Structure and Properties of PLA Composite Enhanced with Biomass Fillers from Herbaceous Plants

PLA composites containing biomass fillers from the three herbaceous plants such as reed,wheat stalk,and coco-nut fiber with length and diameter at the scale of several millimeters were prepared without using additives.The reinforcement effect on the properties of PLA/biomass filler composites is investigated.The research results show that the PLA/biomass filler composites exhibit good stiffness,flexural strength,and impact toughness.Among the three kinds of biomass fillers,reed reinforced PLA composites show optimal mechanical properties.When filled with 40%–50%reed,the flexural moduli of the composites are over 7000 MPa.Flexural strength retains at the same level of pure PLA.The notch impact strength reaches to 4.50±0.73 kJ/m^(2),which is 2.06 times higher than that of pure PLA.Furthermore,the introduction of biomass fillers increases the crystallization ability of PLA and does not increase the water absorption of the composites.This research demonstrated that PLA composites prepared with biomass fillers from the herbaceous plants(namely herb plastic composites,HPCs)is a material with good comprehensive mechanical properties while retaining the intrinsic particularity of biological sources.

超韧PLA/m-POE/P(BF-PBAD)复合材料的制备与性能

采用自制的生物基聚酯弹性体P(BF-PBAD)成功制备了一种新型超韧聚乳酸/甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯改性聚烯烃弹性体/生物基聚酯弹性体(PLA/m-POE/P(BF-PBAD))复合材料,并对其性能及增韧机制进行了研究。当P(BF-PBAD)含量仅为3份时,复合材料的冲击强度达到42 kJ/m^(2),相比纯PLA提高了14倍,呈现出良好的增韧效果。此外,复合材料还具有优异的机械性能,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度及弯曲模量分别达到40 MPa、120%、50 MPa和1800 MPa。与纯PLA相比,该复合材料表现出好的热稳定性,玻璃化转变温度和熔融温度均得到提升。P(BF-PBAD)的引入使得复合材料在二次升温过程中的冷结晶行为增强。基于对复合材料相形貌、动态力学等结果的分析,发现PLA/m-POE/P(BF-PBAD)复合材料的增韧主要缘于聚合物界面相容性的提高。

Improving Interfacial Adhesion of PLA/Lignin Composites by One-Step Solvent-Free Modification Method

To clarify the effects of lignin as a biodegradable filler added into the PLA matrix,PLA/lignin composites with or without silane coupling agent ofγ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propy trimethoxysilane(KH560)were prepared by a one-step solvent-free modification method.The effects of KH560 as a compatibilizer on the morphology,chemical structure,crystallization behavior,thermal degradative behavior as well as mechanical strength of the PLA/lignin composites were analyzed in detail.It was found that,after modification by KH560,the fractured surfaces of composites became smooth,suggested sufficient bonding between the lignin and PLA in the composites with KH560 coupling agent molecules.This result further proved by 1H NMR and ATR spectra of the composites that lignin and PLA formed stable chemical bonds with KH560.Due to the toughening effect of KH560,mainly affect the molecular chain mobility,the thermodynamic properties of LG-KH560/PLA composites were all reduced.When compared to the conventional solution modification method of adding silane coupling agents into PLA/lignin,the composites were synthesized via a single-step reactive extrusion modification procedure in this work showed relatively low tensile strength,which mainly because the existence of the free radicals due to coupling agents result in the composite’s deterioration and subsequent weakening of the tensile properties.

Fully Bio-Based Composites of Poly(Lactic Acid)Reinforced with Cellulose-Graft-Poly-(ε-Caprolactone)Copolymers

Due to the increasing demand for modified polylactide(PLA)meeting“double green”criteria,the research on sustainable plasticizers for PLA has attracted broad attentions.This study reported an open-ring polymerization method to fabricate cellulose(MCC)-g-PCL(poly(ε-caprolactone))copolymers with a fully sustainable and biodegradable component.MCC-g-PCL copolymers were synthesized,characterized,and used as green plasticizers for the PLA toughening.The results indicated that the MCC-g-PCL derivatives play an important role in the compatibility,crystallization,and toughening of the PLA/MCC-g-PCL composites.The mechanical properties of the fully bio-based PLA/MCC-g-PCL composites were optimized by adding 15 wt%MCC-g-PCL,that is,the elongation at break was 22.6%(~376%higher than that of neat PLA),the tensile strength was 47.3 MPa(comparable to that of neat PLA),and the impact strength was 26 J/m(~130%higher than that of neat PLA).DSC results indicated that MCC-g-PCL reduced the Tg of the PLA blend.When the addition amount was 15 wt%,the Tg of the blend was 58.4°C.Compared with MCC,MCC-g-PCL polyester plasticizer has better thermal stability,T5%(°C)can still be maintained above 300°C.The rheological results showed that MCC-g-PCL acted as a plasticizer,the introduction of PCL flexible chain increased the mobility of PLA molecular chain,and decreased the complex viscosity,storage modulus and loss modulus of PLA blends.The MCC-g-PCL derivatives,as a new green plastic additive,have shown an interesting prospect to prepare fully bio-based composites.

