Improving Interfacial Adhesion of PLA/Lignin Composites by One-Step Solvent-Free Modification Method

To clarify the effects of lignin as a biodegradable filler added into the PLA matrix,PLA/lignin composites with or without silane coupling agent ofγ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propy trimethoxysilane(KH560)were prepared by a one-step solvent-free modification method.The effects of KH560 as a compatibilizer on the morphology,chemical structure,crystallization behavior,thermal degradative behavior as well as mechanical strength of the PLA/lignin composites were analyzed in detail.It was found that,after modification by KH560,the fractured surfaces of composites became smooth,suggested sufficient bonding between the lignin and PLA in the composites with KH560 coupling agent molecules.This result further proved by 1H NMR and ATR spectra of the composites that lignin and PLA formed stable chemical bonds with KH560.Due to the toughening effect of KH560,mainly affect the molecular chain mobility,the thermodynamic properties of LG-KH560/PLA composites were all reduced.When compared to the conventional solution modification method of adding silane coupling agents into PLA/lignin,the composites were synthesized via a single-step reactive extrusion modification procedure in this work showed relatively low tensile strength,which mainly because the existence of the free radicals due to coupling agents result in the composite’s deterioration and subsequent weakening of the tensile properties.

Effect of porous structure on mechanical properties of C/PLA/nano-HA composites scaffold

Nonporous and porous C/PLA/nano-HA composites were fabricated by the process of solvent blending and freeze-drying technique, and the effect of porous structure on the mechanical properties of C/PLA/nano-HA composites scaffold was investigated and analyzed. The results show that the effects of porous structure on the bending strength, modulus and curves of stress and strain were obvious. Compared with nonporous sample, the curves of stress and strain of porous sample show more rough, and alternative phenomenon of stress increase and stress relaxation appears. It is strongly suggested that the fracture model of C/PLA/nano-HA composites scaffold transforms from the local to global load due to the porous structure.

Flax/Polylactic Acid(PLA)Core/Sheath Structural Composite Yarn Fabricated by Spindle Braiding Technique

The increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly materials has driven research towards the development of green composites.In this work,the flax/polylactic acid(PLA)braided yarns were fabricated by braiding PLA filaments with 4 to 24 spindles on flax yarns.After curing at different temperatures(180℃and 190℃),the core/sheath structural flax/PLA composite yarns were manufactured.According to the results of the tensile test,the flax/PLA composite yarn with 4-spindle PLA yarns as a sheath layer and at a curing temperature of 180℃reached the maximum elastic modulus of about(5.79±0.65)GPa and the maximum tensile strength of about(162.17±18.18)MPa.This flax/PLA composite yarn with good mechanical properties would be suitable for green composites in the automobile manufacturing industry and building materials.

Flexural Properties of Long Bamboo Fiber/ PLA Composites

This paper describes the flexural properties of biodegradable composites made using natural fiber and biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable composites were fabricated from bamboo fiber bundles and PLA (polylactic acid) resin. In this research, effect of molding temperature and fiber content on flexural properties of bamboo fiber reinforced composites was investigated. The flexural strength of this composite increased with increasing fiber content up to 70%. The flexural strength of composites decreased at molding temperature of 180&degC. Biodegradable composites possessed extremely high flexural strength of 273 MPa, in the case of molding temperature of 160&degC and fiber content of 70%.

Toddy Palm (Borassus Flabellifer) Fruit Fibre Bundles as Reinforcement in Polylactide (PLA) Composites: An Overview About Fibre and Composite Characteristics

