Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Alleviatory effect of isoquercetin on benign prostatic hyperplasia via IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

We evaluated the effect of isoquercetin(quercetin-O-3-glucoside-quercetin,IQ)as a functional component of Abeliophyllum disistichum Nakai ethanol extract(ADLE)on prostate cell proliferation and apoptosis and its effects on the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Metabolites in ADLE were analyzed using UHPLC-qTOF-MS and HPLC.IQ was orally administered(1 or 10 mg/kg)to a testosterone propionate-induced BPH rat model,and its effects on the prostate weight were evaluated.The effect of IQ on androgen receptor(AR)signaling was analyzed in LNCaP cells.Whether IGF-1 and IQ affect the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in BPH-1 cells was also examined.The metabolites in ADLE were identified and quantified,which confirmed that ADLE contained abundant IQ(20.88 mg/g).IQ significantly reduced the prostate size in a concentration-dependent manner in a BPH rat model,and significantly decreased the expression of AR signaling factors in the rat prostate tissue and LNCaP cells in a concentration-dependent manner.IQ also inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activated by IGF-1 treatment in BPH-1 cells.In BPH-1 cells,IQ led to G0/G1 arrest and suppressed the expression of proliferation factors while inducing apoptosis.Thus,IQ shows potential for use as a pharmaceutical and nutraceutical for BPH.

MTMR6激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路促进肝癌细胞侵袭

目的 探究肌微管素相关蛋白6(myotubularin-related protein 6,MTMR6)对人肝癌细胞(HepG2)侵袭能力的影响及潜在的分子机制。方法 在GEO数据库中通过分析肝癌组织与非癌肝组织的测序结果,筛选出差异表达基因MTMR6,随后从癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库中对MTMR6与通路相关性评分进行Spearman分析,最后通过Genemania数据库分析MTMR6与信号通路蛋白的互作关系。比较MTMR6在人正常肝细胞系(LO-2)和肝癌细胞系(Huh-7和HepG2)中的蛋白表达情况;选取HepG2作为研究对象,沉默或过表达MTMR6基因,运用Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力,蛋白免疫印迹实验(Western blot)检测MTMR6、PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、mTOR、p-mTOR、MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白表达。结果 MTMR6基因在肝癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织,并且MTMR6与PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路呈正线性相关(P<0.01),MTMR6与PI3K、AKT、mTOR蛋白之间存在互作关系。与LO-2和Huh-7细胞相比,MTMR6在HepG2细胞中的表达水平明显升高(P<0.01)。将HepG2细胞中MTMR6基因过表达,细胞侵袭能力明显增强(P<0.01),而将HepG2细胞中MTMR6基因沉默,细胞侵袭能力明显下降(P<0.01)。沉默MTMR6基因导致PI3K、AKT、mTOR蛋白的磷酸化水平以及MMP-2和MMP-9表达水平下降(P<0.01),而过表达MTMR6则促进PI3K、AKT、mTOR蛋白的磷酸化水平以及MMP-2和MMP-9表达水平升高(P<0.01)。使用特异性PI3K抑制剂LY294002阻断PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路下调MMP-2、MMP-9表达(P<0.01),但对MTMR6表达无影响。结论 MTMR6通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路促进肝癌细胞发生侵袭。

Downregulation of Serum PTEN Expression in Mercury-Exposed Population and PI3K/AKT Pathway-Induced Inflammation