Effect of porous structure on mechanical properties of C/PLA/nano-HA composites scaffold

Nonporous and porous C/PLA/nano-HA composites were fabricated by the process of solvent blending and freeze-drying technique, and the effect of porous structure on the mechanical properties of C/PLA/nano-HA composites scaffold was investigated and analyzed. The results show that the effects of porous structure on the bending strength, modulus and curves of stress and strain were obvious. Compared with nonporous sample, the curves of stress and strain of porous sample show more rough, and alternative phenomenon of stress increase and stress relaxation appears. It is strongly suggested that the fracture model of C/PLA/nano-HA composites scaffold transforms from the local to global load due to the porous structure.

Flexural Properties of Long Bamboo Fiber/ PLA Composites

This paper describes the flexural properties of biodegradable composites made using natural fiber and biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable composites were fabricated from bamboo fiber bundles and PLA (polylactic acid) resin. In this research, effect of molding temperature and fiber content on flexural properties of bamboo fiber reinforced composites was investigated. The flexural strength of this composite increased with increasing fiber content up to 70%. The flexural strength of composites decreased at molding temperature of 180&degC. Biodegradable composites possessed extremely high flexural strength of 273 MPa, in the case of molding temperature of 160&degC and fiber content of 70%.

Toddy Palm (Borassus Flabellifer) Fruit Fibre Bundles as Reinforcement in Polylactide (PLA) Composites: An Overview About Fibre and Composite Characteristics

Toddy palm fruit have an apparent density below 0.8 g/cm³and offer an interesting lightweight construction potential in polylactide(PLA)composites reinforced with 37 mass-%fibres.Single fibre bundles show similar mechanical properties compared with coir:tensile strength of 240 MPa,Young´s modulus of 3.8 GPa and an elongation at break of 31%.However,density and diameter(~50μm)of fruit fibre bundles are significantly lower.The compression moulded composites have a density of 0.9 g/cm³and achieved an unnotched Charpy impact strength of 12 kJ/m^(2),a tensile strength of 25 MPa,Young’s modulus of 1.9 GPa and an elongation at break of 9%.Due to the high porosity of the composites and the different stress-strain behaviour of fibre and matrix the fibre-reinforcement potential could not be fully used.Maximum stress of the composite was reached at the elongation at break of the PLA-matrix(~2%)while the fibre achieved its maximum stress at an elongation of~31%.After reaching the maximum stress of the composite,the fibres were pulled out from the matrix with low energy absorption,resulting in a decrease in stress and a limited reinforcement potential.Additionally,the study investigates whether an insect attack by the Asian fruit fly on the mesocarp has a significant influence on the mechanical fibre characteristics.The results have shown that only the rough surface of the fibre bundles is smoothed by insect infestation.The mechanical properties were not significantly affected.For this reason insect-infested fruits of the toddy palm,which are no longer suitable for food production,can be used for the production of sustainable composite materials.

多功能生物降解PLA-PBS高分子复合膜的制备工艺与性能研究

本文采用熔融共混和热压方法成功制备了PLA-PBS复合膜,考察了制备工艺对产品性能的影响,确定了最优工艺参数。优化制备的复合膜抗拉强度达52MPa,断裂伸长率达590%,完全降解所需时间少于3个月。该复合膜兼具力学性能高、成型加工好和快速降解的多功能特性。本研究为高性能PLA-PBS复合膜的工业化应用奠定了基础。

Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of C/PLA 3D Printing Composites Based on Waste Rice Noodles

