Neutropenia with fever is a special group of patients. Due to low immune function, inflammation-related clinical symptoms and signs are often not obvious, and pathogenic bacteria and infection focus are not clear. Fev...Neutropenia with fever is a special group of patients. Due to low immune function, inflammation-related clinical symptoms and signs are often not obvious, and pathogenic bacteria and infection focus are not clear. Fever may be the only sign of infection. If appropriate antimicrobial treatment is not given in time, infection-related mortality is high. In our study, we aimed to optimize the dosage regimen of Micafungin in children with febrile neutropenic against Candida spp. by Mote Carlo Simulation (MCS). Pharmacokinetic parameters and microbiological data of Micafungin were collected. Then we used MCS to calculate Probability of Target Attainment (PTA) and Cumulative Fraction of Response (CFR). With dosages of 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg in oral group and dosages of 100 mg, and 200 mg in intravenous administration, all have different degree of antifungal effect. But when the dosage regimen was 50 mg IV, the therapeutic effect of Micafungin against Candida spp. was not good.展开更多
In the present study,we optimized the ceftriaxone dosing regimens based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic(PK/PD)principles using Monte Carlo simulation(MCS).Based on PK/PD theory,MCS was performed using Crystal Ball ...In the present study,we optimized the ceftriaxone dosing regimens based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic(PK/PD)principles using Monte Carlo simulation(MCS).Based on PK/PD theory,MCS was performed using Crystal Ball software combining PK and PD parameters with 10000 simulation runs to calculate the probability of target attainment(PTA)and cumulative fraction of response(CFR)for the seven clinically common dosing regimens of ceftriaxone(1 g qd,1.5 g qd,1 g bid,2 g qd,1 g tid,1.5 g bid,and 2 g bid).A%fT≥50 as the target value expected to achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy and a dosing regimen with an obtained CFR≥90%or the ability to achieve the highest PTA was used as a reasonable choice for empirical antimicrobial therapy,i.e.the clinically optimal regimen.All eight pathogenic bacteria had a CFR>90%when the dosing regimen was 2 g bid and 1 g tid,seven pathogenic bacteria had a CFR>90%when the dosing regimen was 1 g bid and 1.5 g bid,except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and all pathogenic bacteria had a CFR<90%when the dosing regimen was 1 g qd and 1.5 g qd.The dosing regimens of 2 g bid and 1 g tid were effective against all eight pathogenic bacteria infections,and 1 g bid and 1.5 g bid dosing regimens were effective against the other seven pathogenic bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.展开更多
目的应用蒙特卡洛模拟评价奥马环素等6种给药方案对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌感染的疗效。方法结合药动学参数和药效学参数,以AUC/MIC为PK/PD模型进行蒙特卡洛模拟,得到6种给药方案对上述3种病原菌的达标概率(PTA)及累积...目的应用蒙特卡洛模拟评价奥马环素等6种给药方案对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌感染的疗效。方法结合药动学参数和药效学参数,以AUC/MIC为PK/PD模型进行蒙特卡洛模拟,得到6种给药方案对上述3种病原菌的达标概率(PTA)及累积反应分数(CFR)。结果奥马环素等6种给药方案对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌(抑菌靶值下模拟),都能达到CFR>90%;对于金黄色葡萄球菌(杀菌靶值下模拟),仅600 mg po q24h和多剂量C组(负荷剂量450 mg po q12h,维持剂量450 mg poq24h)达到CFR>90%;但对大肠埃希菌,所有给药方案的CFR均不达标。结论奥马环素的说明书推荐给药方案(负荷剂量200 mg iv,维持剂量300 mg po q24h)对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的治疗效果;但对大肠埃希菌,6种给药方案均达不到预期疗效。展开更多