Objective This study investigated the impact of occupational mercury(Hg) exposure on human gene transcription and expression, and its potential biological mechanisms.Methods Differentially expressed genes related to Hg exposure were identified and validated using gene expression microarray analysis and extended validation. Hg-exposed cell models and PTEN lowexpression models were established in vitro using 293T cells. PTEN gene expression was assessed using qRT-PCR, and Western blotting was used to measure PTEN, AKT, and PI3K protein levels. IL-6 expression was determined by ELISA.Results Combined findings from gene expression microarray analysis, bioinformatics, and population expansion validation indicated significant downregulation of the PTEN gene in the high-concentration Hg exposure group. In the Hg-exposed cell model(25 and 10 μmol/L), a significant decrease in PTEN expression was observed, accompanied by a significant increase in PI3K, AKT, and IL-6 expression.Similarly, a low-expression cell model demonstrated that PTEN gene knockdown led to a significant decrease in PTEN protein expression and a substantial increase in PI3K, AKT, and IL-6 levels.Conclusion This is the first study to report that Hg exposure downregulates the PTEN gene, activates the PI3K/AKT regulatory pathway, and increases the expression of inflammatory factors, ultimately resulting in kidney inflammation.

Echinoside A from Pearsonothuria graeffei Exert the Cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231 Cells via Mitochondrial Membrane and Modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway

A kind of triterpene glycosides echinoside A(EA)was extracted from sea cucumber Pearsonothuria graeffei,and its yield was about 0.78%.The purity of EA was 99.0%,and its molecular weight was 1206 Da.EA was a linear tetrasaccharide attached to a pentacyclic triterpene aglycon.It inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro.The antitumor effect was related to elevate ROS level,decrease mitochondrial membrane potential,enhance caspase-3 expression,induce cells apoptosis and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase.EA also dose-dependently suppressed the expressions of phophorylation proteins p-PI3K,p-Akt,and p-mTOR as analyzed by western blotting.These results suggested that EA caused MDA-MB-231 cells apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.EA can be a potential anti-breast cancer agent to enhance the clinical efficacy.

LAMC2 regulates proliferation, migration, and invasion mediated by the Pl3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in oral

Background:Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a common malignant tumor.Recently,Laminin Gamma 2(LAMC2)has been shown to be abnormally expressed in OSCC;however,how LAMC2 signaling contributes to the occurrence and development of OSCC and the role of autophagy in OSCC has not been fully explored.This study aimed to analyze the role and mechanism of LAMC2 signaling in OSCC and the involvement of autophagy in OSCC.Methods:To explore the mechanism by which LAMC2 is highly expressed in OSCC,we used small interfering RNA(siRNA)to knock down LAMC2 to further observe the changes in the signaling pathway.Furthermore,we used cell proliferation assays,Transwell invasion assays,and wound-healing assays to observe the changes in OSCC proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.RFP-LC3 was used to detect the level of autophagy intensity.A cell line-derived xenograft(CDX)model was used to detect the effect of LAMC2 on tumor growth in vivo.Results:This study found that the level of autophagy was correlated with the biological behavior of OSCC.The downregulation of LAMC2 activated autophagy and inhibited OSCC proliferation,invasion,and metastasis via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Moreover,autophagy has a dual effect on OSCC,and the synergistic downregulation of LAMC2 and autophagy can inhibit OSCC metastasis,invasion,and proliferation via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Conclusions:LAMC2 interacts with autophagy to regulate OSCC metastasis,invasion,and proliferation via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.LAMC2 down-regulation can synergistically modulate autophagy to inhibit OSCC migration,invasion,and proliferation.

Study on biological behavior and mechanism of icariin on mouse melanoma B16 cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Objective:To study the effect and mechanism of icariin on the migration,proliferation and apoptosis of mouse melanoma B16 cells.Methods:Mouse melanoma B16 cells were treated with icariin at different concentrations(0,10,20,50μmol/L)for 24 hours.Cell proliferation,morphology,apoptosis and migration ability were detected,and the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway related proteins was detected by Western blot assay.Results:After treatment with icariin,the inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of mouse melanoma B16 cells increased significantly with the increase of administration concentration(P<0.05).Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the cells in the blank control group(0μmol/L)were uniformly stained and the color was lighter,while the cells in the experimental group containing icariin were thicker in color.The higher the concentration of the icariin,the more obvious the degree of chromatin aggregation.The scratch healing rate of B16 cells and the cell count on the bottom of Transwell membrane decreased significantly with the increase of icariin concentration(P<0.05).The results of protein detection showed that with the increase of administration concentration,the expression of MMP-9,MMP-2 and mTOR decreased significantly,while the ratio of PI3K/pPI3K and AKT/pAKT increased significantly,and there was significant difference between the groups(P<0.05).Conclusions:Icariin can effectively inhibit the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway related proteins in mouse melanoma B16 cells,thus inducing apoptosis of tumor cells,inhibiting cell migration and finally exerting antitumor effect.

PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K通路在人舌鳞癌细胞耐药中的作用

目的:通过抑制舌鳞癌细胞中PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K信号通路的表达,检测细胞凋亡与自噬的变化,探讨舌鳞癌耐药的机制。方法:以舌鳞癌细胞Cal27与舌鳞癌耐顺铂细胞Cal27/CDDP为研究对象。分别用PI3K/AKT抑制剂LY294002、mTOR抑制剂Rapamycin、p70S6K抑制剂LY2584702作用该通路各个环节。Western blot检测通路抑制剂作用后相关蛋白的变化。Cyto-ID荧光染色检测自噬体的形成。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平。结果:Western blot结果显示加入抑制剂后舌鳞癌细胞Beclin1表达分别高于对照组,LC3II与LC3I以及Bax与Bcl-2的比值均升高,该通路的p-AKT、p-mTOR、p-p70S6K等蛋白均有下降(P<0.05)。流式结果显示加入抑制剂后的舌鳞癌细胞凋亡率分别较对照组升高(P<0.05)。Cyto-ID荧光染色后结果显示加入抑制剂后的舌鳞癌细胞自噬小体的数目明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。对比两组细胞显示加入抑制剂后的Cal27细胞发生凋亡与自噬的水平高于Cal27/CDDP(P<0.05)。结论:抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K信号通路可诱导舌鳞癌细胞Cal27与舌鳞癌耐顺铂细胞Cal27/CDDP发生凋亡与自噬,激活的PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K通路抑制细胞凋亡与自噬是Cal27/CDDP细胞产生顺铂耐药的原因之一。

木瓜总三萜通过调节miR-10a和PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K信号通路诱导胃癌细胞凋亡

目的:通过观察木瓜总三萜对人胃癌HGC-27细胞株生长的抑制作用,探寻其可能的作用机制。方法:将HGC-27细胞分别单用木瓜总三萜或同转染miR-10a mimic、PI3K抑制剂LY294002、mTOR抑制剂CCI-779及分别与木瓜总三萜联用处理后,采用MTT和JC-1法检测细胞活性和线粒体活性,实时定量PCR法检测miR-10a mRNA表达,Western blot法检测HGC-27细胞中PI3K、Akt、mTOR、p70S6K蛋白表达及其磷酸化。结果:木瓜总三萜可显著降低HGC-27细胞活性和线粒体活性,促进细胞凋亡;上调miR-10a mRNA表达,下调p-PI3K、p-Akt、p-mTOR、p-p70S6K蛋白表达及降低p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR、p-p70S6K/p70S6K比值(P<0.05)。结论:木瓜总三萜具有抑制人胃癌HGC-27细胞线粒体活性和细胞增殖的作用,其机制可能与促进miR-10a表达,抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K信号通路激活有关。

