Comparison of Pile-Soil-Structure Interaction Modeling Techniques for A 10-MW Large-Scale Monopile Wind Turbine Model Under Wind and Wave Conditions

Considering the large diameter effect of piles,the influence of different pile-soil analysis methods on the design of monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines has become an urgent problem to be solved.Three different pile-soil models were used to study a large 10 MW monopile wind turbine.By modeling the three models in the SACS software,this paper analyzed the motion response of the overall structure under the conditions of wind and waves.According to the given working conditions,this paper concludes that under the condition of independent wind,the average value of the tower top x-displacement of the rigid connection method is the smalle st,and the standard deviation is the smallest under the condition of independent wave.The results obtained by the p-y curve method are the most conservative.

Pile-soil stress ratio in bidirectionally reinforced composite ground by considering soil arching effect

To discuss the soil arching effect on the load transferring model and sharing ratios by the piles and inter-pile subsoil in the bidirectionally reinforced composite ground, the forming mechanism, mechanical behavior and its effect factors were discussed in detail. Then, the unified strength theory was introduced to set up the elastoplastic equilibrium differential equation of the subsoil under the limit equilibrium state. And from the equation, the solutions were derived with the corresponding formulas presented to calculate the earth pressure over and beneath the horizontal reinforced cushion or pillow, the stress of inter-pile subsoil and the pile-soil stress ratio. Based on the obtained solutions and measured data from an engineering project, the influence rules by the soil property parameters (i.e., the cohesion c and internal friction angle φ) and pile spacing on the pile-soil stress ratio n were discussed respectively. The results show that to improve the load sharing ratio by the piles, the more effective means for filling materials with a larger value of φ is to increase the ratio of pile cap size to spacing, while to reduce the pile spacing properly and increase the value of cohesion c is advisable for those filling materials with a smaller value of φ.

The Boundary Element Method for Pile-Soil Interaction

In this paper, several mathmatical models for the pile- soil interaction are outlined. The Boundary Element Method is one of the very effective methods for the reasonable models of elasticity and elastoplasticity. The major of this paper is concerned with the Boundary Element Method for the pile-soil interaction, including general methods and calculating formulation of static and dynamic analysis of the pile and pile groups. Some results of analysis are also given.

Optimum Design of Jacket Platforms Considering Structure-Pile-Soil Interaction

This paper proposes an optimum design model for the offshore jacket platform considering multidesign criteria, multi-design constraints and the structure-pile-soil interaction, and gives an optimum design procedure in which the proposed optimum design model is used together with structural analysis software SAP91 and optimum algorithm software OPB1. The Chengbei (#)11 offshore platform, which lies in the Shengli oilfield, is designed by use of the above optimum design model. The results show that the optimum design model is stable, and it depends on neither the optimization algorithm nor initial values of design variables. All values of the objective function converge to the same minimum value, and the speed of convergence is high, showing that the proposed optimum design model is reasonable.

3D finite element analysis on pile-soil interaction of passive pile group

The interaction between pile and soft soil of the passive pile group subjected to soil movement was analyzed with three-dimensional finite element model by using ANSYS software. The soil was assumed to be elastic-plastic complying with the Drucker-Prager yield criterion in the analysis. The large displacement of soil was considered and contact elements were used to evaluate the interaction between pile and soil. The influences of soil depth of layer and number of piles on the lateral pressure of the pile were investigated, and the lateral pressure distributions on the (2×1) pile group and on the (2×2) pile group were compared. The results show that the adjacent surcharge may result in significant lateral movement of the soft soil and considerable pressure on the pile. The pressure acting on the row near the surcharge is higher than that on the other row, due to the "barrier" and arching effects in pile groups. The passive load and its distribution should be taken into account in the design of the passive piles.

A simplified approach for negative skin friction calculation of special-shaped pile considering pile-soil interaction under surcharge

A simplified approach was proposed to analyze the negative skin friction calculation of special-shaped pile considering pile-soil interaction under surcharge. Based on the concentric cylinder shearing theory, considering the changes of pile shape(such as, taper angle and diameters of pile base, etc.), the load-transfer of special-shaped pile was built. The accuracy of the developed simplified approach was verified by numerical simulation model with the same condition. Then, the influence factors, such as, taper angles, the diameter of pile base, surcharge, and pile-soil interface parameters were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the developed simplified approach can calculate NSF of special-shaped pile under surcharge effectively. A limited parametric study indicates that in many practical situations special-shaped piles(such as belled wedge pile shown in this work) offer a design option that is more economical than traditional uniform cross-section piles.

