microbiome of injured rats.As indicated by the results,SE significantly inhibited the progression of intimal hyperplasia in vivo,attenuated inflammation in macrophages and could inhibit the proliferation,dedifferentiation and migration of vSMCs.It was observed through immunoblotting assays that treatment with SE significantly upregulated PTEN expression in macrophages and inhibited the upregulation of PI3K and AKT expression in vSMCs.Meanwhile,according to the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis,supplementation with SE modulated gut microbiota composition in injured rats.In conclusion,SE could ameliorate intimal hyperplasia by inhibiting inflammation and vSMCs proliferation through the regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway and modulating the gut microbiome.

不同强度运动抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路改善自噬的比较

背景:2型糖尿病损害肾功能。研究表明运动干预可以保护肾脏;鸢尾素可以通过抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路恢复自噬,保护糖尿病肾病患者的肾功能。目的:探讨运动能否通过抑制肾脏磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路过度激活来恢复自噬,改善肾损伤,以及分析不同方式运动产生影响的差异。方法:将6周龄的SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组(正常大鼠)和糖尿病组,其中糖尿病组大鼠经过高脂高糖喂养加腹腔注射低剂量1%链脲佐菌素(30 mg/kg)建立2型糖尿病模型。造模成功后再将糖尿病组大鼠随机分成糖尿病模型组、中强度持续运动组和高强度间歇运动组。两个运动组大鼠分别进行8周不同强度运动干预。取材后采用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测大鼠空腹血糖,使用试剂盒检测糖化血红蛋白水平,Elisa法检测血清胰岛素浓度,计算胰岛素抵抗指数,RT-PCR检测肾组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、蛋白激酶B、雷帕霉素靶蛋白、Beclin-1、podocin、nephrin的基因表达量,Western Blot检测肾组织雷帕霉素靶蛋白及自噬标记蛋白LC3-1、LC3-2、Beclin-1的蛋白表达量。结果与结论:①2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平极显著性升高,胰岛素抵抗水平显著上升,胰岛素水平显著下降;两种运动均能使2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平极显著下降,胰岛素抵抗水平显著下降,胰岛素水平显著上升;与中强度持续运动组相比,高强度间歇运动组胰岛素水平显著上升。②2型糖尿病大鼠podocin、nephrin基因表达量显著降低;两种不同形式运动均能显著提高其表达;与高强度间歇运动组相比,中等强度持续性运动组足细胞相关蛋白基因表达有进一步上升趋势,但无显著性差异。③2型糖尿病大鼠肾组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、蛋白激酶B、mTORC1的mRNA及蛋白的表达量显著增加,自噬标志蛋白Beclin-1、LC3-2表达量以及LC3-2/LC3-1显著降低;两种不同形式运动均能使肾组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、蛋白激酶B、mTORC1的mRNA及雷帕霉素靶蛋白蛋白的表达量显著降低,自噬标志蛋白Beclin-1、LC3-2以及LC3-2/LC3-1显著升高;与中等强度持续性运动组相比,高强度间歇运动的磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、蛋白激酶B、mTORC1的mRNA及雷帕霉素靶蛋白的蛋白表达量有进一步下降的趋势,Beclin-1、LC3-2以及LC3-2/LC3-1有进一步升高的趋势,但仅Beclin-1有显著性差异。④结果说明2型糖尿病肾脏足细胞损伤,自噬受到抑制,与磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/mTORC1信号通路被异常激活密切相关。高强度间歇运动和中等强度持续性运动可以保护糖尿病肾脏,减少足细胞损伤,促进自噬恢复,这可能与运动抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路过度激活有关。与中等强度持续性运动相比,高强度间歇运动恢复自噬的效果呈更优趋势,但足细胞蛋白表达稍有下降。