Spherical carbon particles were prepared by using waste Guilin rice noodles as raw materials.By blending the rice noodles based carbon(RC)powders with polylactic acid(PLA),A series of black RC/PLA 3D printing composites were synthesized and characterized.The mechanical testing result shows that the RC/PLA 3D printing composites display better mechanical properties than that of pure PLA.Moreover,the composite with carbon treated with high temperature carbonization has better impact strength.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Apocynum and Ramie Fiber Mat Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and rational utilization of resources,natural fiber reinforced composites have shown broad development prospects.Apocynum fiber,known as the“king of wild fiber”,not only has moisture absorption,air permeability,and good mechanical properties but also has many health-related advantages such as antibacterial properties.In this study,four types of needle-punched Apocynum fiber and ramie fiber mat reinforced polylactic acid(PLA)composites were fabricated.Mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were tested and analyzed.The results showed that compared with those of the ramie fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites,the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of Apocynum fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites had increased by 15.3%and 60.1%,respectively.In comparison,the bending strength and the bending modulus were decreased by 21.8%and 7.6%,respectively.Moreover,compared with the Apocynum fiber finish needled-punched mat reinforced composites and the ramie fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites,the Apocynum 50/ramie 50 finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites had the best tensile and bending properties.The after-fracture morphology was detected by a scanning electron microscope(SEM).The thermal properties of the composites were also characterized.It was found that the thermal properties of the four types of composites showed very similar behaviors.

Preparation and Properties of Heat Resistant Polylactic Acid(PLA)/Nano-SiO2 Composite Filament

In order to improve the thermal properties of polylactic acid（PLA） filament,nano-SiO_2 was applied to mix with PLA,then they were spun as composite filament by melt-spinning.The dispersion of nano SiO_2 and the fracture surfaces of filaments were studied by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.The properties of composite filament,such as orientation degree,mechanical properties,and surface friction properties,were analyzed.The thermal performances of composite filament were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and thermo gravimetric analysis（TGA）.The results showed that the nano-SiO_2 modified by 5% KH-550 could disperse evenly and loosely in nano-scale,and 1 wt% and 3 wt% nano-SiO_2 dispersed throughout PLA evenly.As the quantity of nano-SiO_2 increased,the properties of composite filament,such as orientation degree,friction coefficient,thermal decomposition temperature,and glass transition temperature,increased more or less.The breaking tenacity increased when 1 wt% SiO_2 was added in PLA,but declined when 3 wt% SiO_2 was added.

Preparation and Properties of Polylactic Acid( PLA) /Nano-SiO_2 Composite Master Batch with Good Thermal Properties

In order to improve the thermal properties of polylactic acid( PLA) master batch,the nano-SiO2 was applied to mixing with PLA. The structure and thermal properties of the composite master batches were studied. The results showed that the nano-SiO2 modified by 3% coupling agent KH-570 could be dispersed evenly in PLA in small scale. The thermal decomposition temperature of composite master batches increased by 6. 20-10. 80 ℃, the glass transition temperature increased by 0. 22-5. 16 ℃,and the heat enthalpy at the glass transition temperature increased by 0. 574-2. 437 J /g,compared with pure PLA. The composite master batch possessed superior thermal stability and heat resistance.

乌珠穆沁沙地生物基可降解聚乳酸(PLA)沙障防风固沙效益

为了探究PLA沙障对乌珠穆沁沙地沙化治理的效果,以方格状铺设不同规格(方格边长0.5 m×0.5 m, 1 m×1 m, 2 m×2 m和3 m×3 m)PLA沙障,以不同规格沙障影响的风蚀特征为研究对象,裸沙地设置对照(CK),采用美国HOBO便携式风速采集仪观测距地表10,20,50,100,200 cm高度的风速,同时使用自动旋转集沙仪收集近地表0—30 cm高度输沙量,分析了防风效能、固沙效益和风沙流挟沙粒径的变化特征。结果表明:(1) PLA沙障规格小于3 m×3 m时,风速廓线呈“S”型变化趋势;PLA沙障平均的地表粗糙度为0.64 cm, CK的平均粗糙度为0.51 cm,粗糙度提高了25.48%。(2)铺设PLA沙障后输沙量降低了38.72%~75.69%;PLA沙障输沙率随高度呈现良好的指数关系(R2>0.77);1 m×1 m和2 m×2 m沙障的固沙效益高于其他2种规格沙障,3 m×3 m规格的固沙效益最低,基本接近CK。(3)乌珠穆沁沙地风蚀物颗粒大小介于2~500μm,且大部分颗粒为100~250μm的细沙;铺设PLA沙障后,障格内细沙含量增加了8.70%~11.94%,中沙含量减少了10.63%~14.06%(p<0.05)。综上所述,铺设PLA沙障能有效降低乌珠穆沁沙地近地表风速,增加地表粗糙度并且能够降低近地表的输沙量,改变0—30 cm高度的风沙流结构,具有较好的治理效果。

Effect of PLA Knitted Structure on the Mechanical Properties of Composite Vascular Scaffold

A new entire biodegradable scaffold has been developed which does not require precellularization before transplantation.This new kind of vascular scaffold prototype made from porous poly-ε-caprolactone( PCL) membrane to provide three-dimensional environment for cell growth, and embedded with weft-knitted polylactic acid( PLA) fabric to support mechanics.The aim of this paper is to study the variation tendency of mechanical properties with the fabric spacing changing.The basic geometrical parameters were measured to characterize properties of the samples.The tensile and compressive elastic recovery of the samples were tested by the universal mechanical tester and radial compression apparatus,respectively.Both tensile and compressive properties enhanced when reducing the fabric spacing of the composite vascular scaffold.