Comparative Analysis of Seismic Response of Pile-Soil-Structure Interaction System

一个 pile-soil-structureinteraction 系统的地震抵抗的表演上的学习是在土木工程学实践的一个相对复杂、首先重要的问题。在这篇论文，为 pile-supportedstructures 的一个计算模型和计算过程，它能按时地考虑堆积土壤相互作用完成，被有限单元法建立。数字实现在时间领域被做。为 pile-soil-structure 系统的地震反应分析的简化近似简短被介绍。然后，比较研究为一个设计例子被执行，数字结果由有限单元法和简化方法分别地计算了。通过比较分析，简化方法获得很好的结果同意有限单元法完成的那些，这被显示出。数字结果和调查结果将为有启发性的指南提供支持堆积的结构的 forearthquake 抵抗的分析和设计。

温度影响下能量桩-土接触面剪切特性试验研究

能量桩工作过程中,桩体受温度变化影响会产生热变形,进而引起桩周土体的循环剪切作用,弱化地基承载力,给桩基的正常使用带来风险。由于传统直剪仪无法模拟能量桩工作过程中的温度变化,因此对桩-土接触面力学特性受温度影响的变化规律研究较少。对传统直剪仪进行改造,使其可以改变剪切试样温度;所用土体从重庆某施工现场取样,开展不同温度变化下桩-土接触面的室内土工直剪试验,分析单次温度变化和循环温度变化对桩-土接触面力学性能的影响,并对温度影响下桩-土接触面力学特性与土体力学特性的差异进行比较。结果表明,能量桩-土接触面的抗剪强度受温度影响较大;随着温度的升高,能量桩-土界面摩擦角和黏聚力先减小后增大;低法向应力下温度循环对桩-土接触面力学特性影响较大,而高法向应力下温度循环对桩-土接触面力学特性影响不显著;土体的抗剪强度、黏聚力和摩擦角随温度变化规律与桩-土界面类似。

杂填土地基中螺杆桩竖向承载特性研究

为了研究杂填土地基中螺杆桩竖向承载特性,基于极限平衡理论分析了桩-土咬合机理,结合桩-土之间的相互作用得到螺纹段等效侧阻力增大系数,在此基础上建立了单桩竖向承载力计算公式,并对杂填土地基中螺杆桩单桩进行缩尺模型试验。结果表明,螺杆桩在竖向荷载作用下,荷载-沉降曲线经历了弹性、弹塑性、塑性破坏3个阶段。根据模型试验所得桩身轴力和桩侧等效侧阻力沿深度的分布规律,总体上螺纹段等效侧阻力高于直杆段。当桩体达到极限承载力时,试验所得等效侧阻力扩大系数与理论分析结果基本一致。

基于桩-土界面剪切特性的单桩沉降和承载问题研究

近年来,西北地区出现了许多高填方场地,为减小建筑物基础的不均匀沉降,基础类型广泛使用桩基础。与一般场地不同,黄土填方场地中的单桩桩周土受力后仍会产生较大的变形,该类场地单桩沉降机制复杂。桩顶总沉降计算是桩基设计的重要依据,为此,建立了高填方黄土场地单桩桩顶总沉降计算模型。基于传统的荷载传递法和剪切位移法,分别考虑桩-土界面的桩-土相互作用和桩-土界面外剪切带土体的剪切变形。依据桩端边界,将单桩类型分为摩擦桩和端承摩擦桩,分别建立桩周土弹性阶段和塑性阶段的桩身位移控制微分方程,结合边界条件进行求解,得到桩身位移、轴力、侧摩阻力,并通过弹塑性理论求解了桩周土剪切带土体剪切变形,进而通过叠加原理求得桩顶总沉降。用桩长与桩周土塑性发展深度的比值,定义了桩基承载力安全系数K。通过算例分析与现场试验数据对比分析,研究结果表明:使用新的模型计算得到的桩顶总沉降与现场试验结果相近;当桩顶荷载较小、桩周土处于弹性阶段时,桩端边界对桩身轴力、位移和侧摩阻力影响很小,但桩周土进入塑性滑移阶段后,桩端边界的影响开始变大,考虑桩端土的承载能力会极大提高单桩极限承载力;建立了将荷载传递法和剪切位移法综合起来的计算模型,不仅可以考虑桩-土界面的相对滑移,还可以计算桩-土界面外土体剪切带的剪切变形,使得桩顶总沉降计算更加精确,可为类似场地中单桩沉降的分析与控制提供一定的参考。