Toddy palm fruit have an apparent density below 0.8 g/cm³and offer an interesting lightweight construction potential in polylactide(PLA)composites reinforced with 37 mass-%fibres.Single fibre bundles show similar mechanical properties compared with coir:tensile strength of 240 MPa,Young´s modulus of 3.8 GPa and an elongation at break of 31%.However,density and diameter(~50μm)of fruit fibre bundles are significantly lower.The compression moulded composites have a density of 0.9 g/cm³and achieved an unnotched Charpy impact strength of 12 kJ/m^(2),a tensile strength of 25 MPa,Young’s modulus of 1.9 GPa and an elongation at break of 9%.Due to the high porosity of the composites and the different stress-strain behaviour of fibre and matrix the fibre-reinforcement potential could not be fully used.Maximum stress of the composite was reached at the elongation at break of the PLA-matrix(~2%)while the fibre achieved its maximum stress at an elongation of~31%.After reaching the maximum stress of the composite,the fibres were pulled out from the matrix with low energy absorption,resulting in a decrease in stress and a limited reinforcement potential.Additionally,the study investigates whether an insect attack by the Asian fruit fly on the mesocarp has a significant influence on the mechanical fibre characteristics.The results have shown that only the rough surface of the fibre bundles is smoothed by insect infestation.The mechanical properties were not significantly affected.For this reason insect-infested fruits of the toddy palm,which are no longer suitable for food production,can be used for the production of sustainable composite materials.

Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of C/PLA 3D Printing Composites Based on Waste Rice Noodles

Spherical carbon particles were prepared by using waste Guilin rice noodles as raw materials.By blending the rice noodles based carbon(RC)powders with polylactic acid(PLA),A series of black RC/PLA 3D printing composites were synthesized and characterized.The mechanical testing result shows that the RC/PLA 3D printing composites display better mechanical properties than that of pure PLA.Moreover,the composite with carbon treated with high temperature carbonization has better impact strength.

Structure and Properties of PLA Composite Enhanced with Biomass Fillers from Herbaceous Plants

PLA composites containing biomass fillers from the three herbaceous plants such as reed,wheat stalk,and coco-nut fiber with length and diameter at the scale of several millimeters were prepared without using additives.The reinforcement effect on the properties of PLA/biomass filler composites is investigated.The research results show that the PLA/biomass filler composites exhibit good stiffness,flexural strength,and impact toughness.Among the three kinds of biomass fillers,reed reinforced PLA composites show optimal mechanical properties.When filled with 40%–50%reed,the flexural moduli of the composites are over 7000 MPa.Flexural strength retains at the same level of pure PLA.The notch impact strength reaches to 4.50±0.73 kJ/m^(2),which is 2.06 times higher than that of pure PLA.Furthermore,the introduction of biomass fillers increases the crystallization ability of PLA and does not increase the water absorption of the composites.This research demonstrated that PLA composites prepared with biomass fillers from the herbaceous plants(namely herb plastic composites,HPCs)is a material with good comprehensive mechanical properties while retaining the intrinsic particularity of biological sources.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Apocynum and Ramie Fiber Mat Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and rational utilization of resources,natural fiber reinforced composites have shown broad development prospects.Apocynum fiber,known as the“king of wild fiber”,not only has moisture absorption,air permeability,and good mechanical properties but also has many health-related advantages such as antibacterial properties.In this study,four types of needle-punched Apocynum fiber and ramie fiber mat reinforced polylactic acid(PLA)composites were fabricated.Mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were tested and analyzed.The results showed that compared with those of the ramie fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites,the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of Apocynum fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites had increased by 15.3%and 60.1%,respectively.In comparison,the bending strength and the bending modulus were decreased by 21.8%and 7.6%,respectively.Moreover,compared with the Apocynum fiber finish needled-punched mat reinforced composites and the ramie fiber finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites,the Apocynum 50/ramie 50 finish needle-punched mat reinforced composites had the best tensile and bending properties.The after-fracture morphology was detected by a scanning electron microscope(SEM).The thermal properties of the composites were also characterized.It was found that the thermal properties of the four types of composites showed very similar behaviors.