单/双组份PLA短纤维的制备及非织造应用研究

采用两种不同熔点的纤维级聚乳酸切片,通过熔融纺丝法制备单组分聚乳酸短纤维和双组份皮芯结构聚乳酸短纤维,并采用单组分和双组份聚乳酸短纤维,通过热风黏合法制备聚乳酸非织造材料。通过熔体黏度降和纤维断裂强度的变化研究纺丝温度和后牵伸倍率对纤维性能的影响,通过无纺布的断裂强力和厚度的变化研究单/双组份聚乳酸短纤维的配比和热风温度对无纺布性能的影响。结果表明:当控制单组分聚乳酸的纺丝温度230℃时,纤维可纺性良好,制得单组分聚乳酸纤维纤度1.67~2.70 dtex,断裂强度2.87~3.56 cN/dtex;当控制双组份聚乳酸的纺丝温度225℃时,纤维可纺性良好,纤维皮芯界面清晰,最终制得双组份聚乳酸纤维纤度1.67~2.42 dtex,断裂强度2.72~3.36 cN/dtex;将单/双组份聚乳酸短纤维按质量比1∶1共混且控制热风温度在110~118℃时,所得热风无纺布的横向强力23.9~26.21 N,纵向强力25.48~29.77 N,手感柔软蓬松。

Bi_(2)Te_(3)/PLA复合薄膜的制备与性能研究

采用熔体法制备了高质量的拓扑绝缘体Bi_(2)Te_(3)单晶,将研磨后的微米量级的Bi_(2)Te_(3)单晶粉末与聚乳酸(PLA)溶融共混制成Bi_(2)Te_(3)/PLA复合薄膜。为探究Bi_(2)Te_(3)单晶粉末含量差异对复合薄膜性能的影响,分别对复合薄膜的力学性能和气体透过性进行测试。结果表明,随Bi_(2)Te_(3)含量的增加Bi_(2)Te_(3)/PLA复合薄膜的拉伸强度先减小后增大,当Bi_(2)Te_(3)的含量在0.5%时,复合薄膜的拉伸强度最大达到75.00 MPa;随Bi_(2)Te_(3)含量的增加复合薄膜的气体透过系数先增大后减小,当Bi_(2)Te_(3)的含量为7.5%时,N_(2)、O_(2)和CO_(2)的气体透过系数均最大,三者的最大透过系数分别为1.017×10^(-7)、8.626×10^(-8)和1.139×10^(-7)cm^(3)·cm/cm^(2)·s·cm Hg,远超纯PLA薄膜气体透过性。研究结果为拓扑绝缘体共混改性可生物降解PLA基复合薄膜材料的研究提供思路。

PLA/TiO_2纳米复合膜对香菇保鲜效果的研究

为研究纳米复合材料对采后香菇的保鲜效果,以未包装的香菇为对照,探讨了添加不同质量分数0%、1%、2%、3%纳米Ti O_2的PLA/Ti O_2纳米复合膜对香菇保鲜效果的影响。在(4±1)℃条件下,每4 d测定香菇贮藏期间理化指标及微生物指标。结果表明,PLA/Ti O_2纳米复合膜能更好地维持香菇贮藏期间的感官品质,抑制呼吸强度,减缓水分流失,维持较高VC及还原糖含量。纳米Ti O_2添加量与香菇的保鲜效果成正比,其中3%PLA/Ti O_2纳米复合膜对香菇的保鲜效果最佳。

碳纤维表面处理对C/PLA复合材料界面粘结强度的影响(Ⅱ)

对硝酸表面处理前后碳纤维增强聚乳酸 ( C/ PL A)复合材料的界面状态进行了研究。重点研究了碳纤维的硝酸表面处理对 C/ PL A复合材料界面粘结强度的影响以及粘结机理。研究表明 ,硝酸表面处理可使复合材料的界面粘结强度大幅度增加 ,复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和剪切强度亦有不同程度的提高。 XPS研究发现 ,碳纤维与 PL A基体间有化学反应发生。界面化学反应程度的增加是复合材料界面粘结强度提高的主要原因 ;此外 。