非饱和土地基中端承桩对SH波的水平地震响应

为探讨非饱和土地基中SH波作用下端承桩的水平地震响应,先基于一维波动理论得出SH波引起的土层自由场水平振动解,然后考虑非饱和土体动剪切模量随其饱和度的变化特性,采用三维连续介质力学和Euler梁模型建立轴向静荷载下非饱和土-端承桩水平耦合振动模型,进而通过引入势函数和分离变量法推导出桩顶水平位移相互作用因子、桩顶水平位移放大因子和桩身曲率比的表达式,经与已有成果对比验证后再经参数分析,获得土体饱和度、桩身长径比和土体黏滞阻尼对桩身水平抗震特性的影响规律:土体饱和度和桩身长径比仅在高频范围对相互作用因子和放大因子有显著影响;土体黏滞阻尼仅在共振频率使得相互作用因子和放大因子分别逐渐增大和减小。

Fiber optic monitoring of an anti-slide pile in a retrogressive landslide

Anti-slide piles are one of the most important reinforcement structures against landslides,and evalu-ating the working conditions is of great significance for landslide mitigation.The widely adopted analytical methods of pile internal forces include cantilever beam method and elastic foundation beam method.However,due to many assumptions involved in calculation,the analytical models cannot be fully applicable to complex site situations,e.g.landslides with multi-sliding surfaces and pile-soil interface separation as discussed herein.In view of this,the combination of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)and strain-internal force conversion methods was proposed to evaluate the working conditions of an anti-sliding pile in a typical retrogressive landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area,China.Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR)was utilized to monitor the strain distri-bution along the pile.Next,by analyzing the relative deformation between the pile and its adjacent inclinometer,the pile-soil interface separation was profiled.Finally,the internal forces of the anti-slide pile were derived based on the strain-internal force conversion method.According to the ratio of calculated internal forces to the design values,the working conditions of the anti-slide pile could be evaluated.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could reveal the deformation pattern of the anti-slide pile system,and can quantitatively evaluate its working conditions.

车辆载荷作用下桩后黏性土主动土压力分析

针对现有设计规范进行桩后主动土压力计算时未考虑车辆载荷的动力效应对支护结构影响的问题,在平面滑裂面假定的基础上,结合拟动力学分析方法,考虑车辆动载荷作用下桩后土体受惯性力的影响,推导出车辆载荷作用下主动土压力的计算式,将主动土压力分为动土压力分量和静土压力分量。分析土体容重、桩-土外摩擦角对主动土压力的影响,以及水平振动加速度系数、内摩擦角、行车速度、车桩间距对动土压力的影响,对比分析不同黏聚力情况下的主动土压力分布规律。研究结果表明:桩后动土压力呈非线性分布;在车辆载荷作用下,一个振动周期内桩后主动土压力随滑动面倾角的增大和时间的持续先增大后减小;动土压力幅值随车桩间距的增大而减小,振动周期随车速的增大而增大。

寒区冻土桩基承载特性研究现状与展望

冻土地区季节性的温度变化、大气升温以及人类工程活动加剧,常引起桩基冻胀融沉、倾斜、混凝土开裂等灾害,造成桩基的承载力降低,给寒区冻土桩基带来新的更大挑战。通过回顾国内外相关文献,对冻土桩基的承载性能目前的研究现状进行了总结。从特殊的冻土性质出发,描述了冻土桩基体系主要的受力形式及其作用特征;从桩–冻土界面力学特性试验及荷载传递机制两个方面,阐述了冻土区桩–土界面力学特性变化机制;从试验研究、理论分析以及数值模拟三个方面,阐明了冻土桩基承载性能变化规律及分析、预测方法;归纳了冻土区桩–土体系温度、水分、应力应变等方面的监测技术。对寒区冻土桩基承载特性未来的研究提出了展望。

考虑剪切速率影响桩土界面力学特性模拟研究

文中通过大型直剪仪研究了黏性土与混凝土界面的界面摩擦阻力,测定了不同剪切速率和法向应力下黏性土-混凝土界面摩擦阻力以及剪切速率与剪切破坏位移的关系.结果表明:黏性土与混凝土界面的剪应力-剪切位移关系受剪切速率和法向应力的影响.剪切速率对界面附着力和界面摩擦角均不存在影响,界面剪切破坏位移与剪切速率之间没有明显的相关性,但剪切速率对桩-土界面剪切破坏位移有一定的影响.因此,静压桩沉桩速度范围内,剪切速率对桩土界面力学特性影响不大.