湿润烧伤膏对老年烧伤整形术后患者创面愈合及PI3K/Akt/eNOS通路的影响

目的分析湿润烧伤膏对老年烧伤整形术后患者创面愈合及PI3K/Akt/eNOS通路的影响。方法分析2022年3月到2023年7月在宜宾市第二人民医院就诊的116例老年烧伤整形术后患者,按照随机数字法分为干预组(n=58)和对照组(n=58),两组患者均采用生理盐水进行创面清洗,对照组在生理盐水清创的基础上给予凡士林油纱治疗,干预组在对照组的基础上加用湿润烧伤膏治疗。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测EGF、bFGF水平,并采用免疫印迹法检测PI3K、Akt、eNOS蛋白表达水平,比较两组患者临床疗效、创面愈合(创面愈合时间、创面愈合率、肉芽生长面积),并比较两组治疗前后疼痛指数(VAS评分)、肉芽组织PI3K/Akt/eNOS通路(PI3K、Akt、eNOS)蛋白水平表达和EGF、bFGF水平。结果干预组的临床疗效、创面愈合率、肉芽生长面积均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而创面愈合时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者肉芽组织PI3K、Akt、eNOS蛋白、EGF、bFGF的水平均比治疗前升高,且干预组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的VAS评分均低于治疗前,且干预组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论湿润烧伤膏对老年烧伤整形术后患者的创面愈合效果较好,且能有效缓解疼痛,提高EGF、bFGF水平,可能是与调节PI3K/Akt/eNOS通路有关。

MicroRNA (let-7b-5p)-targeted DARS2 regulates lung adenocarcinoma growth by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Background:The aberrant intraellular expression of a mitochondrial aspartyl tRNA synthetase 2(DARS2)has been reported in human cancers.Nevertheless its critical role and detailed mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)remain unexplored.Methods:Initially,The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)based Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)database (http:/gepia.cancer-pku.cn/)was used to analyze the prognostic relevance of DARS2 expression in LUAD.Further,cell counting kit(CCK)8,immunostaining,and transwell invasion assays in LUAD cell lines in vitro,as well as DARS2 silence on LUAD by tumorigenicity experiments in wivo in nude mice,were performed.Besides,we analyzed the expression levels of p-PI3K(phosphorylated Phosphotylinosital3 kinase),PI3K,AKT(Protein Kinase B),p-AKT(phosphorylated Protein Kinase B),PCNA(proliferating cell nudear antigen),cleaved-caspase 3,E cadherin,and N-cadherin proteins using the Westem blot analysis.Results:LUAD tissues showed higher DARS2 expression compared to normal tissues.Upregulation of DARS2 could be related to Tumor-Node-Metastasis(TNM)stage,high lymph node metastasis,and inferior prognosis.DARS2 silence decreased the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities of LUAD cells.In addition,the DARS2 downregulation decreased the PCNA and N-cadherin expression and increased cleaved:caspase 3 and E cadherin expressions in LUAD cells,coupled with the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Moreover,DARS2 silence impaired the tumonigenicity of LUAD in vivo.Interestingly,let:7b-5p could recognize DARS2 through a complementary sequence.Mechanistically,the increased let 7b 5p expression attenuated the promo oncogenic action of DARS2 during LUAD progression,which were inversely correlated to each other in the LUAD tssues Conclusion:In summary,let 7b-5p,downregulated DARS2 expression,regulating the progression of LUAD cells by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

中药复方速回初压肽通过PI3K/Akt/eNOS通路对SHR大鼠内皮功能障碍的影响

目的 探讨中药复方速回初压肽通过PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路对高血压大鼠的胸主动脉血管内皮的保护作用。方法 将35只15周龄的雄性SHR大鼠随机分为5组:模型组、速回初压肽低、中、高剂量组、培哚普利组,每组7只;以7只同龄的Wistar大鼠作为正常组。无创血压检测系统检测给药前和给药后各组大鼠尾动脉收缩压和舒张压;超声心动图检测各组大鼠的心脏结构的变化;HE染色观察各组大鼠的胸主动脉病理变化;ELISA检测各组大鼠血清中的AngⅡ、ET-1和NO;Western Blot检测各组大鼠胸主动脉的PI3K、p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt、eNOS、p-eNOS蛋白表达。结果 给药8周后,速回初压肽低、中、高剂量组,培哚普利组大鼠收缩压和舒张压均低于模型组(P<0.05)。超声心动图结果显示,与模型组相比,速回初压肽中、高剂量组,培哚普利组的收缩末期左心室内径(LVIDs)、舒张末期左心室内径(LVIDd)、舒张末期左心室前壁的厚度(LVAWd)和舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWd)均显著降低(P<0.05)。HE结果显示,与模型组相比,速回初压肽中、高剂量组和培哚普利组大鼠的肿胀的内皮细胞得到改善,血管内皮趋于平滑。ELISA结果表明,与模型组比,速回初压肽中、高剂量组和培哚普利组血清中的NO含量显著升高(P<0.05),Ang II、ET-1含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。Western Blot结果表明,与模型组相比,速回初压肽中、高剂量组和培哚普利组的大鼠胸主动脉中的p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-eNOS/eNOS的蛋白表达水平显著上升。结论 中药复方速回初压肽可能通过影响PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路促进NO的释放,降低Ang II、ET-1的水平,改善SHR大鼠的内皮功能障碍,对SHR大鼠的血压具有显著的干预作用。