Fully Bio-Based Composites of Poly(Lactic Acid)Reinforced with Cellulose-Graft-Poly-(ε-Caprolactone)Copolymers

Due to the increasing demand for modified polylactide(PLA)meeting“double green”criteria,the research on sustainable plasticizers for PLA has attracted broad attentions.This study reported an open-ring polymerization method to fabricate cellulose(MCC)-g-PCL(poly(ε-caprolactone))copolymers with a fully sustainable and biodegradable component.MCC-g-PCL copolymers were synthesized,characterized,and used as green plasticizers for the PLA toughening.The results indicated that the MCC-g-PCL derivatives play an important role in the compatibility,crystallization,and toughening of the PLA/MCC-g-PCL composites.The mechanical properties of the fully bio-based PLA/MCC-g-PCL composites were optimized by adding 15 wt%MCC-g-PCL,that is,the elongation at break was 22.6%(~376%higher than that of neat PLA),the tensile strength was 47.3 MPa(comparable to that of neat PLA),and the impact strength was 26 J/m(~130%higher than that of neat PLA).DSC results indicated that MCC-g-PCL reduced the Tg of the PLA blend.When the addition amount was 15 wt%,the Tg of the blend was 58.4°C.Compared with MCC,MCC-g-PCL polyester plasticizer has better thermal stability,T5%(°C)can still be maintained above 300°C.The rheological results showed that MCC-g-PCL acted as a plasticizer,the introduction of PCL flexible chain increased the mobility of PLA molecular chain,and decreased the complex viscosity,storage modulus and loss modulus of PLA blends.The MCC-g-PCL derivatives,as a new green plastic additive,have shown an interesting prospect to prepare fully bio-based composites.

Preparation and Properties of Heat Resistant Polylactic Acid(PLA)/Nano-SiO2 Composite Filament

In order to improve the thermal properties of polylactic acid（PLA） filament,nano-SiO_2 was applied to mix with PLA,then they were spun as composite filament by melt-spinning.The dispersion of nano SiO_2 and the fracture surfaces of filaments were studied by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.The properties of composite filament,such as orientation degree,mechanical properties,and surface friction properties,were analyzed.The thermal performances of composite filament were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and thermo gravimetric analysis（TGA）.The results showed that the nano-SiO_2 modified by 5% KH-550 could disperse evenly and loosely in nano-scale,and 1 wt% and 3 wt% nano-SiO_2 dispersed throughout PLA evenly.As the quantity of nano-SiO_2 increased,the properties of composite filament,such as orientation degree,friction coefficient,thermal decomposition temperature,and glass transition temperature,increased more or less.The breaking tenacity increased when 1 wt% SiO_2 was added in PLA,but declined when 3 wt% SiO_2 was added.

超韧PLA/m-POE/P(BF-PBAD)复合材料的制备与性能

采用自制的生物基聚酯弹性体P(BF-PBAD)成功制备了一种新型超韧聚乳酸/甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯改性聚烯烃弹性体/生物基聚酯弹性体(PLA/m-POE/P(BF-PBAD))复合材料,并对其性能及增韧机制进行了研究。当P(BF-PBAD)含量仅为3份时,复合材料的冲击强度达到42 kJ/m^(2),相比纯PLA提高了14倍,呈现出良好的增韧效果。此外,复合材料还具有优异的机械性能,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度及弯曲模量分别达到40 MPa、120%、50 MPa和1800 MPa。与纯PLA相比,该复合材料表现出好的热稳定性,玻璃化转变温度和熔融温度均得到提升。P(BF-PBAD)的引入使得复合材料在二次升温过程中的冷结晶行为增强。基于对复合材料相形貌、动态力学等结果的分析,发现PLA/m-POE/P(BF-PBAD)复合材料的增韧主要缘于聚合物界面相容性的提高。

Preparation and Properties of Polylactic Acid( PLA) /Nano-SiO_2 Composite Master Batch with Good Thermal Properties

In order to improve the thermal properties of polylactic acid( PLA) master batch,the nano-SiO2 was applied to mixing with PLA. The structure and thermal properties of the composite master batches were studied. The results showed that the nano-SiO2 modified by 3% coupling agent KH-570 could be dispersed evenly in PLA in small scale. The thermal decomposition temperature of composite master batches increased by 6. 20-10. 80 ℃, the glass transition temperature increased by 0. 22-5. 16 ℃,and the heat enthalpy at the glass transition temperature increased by 0. 574-2. 437 J /g,compared with pure PLA. The composite master batch possessed superior thermal stability and heat resistance.