黄土地基中能量桩群桩承载变形性状模型试验

基于室内缩尺试验研究了含能量桩群桩在4次冷热循环过程中的桩身热力学特性及桩基承载变形特性变化规律,分析冷热循环对桩土温度、承台沉降、桩顶荷载及桩身摩阻力的影响。试验结果表明:冷热循环过程中能量桩较浅位置处桩身及桩侧土温度始终高于较深处,热循环过程中能量桩的传热效率高于冷循环过程。冷热循环会使承台顶面的工作荷载及群桩中各基桩的桩顶荷载发生往复变化,相应地引起承台发生往复倾斜,热循环引起的承台倾斜稍大于冷循环。热循环引起的能量桩桩身上部摩阻力为负,下部为正,冷循环时则相反。

玛多7.4级地震野马滩大桥桥台纵桥向破坏机理分析

针对2021年青海玛多7.4级地震中野马滩大桥的桥台震害,开展基于Pushover分析的桥台纵桥向破坏机理研究。提出土-桩-桥台精细化有限元模拟方法,以及基于地勘资料的模型土体参数确定实用方法,建模方法和加载模式要点为:(1)适用于土-桥台相互作用的分布式p-y弹簧修正模型;(2)可识别背墙弯曲、剪切或弯-剪多种破坏模式的背墙非线性梁柱单元-墙底非线性剪切单元串联模型;(3)土-搭板和土-翼墙摩擦弹簧;(4)基于分布式间隙单元的可捕捉地震中主梁与背墙接触位置变化的Pushover加载模式,从而实现了桥台纵桥向地震损伤破坏全过程模拟。结果表明:野马滩桥台在水平地震作用下,背墙底截面先发生屈服,随后背墙剪力达到抗剪能力峰值,桥台整体水平承载力开始退化,直至背墙底完全剪断,而桩基础并不发生明显损伤。总体而言,桥台破坏模式为背墙弯-剪破坏,数值分析结果与桥台实际震害相符。

软土地区基坑前排倾斜双排桩支护现场试验及工作机理

基坑倾斜桩支护大幅提高了无支撑支护结构的适用深度,具有造价低、施工便捷、绿色低碳、变形控制好等特点,然而目前研究多集中在单排倾斜桩,对前排倾斜双排桩支护的试验、理论与应用的研究均较少。针对前排倾斜双排桩支护基坑开展了现场试验,同时采用有限元方法分别从前排斜桩、桩顶连梁及桩间土体作用3个方面深入探究了前排倾斜双排桩支护的工作机理,进一步分析了直斜桩长度和排距对前排倾斜双排桩支护结构受力变形性能的影响。结果表明,相比传统竖直双排桩,前排倾斜双排桩支护结构的支护性能显著提升,前排斜桩主要发挥“斜撑”作用,连梁主要起到将直斜桩及冠梁连接成一个空间刚架的作用,桩间土体能够提高桩土摩阻力,进而有效减小前排倾斜双排桩变形。研究成果有助于前排倾斜双排桩的推广和应用。

湿陷性黄土地基中桩基负摩阻力计算新方法

负摩阻力对湿陷性黄土地基中桩基的承载变形性状具有重要影响,现行桩基规范及黄土规范推荐的负摩阻力计算方法不能反映黄土桩基负摩阻力的实际性状。对近30年来在黄土地区开展的钢筋混凝土灌注桩现场浸水试验实测数据进行统计,分析黄土浸水完成后桩身中性点深度、桩身最大负摩阻力深度及负摩阻力系数与桩长径比的关系,通过线性拟合得到了中性点深度比、最大负摩阻力深度比及负摩阻力系数与桩长径比的经验表达式,提出湿陷性黄土地基中桩基负摩阻力计算的新方法。新方法用三角形表示负摩阻力沿深度的分布,能反映负摩阻力从桩顶向下先逐渐增大、达到最大值后随深度增加逐渐减小、最终在中性点处减小为零的分布特征。将提出的方法、桩基规范及黄土规范方法的计算结果与实测结果进行对比,结果表明,桩基规范预测的中性点深度比优于黄土规范,黄土规范预测的最大下拉荷载优于桩基规范,而用新方法计算的负摩阻力最接近实测结果。