H_2S通过cAMP介导PI_3-K/Akt/P^(70S6K)通路抑制缺氧/复氧后神经元的凋亡

目的:研究H2S对缺氧/复氧后神经元存活信号转导通路PI3-K/Akt/P70S6K的影响。方法:取96孔和6孔培养板上培养7d的海马神经元,正常培养组(C组)神经元按正常培养方法培养。NaHS组在进行缺氧/复氧时加入NaHS使其终浓度为150μmol/L。Tri组、Rap组和Tri+Rap组在加入150μmol/LNaHS的同时分别加入triciribin10μmol/L、rapamycin10nmol/L或triciribin10μmol/L+rapamycin10nmol/L。96孔培养板的神经元进行细胞存活力的检测。6孔培养板的神经元进行神经元纯度鉴定、神经元凋亡、cAMP和PI3-K、Akt和P70S6K蛋白表达的检测。结果:NaHS显著增加了cAMP的浓度和PI3K、Akt、P70S6K蛋白的表达,同时增加了神经元存活率、降低了神经元凋亡率(P<0.01vsC组和A/R组)。Triciribin抑制了Akt和P70S6K表达同时降低了神经元存活率、升高了神经元凋亡率(P<0.05,P<0.01vsNaHS组)。Rapamycin抑制了P70S6K表达同时降低了神经元存活率、升高了神经元凋亡率(P<0.05,P<0.01vsNaHS组)。结论:H2S通过cAMP激活了PI3-K/Akt/P70S6K信号通路,抑制缺氧/复氧后海马神经元的凋亡。

Fibroblast-derived CXCL12/SDF-1α promotes CXCL6 secretion and co-operatively enhances metastatic potential through the PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway in colon cancer

AIM To investigate the underlying mechanism by which CXCL12 and CXCL6 influences the metastatic potential of colon cancer and internal relation of colon cancer and stromal cells. METHODS Western blotting was used to detect the expression of CXCL12 and CXCL6 in colon cancer cells and stromal cells. The co-operative effects of CXCL12 and CXCL6 on proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and proliferation and invasion assays. The angiogenesis of HUVECs through interaction with cancer cells and stromal cells was examined by angiogenesis assay. We eventually investigated activation of PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling by CXCL12 involved in the metastatic process of colon cancer.RESULTS CXCL12 was expressed in DLD-1 cancer cells and fibroblasts. The secretion level of CXCL6 by colon cancer cells and HUVECs were significantly promoted by fibroblasts derived from CXCL12. CXCL6 and CXCL2 could significantly enhance HUVEC proliferation and migration(P < 0.01). CXCL6 and CXCL2 enhanced angiogenesis by HUVECs when cultured with fibroblast cells and colon cancer cells(P < 0.01). CXCL12 also enhanced the invasion of colon cancer cells. Stromal cell-derived CXCL12 promoted the secretion level of CXCL6 and co-operatively promoted metastasis of colon carcinoma through activation of the PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway.CONCLUSION Fibroblast-derived CXCL12 enhanced the CXCL6 secretion of colon cancer cells,and both CXCL12 and CXCL6 co-operatively regulated the metastasis via the PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway. Blocking this pathway may be a potential anti-metastatic therapeutic target for patients with colon cancer.

PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors in proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells

AIM: To determine whether the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in homo-sapiens. METHODS: The retina of controls and patients with PVR were collected and their levels of PI3K, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6k and phospho-4EBP-1 were determined by Western blot. The cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cell line D407 was treated with a specific mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin (RAPA) or a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, of various concentrations and durations. Cell morphology was observed by phase contrast microscopy and the proliferation and apoptosis of treated cells were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Levels of PI3K, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, phospho-P70S6K and phospho-4EBP1 was increased in the retina in PVR (P <0.05). In D407 cells, both RAPA and LY294002 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, and promoted apoptosis (P <0.05); morphologically, the cells became smaller. Both RAPA and LY294002 reduced levels of phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6k and phospho-4EBP1 expression (P <0.05). RAPA, but not LY294002, had no significant effect on PI3K expression. CONCLUSION: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is highly activated in the retinal pigment epithelial cells of PVR. The inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, RAPA and LY294002, could inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by reducing the levels of phosphorylation of mTOR pathway components.

