Electro-optic modulators,which convert electrical signals onto the transmission light,are key devices in electro-optic modulating systems.Modulation efficiency is one of the most important parameters of an electro-opt...Electro-optic modulators,which convert electrical signals onto the transmission light,are key devices in electro-optic modulating systems.Modulation efficiency is one of the most important parameters of an electro-optic modulator,which directly determines the footprint and power consumption of the device.Generally,modulation efficiency strongly depends on the electro-optic response of the crystal.The Pb(In_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))O_(3)-Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-PbTiO_(3)(PIN-PMN-PT)single crystal with giant electro-optic coefficient(λ_(c))and high transparency indicates the potential to achieve greatly enhanced modulation efficiency.In this study,a prototype PIN-PMN-PT phase modulator was fabricated based on a titanium(Ti)in-diffusion waveguide,which is reported for the first time.The influences of titanium in-diffusion on the composition and domain structure of the PIN-PMN-PT single crystal were studied by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and piezoelectric force microscopy(PFM),respectively.Finally,a half-wave voltage(V_(π))of 2.3 V was obtained using a device with 6-mm-long(L)electrodes.Furthermore,the electro-optic modulation efficiency(V_(π)L)was calculated as 1.38 V-cm,which was approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of commercial lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3),LN)phase modulators.Such enhanced modulation efficiency indicates more compact device and lower power consumption,which is of great significance for electro-optic modulation systems used in micro-fiber gyroscope,integrated photonic devices,etc.展开更多
In this work,crystal growth and characterization of PIN–PMN–PT(29–59%PIN and 28–35%PT)were conducted to understand how PIN ratio in the PIN–PMN–PT system impacts its phase stability during crystallization.High-q...In this work,crystal growth and characterization of PIN–PMN–PT(29–59%PIN and 28–35%PT)were conducted to understand how PIN ratio in the PIN–PMN–PT system impacts its phase stability during crystallization.High-quality PIN–PMN–PT crystals with 36%PIN were obtained using the self-seeded Bridgman process,even though the cubic phase In_(2)O_(3) formed at the very beginning of solidification.The melt became more unstable when the PIN ratio in the PIN–PMN–PT system increased to 49%and above,which affected the composition and quality of the as-grown crystals significantly.By increasing the PIN to 36%in PIN–PMN–PT crystal,the rhombohedral-to-tetragonal phase transition temperatures and the coercive field reached 115–135℃ and 4.55.6 kV/cm,respectively,that greatly expanded the operation domains compared to PMN–PT crystals.展开更多
Relaxor-based ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O_(3)-Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-PbTiO_(3)(PIN-PMN-PT)single crystals and ceramics are promising candidates for high-performance electromechanical conversion devices.It is know...Relaxor-based ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O_(3)-Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-PbTiO_(3)(PIN-PMN-PT)single crystals and ceramics are promising candidates for high-performance electromechanical conversion devices.It is known that the domain structure and dielectric diffusion-relaxation characteristics are crucial to the excellent performances of relaxor ferroelectrics.In this work,we prepared the PIN-PMN-PT ceramics with various PIN/PMN proportions and systematically investigated their domain structure and dielectric diffusion-relaxation properties.The effect of PIN/PMN proportion on the domain size and dielectric diffusion-relaxation characteristics was also studied.The investigations showed that PIN-PMN-PT ceramics presented multi-type domain patterns comprising irregular island domains and regular lamellar domains.Moreover,the dependent relations of PIN/PMN proportions on the dielectric diffusion and domain size indicated that the PIN composition has a stronger lattice distortion than PMN composition;increasing the PIN proportion can enhance the dielectric diffusion and decrease the domain size.Our results could deepen the understanding of structure-property relationships of multicomponent relaxor ferroelectrics and guide the design and exploration of new high-performance ferroelectric materials.展开更多
