Objective To identify and reduce the gap between China’s drug GMP inspection and pharmaceutical inspection co-operation scheme(PIC/S)audit checklist,find out the key improvement items,and revise them pertinently,whic...Objective To identify and reduce the gap between China’s drug GMP inspection and pharmaceutical inspection co-operation scheme(PIC/S)audit checklist,find out the key improvement items,and revise them pertinently,which will promote the process of China joining PIC/S.Methods The general situation of PIC/S organization and audit checklist were introduced first,and then the accession of several countries that joined the organization was analyzed.Meanwhile,the process of China’s participation in PIC/S was sorted out.After referring to the contents of PIC/S audit checklist,the problems of GMP inspection system in China were studied.Results and Conclusion There are still many problems in GMP inspection in China.Some suggestions are put forward for improvement and change,which can provide reference for the development of drug inspection agencies at all levels in China.展开更多
To calculate nonlinear transport of space charge dominated beam in 6D phase spaces, a computer code package LEADS-v5 (Linear and Electrostatic Accelerator Dynamics Simulations) has been developed. The codes calculate ...To calculate nonlinear transport of space charge dominated beam in 6D phase spaces, a computer code package LEADS-v5 (Linear and Electrostatic Accelerator Dynamics Simulations) has been developed. The codes calculate particle motions in the beam transport systems consisting of electrostatic and magnetic focusing lenses, ion analyzers, multipoles and RF accelerating structures. The nonlinear forces of external electric/magnetic fields are analyzed by the Lie algebraic method, and the space charge forces are obtained by the particle in cell (PIC) scheme. In the codes, Uniform and Gaussian particle distributions can be chosen to generate randomly the particle initial coordinates. The optimization procedures are provided to make the beam optics designs reasonable and fast. Graphically displays of calculated results are provided.展开更多
In this paper we present the theoretical analysis and the computer code design for the intense pulsed beam transport. Intense beam dynamics is a very important issue in low-energy high-current accelerators and beam tr...In this paper we present the theoretical analysis and the computer code design for the intense pulsed beam transport. Intense beam dynamics is a very important issue in low-energy high-current accelerators and beam transport systems. This problem affects beam transmission and beam qualities. Therefore, it attracts the attention of the accelerator physicists worldwide. The analysis and calculation for the intense beam dynamics are very complicated, because the state of particle motion is dominated not only by the applied electromagnetic fields, but also by the beam-induced electromagnetic fields （self-fields）. Moreover, the self fields are related to the beam dimensions and particle distributions. So, it is very difficult to get the self-consistent solutions of particle motion analytically. For this reason, we combine the Lie algebraic method and the particle in cell （PIC） scheme together to simulate intense 3D beam transport. With the Lie algebraic method we analyze the particle nonlinear trajectories in the applied electromagnetic fields up to third order approximation, and with the PIC algorithm we calculate the space charge effects to the particle motion. Based on the theoretical analysis, we have developed a computer code, which calculates beam transport systems consisting of electrostatic lenses, electrostatic accelerating columns, solenoid lenses, magnetic and electric quadruples, magnetic sextupoles, octopuses and different kinds of electromagnetic analyzers. The optimization calculations and the graphic display for the calculated results are provided by the code.展开更多
An intense dc beam nonlinear transport code has been developed. The code is written in Visual FORTRAN 6.6 and has ~13000 lines. The particle distribution in the transverse cross section is uniform or Gaussian. The spa...An intense dc beam nonlinear transport code has been developed. The code is written in Visual FORTRAN 6.6 and has ~13000 lines. The particle distribution in the transverse cross section is uniform or Gaussian. The space charge forces are calculated by the PIC (particle in cell) scheme, and the effects of the applied fields on the particle motion are calculated with the Lie algebraic method through the third order approximation. Obviously,the solutions to the equations of particle motion are self-consistent. The results obtained from the theoretical analysis have been put in the computer code. Many optical beam elements are contained in the code. So, the code can simulate the intense dc particle motions in the beam transport lines, high voltage dc accelerators and ion implanters.展开更多
文摘Objective To identify and reduce the gap between China’s drug GMP inspection and pharmaceutical inspection co-operation scheme(PIC/S)audit checklist,find out the key improvement items,and revise them pertinently,which will promote the process of China joining PIC/S.Methods The general situation of PIC/S organization and audit checklist were introduced first,and then the accession of several countries that joined the organization was analyzed.Meanwhile,the process of China’s participation in PIC/S was sorted out.After referring to the contents of PIC/S audit checklist,the problems of GMP inspection system in China were studied.Results and Conclusion There are still many problems in GMP inspection in China.Some suggestions are put forward for improvement and change,which can provide reference for the development of drug inspection agencies at all levels in China.
文摘To calculate nonlinear transport of space charge dominated beam in 6D phase spaces, a computer code package LEADS-v5 (Linear and Electrostatic Accelerator Dynamics Simulations) has been developed. The codes calculate particle motions in the beam transport systems consisting of electrostatic and magnetic focusing lenses, ion analyzers, multipoles and RF accelerating structures. The nonlinear forces of external electric/magnetic fields are analyzed by the Lie algebraic method, and the space charge forces are obtained by the particle in cell (PIC) scheme. In the codes, Uniform and Gaussian particle distributions can be chosen to generate randomly the particle initial coordinates. The optimization procedures are provided to make the beam optics designs reasonable and fast. Graphically displays of calculated results are provided.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (10075005)
文摘In this paper we present the theoretical analysis and the computer code design for the intense pulsed beam transport. Intense beam dynamics is a very important issue in low-energy high-current accelerators and beam transport systems. This problem affects beam transmission and beam qualities. Therefore, it attracts the attention of the accelerator physicists worldwide. The analysis and calculation for the intense beam dynamics are very complicated, because the state of particle motion is dominated not only by the applied electromagnetic fields, but also by the beam-induced electromagnetic fields （self-fields）. Moreover, the self fields are related to the beam dimensions and particle distributions. So, it is very difficult to get the self-consistent solutions of particle motion analytically. For this reason, we combine the Lie algebraic method and the particle in cell （PIC） scheme together to simulate intense 3D beam transport. With the Lie algebraic method we analyze the particle nonlinear trajectories in the applied electromagnetic fields up to third order approximation, and with the PIC algorithm we calculate the space charge effects to the particle motion. Based on the theoretical analysis, we have developed a computer code, which calculates beam transport systems consisting of electrostatic lenses, electrostatic accelerating columns, solenoid lenses, magnetic and electric quadruples, magnetic sextupoles, octopuses and different kinds of electromagnetic analyzers. The optimization calculations and the graphic display for the calculated results are provided by the code.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10075005)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 10975011)
文摘An intense dc beam nonlinear transport code has been developed. The code is written in Visual FORTRAN 6.6 and has ~13000 lines. The particle distribution in the transverse cross section is uniform or Gaussian. The space charge forces are calculated by the PIC (particle in cell) scheme, and the effects of the applied fields on the particle motion are calculated with the Lie algebraic method through the third order approximation. Obviously,the solutions to the equations of particle motion are self-consistent. The results obtained from the theoretical analysis have been put in the computer code. Many optical beam elements are contained in the code. So, the code can simulate the intense dc particle motions in the beam transport lines, high voltage dc accelerators and ion implanters.