二甲双胍抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路保护骨关节炎模型大鼠关节软骨

背景:研究表明,二甲双胍具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗衰老与血管保护作用,可抑制骨关节炎的进展,但其具体的作用机制仍不明确。目的:探讨二甲双胍对骨关节炎模型大鼠软骨保护的作用机制。方法:取40只雄性SD大鼠,采用随机数字表法分4组(n=10):空白组不进行任何手术,假手术组暴露关节腔,模型组、二甲双胍组采用改良Hulth法建立骨关节炎模型;造模后1 d,二甲双胍组大鼠灌胃给予二甲双胍200 mg/(kg·d),模型组、空白组、假手术组灌胃给予生理盐水,连续给药4周。给药结束后,苏木精-伊红、甲苯胺蓝和番红O-固绿染色观察大鼠膝关节软骨病理形态,免疫组化染色与Western blotting检测大鼠软骨组织中SOX9、Ⅱ型胶原、ADAMTS5、Beclin1、P62、p-PI3K、PI3K、p-AKT、AKT、p-mTOR、mTOR的蛋白表达。结果与结论:①苏木精-伊红、甲苯胺蓝和番红O-固绿染色结果显示,空白组、假手术组大鼠膝关节软骨表面光滑,组织形态正常;模型组大鼠膝关节软骨表面不规则,软骨组织出现缺损,软骨细胞数量减少,软骨基质中蛋白多糖含量减少;相较于模型组,二甲双胍组大鼠膝关节软骨结构损伤有明显改善,软骨表面趋于平整,软骨细胞数量与软骨基质中蛋白多糖含量增加;②免疫组化染色与Western blotting检测结果显示,与空白组、假手术组比较,模型组大鼠软骨组织中SOX9、Ⅱ型胶原、Beclin1蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),ADAMTS5、P62及p-PI3K、p-AKT、p-mTOR蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,二甲双胍组大鼠软骨组织中SOX9、Ⅱ型胶原、Beclin1蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),ADAMTS5、P62及p-PI3K、p-AKT、p-mTOR蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);③结果表明,二甲双胍可通过抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的活化提高骨关节炎模型大鼠软骨细胞自噬活性、减少软骨基质降解,进而发挥关节软骨保护作用。

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell exosomes improve blood-brain barrier function after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating astrocytes via PI3K/AKT/MCP-1 axis

Cerebral edema caused by blood-brain barrier injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is an important factor leading to poor prognosis.Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell exosomes(hiPSC-NSC-Exos)have shown potential for brain injury repair in central nervous system diseases.In this study,we explored the impact of hiPSC-NSC-Exos on blood-brain barrier preservation and the underlying mechanism.Our results indicated that intranasal delivery of hiPSC-NSC-Exos mitigated neurological deficits,enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity,and reduced leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.Additionally,hiPSC-NSC-Exos decreased immune cell infiltration,activated astrocytes,and decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,macrophage inflammatory protein-1α,and tumor necrosis factor-αpost-intracerebral hemorrhage,thereby improving the inflammatory microenvironment.RNA sequencing indicated that hiPSC-NSC-Exo activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion,thereby improving blood-brain barrier integrity.Treatment with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 or the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 neutralizing agent C1142 abolished these effects.In summary,our findings suggest that hiPSC-NSC-Exos maintains blood-brain barrier integrity,in part by downregulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes.

Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Myricetin induces M2 macrophage polarization to alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via PI3K/Akt pathway