目的:基于药动学(pharmacokinetics,PK)/药效学(pharmacodynamics,PD)模型和蒙特卡洛模拟(Mote Carlo simulation,MCS),分析大肠埃希菌所致脓毒症休克患者抗感染治疗方案的优化过程,为临床感染患者构建合理有效的治疗方案提供参考。方法...目的:基于药动学(pharmacokinetics,PK)/药效学(pharmacodynamics,PD)模型和蒙特卡洛模拟(Mote Carlo simulation,MCS),分析大肠埃希菌所致脓毒症休克患者抗感染治疗方案的优化过程,为临床感染患者构建合理有效的治疗方案提供参考。方法:一患者因不明原因发热入院,初步诊断为尿路感染和脓毒症休克。入院后第一时间完善了相关实验室检查,随后采用PK/PD模型和MCS依据微生物培养结果及其药敏试验确定最优的抗感染治疗方案。结果:入院第3天,微生物培养检出大肠埃希菌,随后的药敏试验提示其对美罗培南、亚胺培南敏感,而对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦钠中介;采用PK/PD模型和MCS对拟定的几个抗感染治疗方案进行分析,结果发现美罗培南(1 g,q8h)和亚胺培南(0.5 g,q6h)的达标概率(probability of target attainment,PTA)均为100.00%,而头孢哌酮-舒巴坦钠(3 g,q12h)的PTA为1.14%,头孢哌酮-舒巴坦钠(3 g,q8h)的PTA为7.65%;最终,临床选择了美罗培南(1 g,q8h)治疗,1周后患者的感染指征基本消失。结论:PK/PD模型和MCS两个工具可以较好地帮助临床药师预测抗感染治疗方案的可能效果,从而更好地协助医生制定和优化治疗方案,进而最大程度保证患者的治疗效果。展开更多
目的基于药动/药效(pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic,PK/PD)理论,应用蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo simulation,MCS)评价及优化不同病原菌感染时帕珠沙星的给药方案。方法将12名健康志愿受试者分为3组,分别给予300、500和1000 mg3种不同...目的基于药动/药效(pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic,PK/PD)理论,应用蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo simulation,MCS)评价及优化不同病原菌感染时帕珠沙星的给药方案。方法将12名健康志愿受试者分为3组,分别给予300、500和1000 mg3种不同剂量的帕珠沙星,以高效液相色谱法测得血药浓度,进而求出PK参数。用琼脂二倍稀释法确定大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌6种临床分离菌株物的最低抑菌浓度以进行PD研究。根据PK/PD研究结果,以AUC_(0-24)/MIC作为帕珠沙星的PK/PD指数(靶值为30、100和125),通过蒙特卡洛模拟得出不同给药方案的达标概率(probability of target attainment,PTA)和累积响应百分率(cumulative fraction of response,CFR),评价出最佳给药方案。结果以CFR>90%的给药方案作为临床最佳给药方案,蒙特卡洛模拟10000次的结果得出,帕珠沙星在1000 mg的给药剂量下对肺炎链球菌的CFR可达到92.33%,在500和1000 mg的给药剂量下对表皮葡萄球菌的CFR可达到90.11%和93.79%;对大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的CFR均小于90%。结论在表皮葡萄球菌感染时推荐使用500 mg qd的帕珠沙星;在日剂量为1000 mg时帕珠沙星对肺炎链球菌的感染有很好的效果,对大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑制效果不佳,可作为辅佐治疗药物。不同致病菌感染时所需要的给药剂量存在明显差异,根据PK/PD理论以及蒙特卡洛模拟可为帕珠沙星临床最佳给药方案的制定提供依据。展开更多
目的:应用PK/PD模型结合蒙特卡洛模拟评价3种抗菌药物对铜绿假单胞菌感染的延长输注给药方案。方法:收集广州市中西医结合医院2020年铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶、哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦(8∶1)、美罗培南的药敏报告,制订3种抗菌药物的3 h延长...目的:应用PK/PD模型结合蒙特卡洛模拟评价3种抗菌药物对铜绿假单胞菌感染的延长输注给药方案。方法:收集广州市中西医结合医院2020年铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶、哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦(8∶1)、美罗培南的药敏报告,制订3种抗菌药物的3 h延长输注及两步法延长输注共12种给药方案,根据各抗菌药物的药动学/药效学(PK/PD)模型参数,应用蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo simulation, MCS)计算3种抗菌药物不同给药方案对10 000例感染患者的达标概率(probability of target attainment, PTA)及累积反应分数(cumulative fraction of response, CFR),对各延长输注给药方案进行评价及临床验证。结果:临床标本共分离出296株铜绿假单胞菌,经MCS模拟3种抗菌药物所有延长输注给药方案的CFR均小于90%,CFR最高的为哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦2.25 g/0.5 h+2.25 g/3 h q6h给药方案(88.10%);哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦、美罗培南比头孢他啶对MIC中介的铜绿假单胞菌有更高的PTA及CFR,其中美罗培南1 g/0.5 h+1 g/3 h q8h给药方案对MIC=8μg·mL;的耐药铜绿假单胞菌仍有一定的PTA(60.21%);临床病例验证与MCS结果相仿。结论:该院铜绿假单胞菌中介/耐药率较高,针对MIC中介以上的铜绿假单胞菌感染,可选择哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦或美罗培南,通过增加给药剂量、频次并使用两步法延长输注给药方式优化抗感染方案。展开更多
文摘Neutropenia with fever is a special group of patients. Due to low immune function, inflammation-related clinical symptoms and signs are often not obvious, and pathogenic bacteria and infection focus are not clear. Fever may be the only sign of infection. If appropriate antimicrobial treatment is not given in time, infection-related mortality is high. In our study, we aimed to optimize the dosage regimen of Micafungin in children with febrile neutropenic against Candida spp. by Mote Carlo Simulation (MCS). Pharmacokinetic parameters and microbiological data of Micafungin were collected. Then we used MCS to calculate Probability of Target Attainment (PTA) and Cumulative Fraction of Response (CFR). With dosages of 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg in oral group and dosages of 100 mg, and 200 mg in intravenous administration, all have different degree of antifungal effect. But when the dosage regimen was 50 mg IV, the therapeutic effect of Micafungin against Candida spp. was not good.