Binary piezoelectric crystal Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)–PbTiO_(3)(PMN–PT)has excellent dielectric and piezoelectric properties,which has led to the commercialization for medical ultrasound imaging.Recently,there is a...Binary piezoelectric crystal Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)–PbTiO_(3)(PMN–PT)has excellent dielectric and piezoelectric properties,which has led to the commercialization for medical ultrasound imaging.Recently,there is a growing demand for piezoelectric crystals with improved thermal and electrical properties.Ternary piezoelectric crystals Pb(In_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))O_(3)–Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)–PbTiO_(3)(PIN–PMN–PT)have increased depoling temperature and coercive field than binary PMN–PT.To better understand the ternary crystal system and improve crystal properties,we systematically investigated crystal growth of PIN–PMN–PT with modified Bridgman method.Like PMN–PT,PIN–PMN–PT crystals have excellent piezoelectric properties(e.g.,k_(33)0:87–0.92,d_(33)1000–2200 pm/V).Higher PIN content leads to40C increase in depoling temperature and more than doubling of coercive field(7.0 kV/cm).Such improvements are advantageous for applications where high temperature and/or high-drive are needed.展开更多
Temperature and electric field dependences of the dielectric behavior and phase transition for[111]-oriented 0.23PIN–0.52PMN–0.25PT(PIN-PMN–0.25PT)and 0.24PIN–0.43PMN–0.33PT(PIN–PMN–0.33PT)single crystals were ...Temperature and electric field dependences of the dielectric behavior and phase transition for[111]-oriented 0.23PIN–0.52PMN–0.25PT(PIN-PMN–0.25PT)and 0.24PIN–0.43PMN–0.33PT(PIN–PMN–0.33PT)single crystals were investigated over a temperature range from100℃ to 250℃ using field-heating(FH)dielectric measurements.The transition phenomenon from ferroelectric microdomain to macrodomain was found in rhombohedra(R)phase region in the single crystals under dc bias.This transition temperature T_(f) of micro-to-macrodomain is sensitive to dc bias and move quickly to lower temperature with increasing dc bias.The phase transition temperatures in the two single crystals shift toward high temperature and the dielectric permittivities at the phase transition temperature decrease with increasing dc bias.Especially,the phase transition peaks are gradually broad in PIN–PMN–0.33PT single crystal with the increasing dc bias.Effects of dc bias on the dielectric behavior and phase transition in PIN–PMN–PT single crystals are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52102143,51772239,62001369,62075088,and 51761145024)Shaanxi Province Project(Grant Nos.2017ktpt-21 and 2018TD-024)Jiangxi Technological Innovation Guidance Science and Technology Plan(Grant No.S20212BDH80017).
文摘Electro-optic modulators,which convert electrical signals onto the transmission light,are key devices in electro-optic modulating systems.Modulation efficiency is one of the most important parameters of an electro-optic modulator,which directly determines the footprint and power consumption of the device.Generally,modulation efficiency strongly depends on the electro-optic response of the crystal.The Pb(In_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))O_(3)-Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-PbTiO_(3)(PIN-PMN-PT)single crystal with giant electro-optic coefficient(λ_(c))and high transparency indicates the potential to achieve greatly enhanced modulation efficiency.In this study,a prototype PIN-PMN-PT phase modulator was fabricated based on a titanium(Ti)in-diffusion waveguide,which is reported for the first time.The influences of titanium in-diffusion on the composition and domain structure of the PIN-PMN-PT single crystal were studied by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and piezoelectric force microscopy(PFM),respectively.Finally,a half-wave voltage(V_(π))of 2.3 V was obtained using a device with 6-mm-long(L)electrodes.Furthermore,the electro-optic modulation efficiency(V_(π)L)was calculated as 1.38 V-cm,which was approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of commercial lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3),LN)phase modulators.Such enhanced modulation efficiency indicates more compact device and lower power consumption,which is of great significance for electro-optic modulation systems used in micro-fiber gyroscope,integrated photonic devices,etc.