BACKGROUND Development of end-stage renal disease is predominantly attributed to diabetic nephropathy(DN).Previous studies have indicated that myricetin possesses the potential to mitigate the pathological alterations observed in renal tissue.Never-theless,the precise molecular mechanism through which myricetin influences the progression of DN remains uncertain.AIM To investigate the effects of myricetin on DN and explore its potential therapeutic mechanism.METHODS Db/db mice were administered myricetin intragastrically on a daily basis at doses of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg for a duration of 12 wk.Subsequently,blood and urine indexes were assessed,along with examination of renal tissue pathology.Kidney morphology and fibrosis were evaluated using various staining techniques including hematoxylin and eosin,periodic acid–Schiff,Masson’s trichrome,and Sirius-red.Additionally,high-glucose culturing was conducted on the RAW 264.7 cell line,treated with 25 mM myricetin or co-administered with the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 for a period of 24 h.In both in vivo and in vitro settings,quantification of inflammation factor levels was conducted using western blotting,real-time qPCR and ELISA.RESULTS In db/db mice,administration of myricetin led to a mitigating effect on DN-induced renal dysfunction and fibrosis.Notably,we observed a significant reduction in expressions of the kidney injury markers kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin,along with a decrease in expressions of inflammatory cytokine-related factors.Furthermore,myricetin treatment effectively inhibited the up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-6,and interluekin-1βinduced by high glucose in RAW 264.7 cells.Additionally,myricetin modulated the M1-type polarization of the RAW 264.7 cells.Molecular docking and bioinformatic analyses revealed Akt as the target of myricetin.The protective effect of myricetin was nullified upon blocking the polarization of RAW 264.7 via inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation using LY294002.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that myricetin effectively mitigates kidney injury in DN mice through the regulation of macrophage polarization via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Hypoglycemic mechanism of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharides on type 2 diabetic mice by altering gut microbiota and regulating the PI3K-akt signaling pathwaye

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.

PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路在葛根素抑制ox-LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞组织因子表达中的作用

目的:探讨磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/内皮型一氧化氮合酶(PI3K/Akt/eNOS)信号通路在葛根素(puerarin)抑制氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low-density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)诱导的血管内皮细胞组织因子(tissue factor,TF)表达中的作用。方法:实时荧光定量PCR检测TF的mRNA表达,Western blot检测TF和Akt的蛋白表达,硝酸盐还原酶法检测一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)含量。结果:与对照组相比,ox-LDL孵育内皮细胞后,内皮细胞TF的mRNA和蛋白表达升高,Akt蛋白磷酸化水平降低,细胞内NO产生减少;而葛根素预孵育内皮细胞1 h后,再用ox-LDL孵育,内皮细胞TF mRNA和蛋白表达下降,Akt蛋白磷酸化升高,细胞内NO产生增多;PI3K抑制剂LY294002和葛根素共同预孵育内皮细胞1 h后,再用ox-LDL孵育,内皮细胞TF的mRNA和蛋白表达升高,Akt蛋白磷酸化降低,细胞内NO产生减少;eNOS抑制剂NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)和葛根素共同预孵育内皮细胞,也明显阻断葛根素对ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞TF mRNA和蛋白表达、细胞Akt蛋白磷酸化和细胞内NO产生的作用。结论:葛根素可通过上调PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路抑制ox-LDL诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞TF mRNA和蛋白表达。

枸杞多糖通过调控PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路对去卵巢大鼠心肌产生抗氧化作用

目的:观察枸杞多糖对去卵巢大鼠心肌PI3K/Akt/e NOS信号通路的影响。方法:将30只SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组、去卵巢组、补佳乐组、枸杞多糖高剂量组及枸杞多糖低剂量组,ELISA法比较各组血清雌激素、LDH及CK水平,检测心肌H_2S含量及氧化应激损伤相关指标,HE染色观察各组心肌的形态变化,Western blot法检测各组大鼠心肌e NOS蛋白及PI3K/Akt通路蛋白的表达。结果:与假手术组相比,去卵巢组大鼠血清雌二醇水平降低,心肌H_2S含量和GSH-Px活性下降,心肌e NOS蛋白及PI3K/Akt通路蛋白的表达均有所降低,心肌ROS活性和MDA含量升高(P<0.05),心肌细胞排列紊乱,细胞间隙增大,血清LDH和CK活性均增多;与去卵巢组比较,枸杞多糖高剂量组大鼠血清雌二醇含量增加(P<0.05),心肌H_2S含量、GSH-Px活性、e NOS蛋白及Akt磷酸化水平均提高,心肌ROS活性和MDA含量下降(P<0.05),血清LDH和CK活性均降低,并且改善大鼠心肌形态的变化。结论:枸杞多糖可以通过调控PI3K/Akt/e NOS通路改善去卵巢大鼠心脏变化防治绝经后心血管病变。

Downregulation of Serum PTEN Expression in Mercury-Exposed Population and PI3K/AKT Pathway-Induced Inflammation