基金2019 Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Pro ject(Grant No.2h2019042)。
文摘In the present study,we optimized the ceftriaxone dosing regimens based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic(PK/PD)principles using Monte Carlo simulation(MCS).Based on PK/PD theory,MCS was performed using Crystal Ball software combining PK and PD parameters with 10000 simulation runs to calculate the probability of target attainment(PTA)and cumulative fraction of response(CFR)for the seven clinically common dosing regimens of ceftriaxone(1 g qd,1.5 g qd,1 g bid,2 g qd,1 g tid,1.5 g bid,and 2 g bid).A%fT≥50 as the target value expected to achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy and a dosing regimen with an obtained CFR≥90%or the ability to achieve the highest PTA was used as a reasonable choice for empirical antimicrobial therapy,i.e.the clinically optimal regimen.All eight pathogenic bacteria had a CFR>90%when the dosing regimen was 2 g bid and 1 g tid,seven pathogenic bacteria had a CFR>90%when the dosing regimen was 1 g bid and 1.5 g bid,except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and all pathogenic bacteria had a CFR<90%when the dosing regimen was 1 g qd and 1.5 g qd.The dosing regimens of 2 g bid and 1 g tid were effective against all eight pathogenic bacteria infections,and 1 g bid and 1.5 g bid dosing regimens were effective against the other seven pathogenic bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
文摘目的应用蒙特卡洛模拟评价奥马环素等6种给药方案对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌感染的疗效。方法结合药动学参数和药效学参数,以AUC/MIC为PK/PD模型进行蒙特卡洛模拟,得到6种给药方案对上述3种病原菌的达标概率(PTA)及累积反应分数(CFR)。结果奥马环素等6种给药方案对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌(抑菌靶值下模拟),都能达到CFR>90%;对于金黄色葡萄球菌(杀菌靶值下模拟),仅600 mg po q24h和多剂量C组(负荷剂量450 mg po q12h,维持剂量450 mg poq24h)达到CFR>90%;但对大肠埃希菌,所有给药方案的CFR均不达标。结论奥马环素的说明书推荐给药方案(负荷剂量200 mg iv,维持剂量300 mg po q24h)对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的治疗效果;但对大肠埃希菌,6种给药方案均达不到预期疗效。
文摘目的基于药动/药效(pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic,PK/PD)理论,应用蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo simulation,MCS)评价及优化不同病原菌感染时帕珠沙星的给药方案。方法将12名健康志愿受试者分为3组,分别给予300、500和1000 mg3种不同剂量的帕珠沙星,以高效液相色谱法测得血药浓度,进而求出PK参数。用琼脂二倍稀释法确定大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌6种临床分离菌株物的最低抑菌浓度以进行PD研究。根据PK/PD研究结果,以AUC_(0-24)/MIC作为帕珠沙星的PK/PD指数(靶值为30、100和125),通过蒙特卡洛模拟得出不同给药方案的达标概率(probability of target attainment,PTA)和累积响应百分率(cumulative fraction of response,CFR),评价出最佳给药方案。结果以CFR>90%的给药方案作为临床最佳给药方案,蒙特卡洛模拟10000次的结果得出,帕珠沙星在1000 mg的给药剂量下对肺炎链球菌的CFR可达到92.33%,在500和1000 mg的给药剂量下对表皮葡萄球菌的CFR可达到90.11%和93.79%;对大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的CFR均小于90%。结论在表皮葡萄球菌感染时推荐使用500 mg qd的帕珠沙星;在日剂量为1000 mg时帕珠沙星对肺炎链球菌的感染有很好的效果,对大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑制效果不佳,可作为辅佐治疗药物。不同致病菌感染时所需要的给药剂量存在明显差异,根据PK/PD理论以及蒙特卡洛模拟可为帕珠沙星临床最佳给药方案的制定提供依据。
文摘目的:应用PK/PD模型结合蒙特卡洛模拟评价3种抗菌药物对铜绿假单胞菌感染的延长输注给药方案。方法:收集广州市中西医结合医院2020年铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶、哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦(8∶1)、美罗培南的药敏报告,制订3种抗菌药物的3 h延长输注及两步法延长输注共12种给药方案,根据各抗菌药物的药动学/药效学(PK/PD)模型参数,应用蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte Carlo simulation, MCS)计算3种抗菌药物不同给药方案对10 000例感染患者的达标概率(probability of target attainment, PTA)及累积反应分数(cumulative fraction of response, CFR),对各延长输注给药方案进行评价及临床验证。结果:临床标本共分离出296株铜绿假单胞菌,经MCS模拟3种抗菌药物所有延长输注给药方案的CFR均小于90%,CFR最高的为哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦2.25 g/0.5 h+2.25 g/3 h q6h给药方案(88.10%);哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦、美罗培南比头孢他啶对MIC中介的铜绿假单胞菌有更高的PTA及CFR,其中美罗培南1 g/0.5 h+1 g/3 h q8h给药方案对MIC=8μg·mL;的耐药铜绿假单胞菌仍有一定的PTA(60.21%);临床病例验证与MCS结果相仿。结论:该院铜绿假单胞菌中介/耐药率较高,针对MIC中介以上的铜绿假单胞菌感染,可选择哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦或美罗培南,通过增加给药剂量、频次并使用两步法延长输注给药方式优化抗感染方案。