PI3K、Akt、mTOR、p70S6K基因在宫颈癌变过程中的表达及相关性研究

目的探讨PI3K、Akt、mTOR、p70S6K在宫颈癌变过程中的表达。结合宫颈病变的临床病理学特征,对4个基因蛋白阳性表达的相关性进行临床研究。方法选取20例宫颈糜烂伴鳞状上皮化生、60例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ各20例)以及48例宫颈鳞状细胞癌患者,应用免疫组织化学SP法检测各组宫颈组织中PI3K、Akt、mTOR、p70S6K的表达,选取10例正常宫颈组织作为对照组。结果 1在宫颈癌变动态过程中,从宫颈糜烂伴鳞化、宫颈上皮内瘤变到宫颈鳞状细胞癌,PI3K、Akt、m TOR、p70S6K癌基因阳性表达率逐渐增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2PI3K、Akt、mTOR与p70S6K在宫颈癌中的阳性表达与临床分期、肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),淋巴结转移组阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P<0.01),与年龄、病灶大小无关(P>0.05)。3PI3K、Akt、mTOR和p70S6K与宫颈上皮内瘤变和在宫颈癌中的阳性表达呈正相关。结论 PI3K、Akt、mTOR、p70S6K在宫颈癌变过程中存在着联合表达,并协同参与了宫颈癌的发生和进展,可以作为早期诊断、预后判断的新的生物学标志物,并为基因的协同治疗提供新靶点。

长链非编码RNA CBR3-AS1通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K通路介导白血病细胞对阿糖胞苷的耐药机制

目的探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)CBR3-AS1通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K通路介导急性髓细胞白血病(AML)细胞对阿糖胞苷耐药的可能机制。方法在2个AML细胞株K562和HL-60中建立耐药模型,分别为K562-R和HL-60-R。逆转录-实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)法检测lncRNA CBR3-AS1在K562-R和HL-60-R中的表达情况。在K562和HL-60细胞株中,利用质粒过表达lncRNA CBR3-AS1;在K562-R和HL-60-R细胞株中,利用siRNA敲低lncRNA CBR3-AS1表达,并计算阿糖胞苷的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))。蛋白印迹法检测PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K通路激活情况。结果相较于K562和HL-60细胞株,K562-R和HL-60-R细胞株中lncRNA CBR3-AS1表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。过表达lncRNA CBR3-AS1可提高阿糖胞苷IC_(50)超过1000μmol/L(P<0.05)。敲低lncRNA CBR3-AS1后,阿糖胞苷在耐药细胞株K562-R和HL-60-R中的IC_(50)分别降低到21.27μmol/L和12.10μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。过表达lncRNA CBR3-AS1显著提高磷酸肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、AKT、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、S6K蛋白的磷酸化水平(P<0.05);敲低lncRNA CBR3-AS1显著降低PI3K、AKT、mTOR、S6K蛋白的磷酸化水平(P<0.05)。结论lncRNA CBR3-AS1可能通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K通路介导AML细胞对阿糖胞苷的耐药。

Acetylshikonin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Growth via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Background: Acetylshikonin, a major constituent isolated from Arnebia euchroma, is a potential candidate for anti-colorectal cancer drugs. However, the potential activity and underlying mechanism of Acetylshikonin against colorectal cancer remain unclear. Methods: In this study, Acetylshikonin was isolated from the active CHCl3 extract of Arnebia euchroma using activity-guided screening, and elucidated by the extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. Human colorectal cancer cells HT29, DLD-1, HCT116 or Caco-2 were exposed to different concentrations of Acetylshikonin (6.25 - 100 μg/mL) for 24 or 48 h. Cell viability, cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected. The activity of Acetylshikonin and potential mechanism of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were evaluated in vitro and vivo. Results: We found that Acetylshikonin exhibited remarkable anti-proliferative activity in a dose-dependent manner against HT29 cells with the IC50 values of 60.82 μg/ml and 30.78 μg/ml at 24, 48 h, respectively. Moreover, Acetylshikonin induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and early apoptosis through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the assays of cell inhibition, early apoptosis and G0/G1 phase distribution showed that suppression of the PI3K/Akt pathway using LY294002 enhanced the anti-cancer effect of Acetylshikonin. Similarly, Acetylshikonin also decreased the growth of tumour in colorectal cancer xenografts in mice through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Conclusions: To sum up, these new findings provided a framework for further exploration of Acetylshikonin which possessed the potential antitumor activity by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Effects of Liancao-Xieli capsule on intestinal mucosal inflammatory factors and TLR4/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in mice with ulcerative colitis