Objective This study investigated the impact of occupational mercury(Hg) exposure on human gene transcription and expression, and its potential biological mechanisms.Methods Differentially expressed genes related to Hg exposure were identified and validated using gene expression microarray analysis and extended validation. Hg-exposed cell models and PTEN lowexpression models were established in vitro using 293T cells. PTEN gene expression was assessed using qRT-PCR, and Western blotting was used to measure PTEN, AKT, and PI3K protein levels. IL-6 expression was determined by ELISA.Results Combined findings from gene expression microarray analysis, bioinformatics, and population expansion validation indicated significant downregulation of the PTEN gene in the high-concentration Hg exposure group. In the Hg-exposed cell model(25 and 10 μmol/L), a significant decrease in PTEN expression was observed, accompanied by a significant increase in PI3K, AKT, and IL-6 expression.Similarly, a low-expression cell model demonstrated that PTEN gene knockdown led to a significant decrease in PTEN protein expression and a substantial increase in PI3K, AKT, and IL-6 levels.Conclusion This is the first study to report that Hg exposure downregulates the PTEN gene, activates the PI3K/AKT regulatory pathway, and increases the expression of inflammatory factors, ultimately resulting in kidney inflammation.

益气健脾通便方对慢传输型便秘大鼠PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号途径作用机制研究

目的:观察益气健脾通便方对慢传输型便秘大鼠磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/内皮型一氧化氮合酶(PI3K/Akt/eNOS)信号通路的影响,探讨其治疗慢传输型便秘的作用机制。方法:共纳入60只SPF级8周龄wister大鼠,将50只大鼠运用“复方地芬诺酯灌胃法”造成慢传输型便秘模型后,随机分成模型组、莫沙必利组、益气健脾通便方低、中、高剂量组,每组各10只,其余10只大鼠设成正常对照组。各组大鼠连续给药4周,以大鼠一般情况、首粒黑便排出时间、粪便含水率、结肠组织一氧化氮(NO)及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)含量、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(P—Akt)阳性细胞面积及蛋白水平表达为观察指标。结果:益气健脾通便方各组均能明显提高大鼠粪便含水率(P<0.05),缩短首粒黑便排出时间(P<0.05),减少结肠组织NO及eNOS含量(P<0.05),提高结肠组织P—Akt阳性细胞面积及蛋白表达量(P<0.05),从而改善模型大鼠便秘症状,以中、高剂量疗效最为显著。结论:益气健脾通便方对慢传输型便秘大鼠具有治疗作用,其作用机制可能与其调控PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号途径有关。

Alleviatory effect of isoquercetin on benign prostatic hyperplasia via IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

We evaluated the effect of isoquercetin(quercetin-O-3-glucoside-quercetin,IQ)as a functional component of Abeliophyllum disistichum Nakai ethanol extract(ADLE)on prostate cell proliferation and apoptosis and its effects on the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Metabolites in ADLE were analyzed using UHPLC-qTOF-MS and HPLC.IQ was orally administered(1 or 10 mg/kg)to a testosterone propionate-induced BPH rat model,and its effects on the prostate weight were evaluated.The effect of IQ on androgen receptor(AR)signaling was analyzed in LNCaP cells.Whether IGF-1 and IQ affect the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in BPH-1 cells was also examined.The metabolites in ADLE were identified and quantified,which confirmed that ADLE contained abundant IQ(20.88 mg/g).IQ significantly reduced the prostate size in a concentration-dependent manner in a BPH rat model,and significantly decreased the expression of AR signaling factors in the rat prostate tissue and LNCaP cells in a concentration-dependent manner.IQ also inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activated by IGF-1 treatment in BPH-1 cells.In BPH-1 cells,IQ led to G0/G1 arrest and suppressed the expression of proliferation factors while inducing apoptosis.Thus,IQ shows potential for use as a pharmaceutical and nutraceutical for BPH.