文摘In this work,crystal growth and characterization of PIN–PMN–PT(29–59%PIN and 28–35%PT)were conducted to understand how PIN ratio in the PIN–PMN–PT system impacts its phase stability during crystallization.High-quality PIN–PMN–PT crystals with 36%PIN were obtained using the self-seeded Bridgman process,even though the cubic phase In_(2)O_(3) formed at the very beginning of solidification.The melt became more unstable when the PIN ratio in the PIN–PMN–PT system increased to 49%and above,which affected the composition and quality of the as-grown crystals significantly.By increasing the PIN to 36%in PIN–PMN–PT crystal,the rhombohedral-to-tetragonal phase transition temperatures and the coercive field reached 115–135℃ and 4.55.6 kV/cm,respectively,that greatly expanded the operation domains compared to PMN–PT crystals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11974093)Open Project Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices(EFMD2022006Z)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(XNAUEA5640201720-09).X。
文摘Relaxor-based ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O_(3)-Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-PbTiO_(3)(PIN-PMN-PT)single crystals and ceramics are promising candidates for high-performance electromechanical conversion devices.It is known that the domain structure and dielectric diffusion-relaxation characteristics are crucial to the excellent performances of relaxor ferroelectrics.In this work,we prepared the PIN-PMN-PT ceramics with various PIN/PMN proportions and systematically investigated their domain structure and dielectric diffusion-relaxation properties.The effect of PIN/PMN proportion on the domain size and dielectric diffusion-relaxation characteristics was also studied.The investigations showed that PIN-PMN-PT ceramics presented multi-type domain patterns comprising irregular island domains and regular lamellar domains.Moreover,the dependent relations of PIN/PMN proportions on the dielectric diffusion and domain size indicated that the PIN composition has a stronger lattice distortion than PMN composition;increasing the PIN proportion can enhance the dielectric diffusion and decrease the domain size.Our results could deepen the understanding of structure-property relationships of multicomponent relaxor ferroelectrics and guide the design and exploration of new high-performance ferroelectric materials.
基金supported by ONR contracts N00014-C and N00014-M,and HC-R&D fund-2001-13.
文摘Binary piezoelectric crystal Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)–PbTiO_(3)(PMN–PT)has excellent dielectric and piezoelectric properties,which has led to the commercialization for medical ultrasound imaging.Recently,there is a growing demand for piezoelectric crystals with improved thermal and electrical properties.Ternary piezoelectric crystals Pb(In_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))O_(3)–Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)–PbTiO_(3)(PIN–PMN–PT)have increased depoling temperature and coercive field than binary PMN–PT.To better understand the ternary crystal system and improve crystal properties,we systematically investigated crystal growth of PIN–PMN–PT with modified Bridgman method.Like PMN–PT,PIN–PMN–PT crystals have excellent piezoelectric properties(e.g.,k_(33)0:87–0.92,d_(33)1000–2200 pm/V).Higher PIN content leads to40C increase in depoling temperature and more than doubling of coercive field(7.0 kV/cm).Such improvements are advantageous for applications where high temperature and/or high-drive are needed.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(Grant No.2012AA03A704).
文摘Temperature and electric field dependences of the dielectric behavior and phase transition for[111]-oriented 0.23PIN–0.52PMN–0.25PT(PIN-PMN–0.25PT)and 0.24PIN–0.43PMN–0.33PT(PIN–PMN–0.33PT)single crystals were investigated over a temperature range from100℃ to 250℃ using field-heating(FH)dielectric measurements.The transition phenomenon from ferroelectric microdomain to macrodomain was found in rhombohedra(R)phase region in the single crystals under dc bias.This transition temperature T_(f) of micro-to-macrodomain is sensitive to dc bias and move quickly to lower temperature with increasing dc bias.The phase transition temperatures in the two single crystals shift toward high temperature and the dielectric permittivities at the phase transition temperature decrease with increasing dc bias.Especially,the phase transition peaks are gradually broad in PIN–PMN–0.33PT single crystal with the increasing dc bias.Effects of dc bias on the dielectric behavior and phase transition in PIN–PMN–PT single crystals are discussed.