Objective:To observe the effect of Liancao-Xieli capsule on intestinal mucosal inflammatory factors and TLR4/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in mice with ulcerative colitis(UC);Methods:40 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,Liancao-Xieli group and mesalazine group,with 10 mice in each group.In addition to the control group,the remaining three groups of mice were induced by 3%dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)to induce acute UC model.During the modeling period,mice in each group were given corresponding drugs and normal saline by gavage.At the end of the experiment,HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colonic tissue in each group,and ELISA was used to detect the inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,IL-8,IL-17,and INF-γ)in serum and colonic tissue.The expression levels of TLR4/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway related proteins were also detected by Western blot;Results:Compared with the model group,Liancao-Xieli capsule could significantly increase the colon length and decrease the score of colon histopathology in UC mice(P<0.01).In addition,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL1β,IL-8,IL-17,and INF-γwere significantly reduced in serum and colon tissue,and the expressions of TLR4,PI3K,p-Akt and p-mTOR were significantly down-regulated in LiancaoXieyi group when compared with the model group(P<0.01).While the expressions of Akt and mTOR were not significantly affected in Liancao-Xieyi group(P>0.05);Conclusion:LiancaoXieli capsule can reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors,improve the intestinal mucosal damage and inflammatory response in UC by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway。

Regulatory Effects of Zuogui Pill on Apoptosis of Follicles in Rats Injured by 60Co-γRays Based on PI3K/Akt/m TOR Signaling Pathway

[Objectives]To explore the protective effects of Zuogui Pill on ^(60)Co-γ-ray-induced premature aging of rats based on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)signaling pathway.[Methods]Sixty sexually mature female SD rats were irradiated with ^(60)Co-γ-ray(6.0 Gy,LD 40)for 24 h at one time.These rats were randomly divided into model group,Progynova group[0.18(g·kg)/d],Progynova[0.09(g·kg)/d]+Zuogui Pill high dose[23.625(g·kg)/d)]group,Zuogui Pill high dose[23.625(g·kg)/d)]group,Zuogui Pill medium dose[9.45(g·kg)/d)]group and Zuogui Pill low dose[4.725(g·kg)/d]group.The administration(once a day)lasted 21 d.The rat serum[follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH)and estradiol(E_(2))]were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The morphological changes of ovary were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The apoptosis rate of granulosa cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL).The protein expression of phosphorylated(p)-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)in ovarian tissues were detected by Western blot.[Results]Compared with the normal group,the model group showed significant increase in the serum FSH(P<0.01),significant decrease in serum E_(2)(P<0.05),and decrease in the number of early follicles and luteum in the ovary(P<0.01).Besides,the apoptosis rate of granulosa cells increased significantly(P<0.01);the expression of p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR and Bcl-2 in ovarian tissue decreased significantly,while the expression of Bax increased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the number of early follicles in the ovary increased and the apoptosis rate of granulosa cells decreased after intervention in each administration group.In addition,the protein expressions of p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR and Bcl-2 increased,while the expression of Bax decreased,especially in Progynova+Zuogui Pill high dose group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]Zuogui Pill may protect the radiation-injured ovary through activating the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR protein in ovarian tissue,increasing the amount of Bcl-2 protein and inhibiting the expression of Bax protein.