Effect of PLA Knitted Structure on the Mechanical Properties of Composite Vascular Scaffold

A new entire biodegradable scaffold has been developed which does not require precellularization before transplantation.This new kind of vascular scaffold prototype made from porous poly-ε-caprolactone( PCL) membrane to provide three-dimensional environment for cell growth, and embedded with weft-knitted polylactic acid( PLA) fabric to support mechanics.The aim of this paper is to study the variation tendency of mechanical properties with the fabric spacing changing.The basic geometrical parameters were measured to characterize properties of the samples.The tensile and compressive elastic recovery of the samples were tested by the universal mechanical tester and radial compression apparatus,respectively.Both tensile and compressive properties enhanced when reducing the fabric spacing of the composite vascular scaffold.

扩链剂对PLA/PBAT复合材料结构与性能的影响

通过混合熔融挤出方法制备聚乳酸(PLA)/聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二酯(PBAT)复合材料,采用差式扫描量热仪(DSC)、凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)、高压毛细管流变仪、偏光显微镜等分析手段,研究扩链剂对PLA/PBAT复合材料熔体流动速率、拉伸性能、热性能、相容性、相对分子质量、流变行为、成膜性以及薄膜制品力学性能等的影响。结果表明:扩链剂的加入,能够有效改善PLA/PBAT复合材料的相容性,提高PLA/PBAT复合材料的流动性、拉伸性能、热稳定性、熔体强度以及临界剪切速率等性能。同时,扩链剂的加入,提高了PLA/PBAT复合材料的加工成膜性能,制备的薄膜制品具有较好的力学性能。

多功能生物降解PLA-PBS高分子复合膜的制备工艺与性能研究

本文采用熔融共混和热压方法成功制备了PLA-PBS复合膜,考察了制备工艺对产品性能的影响,确定了最优工艺参数。优化制备的复合膜抗拉强度达52MPa,断裂伸长率达590%,完全降解所需时间少于3个月。该复合膜兼具力学性能高、成型加工好和快速降解的多功能特性。本研究为高性能PLA-PBS复合膜的工业化应用奠定了基础。

PLA/TiO_2纳米复合膜对香菇保鲜效果的研究

为研究纳米复合材料对采后香菇的保鲜效果,以未包装的香菇为对照,探讨了添加不同质量分数0%、1%、2%、3%纳米Ti O_2的PLA/Ti O_2纳米复合膜对香菇保鲜效果的影响。在(4±1)℃条件下,每4 d测定香菇贮藏期间理化指标及微生物指标。结果表明,PLA/Ti O_2纳米复合膜能更好地维持香菇贮藏期间的感官品质,抑制呼吸强度,减缓水分流失,维持较高VC及还原糖含量。纳米Ti O_2添加量与香菇的保鲜效果成正比,其中3%PLA/Ti O_2纳米复合膜对香菇的保鲜效果最佳。

碳纤维表面处理对C/PLA复合材料界面粘结强度的影响(Ⅱ)

对硝酸表面处理前后碳纤维增强聚乳酸 ( C/ PL A)复合材料的界面状态进行了研究。重点研究了碳纤维的硝酸表面处理对 C/ PL A复合材料界面粘结强度的影响以及粘结机理。研究表明 ,硝酸表面处理可使复合材料的界面粘结强度大幅度增加 ,复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和剪切强度亦有不同程度的提高。 XPS研究发现 ,碳纤维与 PL A基体间有化学反应发生。界面化学反应程度的增加是复合材料界面粘结强度提高的主要原因 ;此外 。

碳纤维增强聚乳酸(C/PLA)复合材料的力学性能(I)

对新型骨折内固定材料碳纤维增强聚乳酸 ( C/PLA)复合材料的力学性能进行了评价。重点研究了纤维体积分数 ( Vf)和硝酸表面处理对 C/PL A复合材料力学性能的影响规律。研究表明 ,随着 Vf的增加 ,复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、冲击强度和剪切强度均先增加 ,达峰值后又减小。硝酸表面处理可明显提高复合材料的界面结合强度 ,从而使其力学性能明显提高。