基于PI3K/AKT/eNOS信号通路探讨健脾利湿化瘀方抑制前列腺癌血管生成的实验研究

[目的]在健脾利湿化瘀方临床疗效和前期实验的基础上,继续探讨健脾利湿化瘀方及其拆方在抑制人前列腺癌PC-3细胞荷瘤小鼠血管生成方面的作用,及其对PI3K/AKT/eNOS信号通路的影响。[方法]选取6~8周雄性裸鼠36只建立人前列腺癌荷瘤小鼠模型,随机分为空白对照组、西药组、全方组、君药组、臣药组和佐药组。实验各组干预14 d后处死取血称瘤质量,计算抑瘤率;使用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测血清中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、内皮型一氧化氮合成酶(eNOS);免疫组化法观察各组瘤组织中VEGF、ANG1的表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测肿瘤组织中磷脂酰肌3-羟激酶(PI3K)、丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT)、磷酸化的AKT(p-AKT)、eNOS蛋白表达水平。[结果]各给药组瘤体积、瘤质量均低于空白对照组(P<0.01),西药组、全方组、君药组、臣药组、佐药组的抑瘤率分别为53.95%、41.05%、19.21%、27.37%、31.32%,拆方组间比较,佐药组抑瘤效果较好,但无统计学差异(P>0.05);ELISA检测显示:各组VEGF、eNOS含量均低于空白对照组,其中西药组、全方组显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);Western Blot结果显示:各组PI3K、eNOS的蛋白表达均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),AKT蛋白表达无显著变化(P>0.05),p-AKT呈降低趋势(P<0.05),其中西药组、全方组、佐药组呈显著下降(P<0.01)。[结论]尽管与西药对比抑瘤作用较弱,但中药健脾利湿化瘀方对前列腺癌在血管生成方面具有确切的抑制作用,尤其是具有化瘀消癥散结作用的佐药组,可能与姜黄、王不留行中某些有效成分能够下调PI3K、eNOS蛋白,影响AKT磷酸化,阻断PI3K/AKT/eNOS信号通路相关。

湿润暴露疗法/湿润烧伤膏调控PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路促进创面修复的机制研究

目的探究湿润暴露疗法/湿润烧伤膏(MEBT/MEBO)调控PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路转录水平影响血管生成促进体表慢性难愈合创面修复的作用机制。方法145只雄性SD大鼠按随机法分成空白组21只、对照组31只、慢性创面组93只,慢性创面组制备完成后按随机法分成模型组、贝复新组和MEBT/MEBO组,每组31只。Real-Time PCR技术检测干预治疗后第3、7和14天创面组织PI3K、Akt、eNOS、VEGFR2的mRNA转录水平。结果(1)MEBT/MEBO组大鼠创面愈合时间及创面愈合率明显优于模型组(P<0.05);(2)与模型组相比,造模后第7天,MEBT/MEBO组大鼠创面组织PI3K、Akt、eNOS、VEGFR2转录水平均高表达(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论MEBT/MEBO能较理想地促体表慢性难愈合创面的伤口愈合,可能是通过活化PI3K/AKt/eNOS信号通路、刺激创面血管生成的作用机制,进而实现加快创面的愈合速率。

Thymoquinone affects hypoxia-inducible factor-1αexpression in pancreatic cancer cells via HSP90 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer(PC)is associated with some of the worst prognoses of all major cancers.Thymoquinone(TQ)has a long history in traditional medical practice and is known for its anti-cancer,anti-inflammatory,anti-fibrosis and antioxidant pharmacological activities.Recent studies on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and PC have shown that HIF-1αaffects the occurrence and development of PC in many aspects.In addition,TQ could inhibit the development of renal cancer by decreasing the expression of HIF-1α.Therefore,we speculate whether TQ affects HIF-1αexpression in PC cells and explore the mechanism.AIM To elucidate the effect of TQ in PC cells and the regulatory mechanism of HIF-1αexpression.METHODS Cell counting kit-8 assay,Transwell assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the effects of TQ on the proliferative activity,migration and invasion ability and apoptosis of PANC-1 cells and normal pancreatic duct epithelial(hTERTHPNE)cells.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were performed to detect the expression of HIF-1αmRNA and protein in PC cells.The effects of TQ on the HIF-1αprotein initial expression pathway and ubiquitination degradation in PANC-1 cells were examined by western blot assay and co-immunoprecipitation.RESULTS TQ significantly inhibited proliferative activity,migration,and invasion ability and promoted apoptosis of PANC-1 cells;however,no significant effects on hTERT-HPNE cells were observed.TQ significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1αin PANC-1,AsPC-1,and BxPC-3 cells.TQ significantly inhibited the expression of the HIF-1αinitial expression pathway(PI3K/AKT/mTOR)related proteins,and promoted the ubiquitination degradation of the HIF-1αprotein in PANC-1 cells.TQ had no effect on the hydroxylation and von Hippel Lindau protein mediated ubiquitination degradation of the HIF-1αprotein but affected the stability of the HIF-1αprotein by inhibiting the interaction between HIF-1αand HSP90,thus promoting its ubiquitination degradation.CONCLUSION The regulatory mechanism of TQ on HIF-1αprotein expression in PC cells was mainly to promote the ubiquitination degradation of the HIF-1αprotein by inhibiting the interaction between HIF-1αand HSP90;Secondly,TQ reduced the initial expression of HIF-1αprotein by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.