强精煎介导PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路调控少精子症大鼠精子发生的实验研究

目的:探索强精煎通过介导PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路及其下游靶因子4EBP1、p70S6K,调控环磷酰胺(CTX)诱导的少精子症模型大鼠精子发生的作用机制。方法:将75只SD雄性大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、mTOR通路抑制剂组(雷帕霉素组)、强精煎+雷帕霉素组和强精煎组,每组15只。采用腹腔注射CTX法诱导少精子症大鼠模型。连续药物干预38 d后,剪开各组大鼠腹腔摘取睾丸,采用免疫组化法检测PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路蛋白及其下游通路蛋白(4EBP1、p70S6 K)、细胞增殖标记蛋白Ki-67表达;采用RT-PCT法检测睾丸组织PI3K/Akt/mTOR基因及其下游靶基因(4EBP1、p70S6K)表达。结果:与空白对照组比较,模型组、雷帕霉素组睾丸组织PI3K、Akt、mTOR、4EBP1、p70S6 K、Ki-67蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05),雷帕霉素组降低尤为明显。与模型组、雷帕霉素组相比,强精煎组睾丸组织PI3K、Akt、mTOR、4EBP1、p70S6K、Ki-67蛋白表达水平明显上调(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,模型组、雷帕霉素组睾丸组织PI3K、Akt、mTOR、4EBP1、p70S6K基因表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。强精煎组睾丸组织PI3K、Akt、mTOR、4EBP1、p70S6K基因表达水平明显上调(P<0.05)。结论:强精煎可能通过激活PI3K/Akt//mTOR/4EBP1/p70S6K蛋白/基因表达、激活Ki-67蛋白表达等多途径调控少精子症大鼠生精细胞的增殖,促进精子发生,提高精子数量。

定坤丹对宫腔粘连大鼠血管生成及PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路的影响研究

目的:观察定坤丹对宫腔粘连(IUA)大鼠的防治作用机制。方法:SD大鼠60只,按体质量随机分为空白组、模型组、戊酸雌二醇组、定坤丹低剂量组、定坤丹中剂量组、定坤丹高剂量组等6组,每组10只。采用机械刮宫+脂多糖(LPS)感染双重损伤法制备IUA模型,戊酸雌二醇组给予0.3 mg/kg灌胃,定坤丹低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组给予不同剂量灌胃治疗,1次/d,持续28 d。HE染色观察大鼠子宫组织形态变化,Masson染色观察子宫内膜纤维化面积比,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清血管内皮生长因子、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平,免疫组织化学法观察子宫内膜血管内皮生长因子的表达,蛋白质印迹法及反转录PCR检测子宫组织磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶-蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(PI3K/AKT/mTOR)通路的蛋白和mRNA表达。结果:定坤丹能有效促进IUA大鼠损伤子宫的愈合,减少子宫组织纤维化面积,降低血清中血管内皮生长因子、IL-6和IL-8水平,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经定坤丹各剂量治疗后,大鼠子宫内膜中血管内皮生长因子的表达较模型组明显减少(P<0.05);子宫组织中PI3K、p-AKT、p-mTOR蛋白和mRNA表达水平明显下调(P<0.05)。结论:定坤丹对IUA大鼠具有较好的治疗效果,其机制可能与下调PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路蛋白的表达,抑制血管增生及炎症介质的分泌相关。

PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling as Targets for Developing Anticancer Agents from Marine Organisms

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in cancer.Targeting the PI3K-mediated pathway has been an important strategy for developing novel anticancer agents.In the past decades,more than 40 inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway have been developed at different clinical stages.Temsirolimus,everolimus,idelalisib,and copanlisib have been approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States(FDA).However,the toxic-ity and drug resistance limit their efficiency in the treatment.Novel compounds with greater potency and selectivity,as well as im-proved therapeutic indices with reduced toxicity,are clearly required.Over the past three decades,a lot of bioactive ingredients with anticancer effects by affecting the PI3K-mediated pathways have been found from marine organisms.In the present mini-review,anticancer compounds from marine source that target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling were reviewed.The molecular entities and their modes of action were presented.The marine compounds targeting special factors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR were highlighted.