Construction material offcuts is a data problem that can largely be avoided by dimensional coordination during concept design.Besides the environmental benefits,early phase coordination is beneficial to the overall de...Construction material offcuts is a data problem that can largely be avoided by dimensional coordination during concept design.Besides the environmental benefits,early phase coordination is beneficial to the overall design process as it integrates information not typically considered until later in the design process.However,taking reality-changing actions is often challenged by uncertainty,time constraints,and lack of integration of available tools.Acknowledging the potential of computational design in enabling architects to manage design and coordination complexities and taking plasterboard opportunities for dimensional coordination,the paper presents a review and assessment of the existing methods to interrogate what,when,and how are these adaptable to the task.The study shows that ML-based methods outperform other methods and concludes that leveraging computational design powers to reduce offcuts is not a question of a tool,but one of a strategy.Eventually,the future steps to achieving such a strategy are discussed.展开更多
Environmental radon emanates from the exhalation and release of soil,rocks,and building materials.Environmental radon contamination tracing and radon pollution prevention and control require the measurement of the rad...Environmental radon emanates from the exhalation and release of soil,rocks,and building materials.Environmental radon contamination tracing and radon pollution prevention and control require the measurement of the radon exhalation rate on media surfaces.Reliable measurements of the radon exhalation rate cannot be achieved without regular calibration of the measuring instrument with a high-performance reference device.In this study,a reference device for the calibration of radon exhalation rate measuring instruments was developed using a diffusion solid radon source with a high and stable radon emanation coefficient,an integrated diffusion component composed of a plasterboard and a high-density wooden board,an air pressure balance device,a radon accumulation chamber,and a support structure.The uniformity and stability of the reference device were evaluated using the activated carbon-γspectrum and open-loop method,respectively,to measure the radon exhalation rate.The reference device achieved different radon exhalation rates by using different activities of diffusion solid radon sources.Nineteen measurement points were regularly selected on the radon exhalation surface of the reference device,and the uniformity of the radon exhalation rate exceeded 5%.The short-term stability of the reference device was better than 5%under different environmental conditions and was almost unaffected by the ambient air pressure,environmental temperature,and relative humidity.展开更多
文摘Construction material offcuts is a data problem that can largely be avoided by dimensional coordination during concept design.Besides the environmental benefits,early phase coordination is beneficial to the overall design process as it integrates information not typically considered until later in the design process.However,taking reality-changing actions is often challenged by uncertainty,time constraints,and lack of integration of available tools.Acknowledging the potential of computational design in enabling architects to manage design and coordination complexities and taking plasterboard opportunities for dimensional coordination,the paper presents a review and assessment of the existing methods to interrogate what,when,and how are these adaptable to the task.The study shows that ML-based methods outperform other methods and concludes that leveraging computational design powers to reduce offcuts is not a question of a tool,but one of a strategy.Eventually,the future steps to achieving such a strategy are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11875165).
文摘Environmental radon emanates from the exhalation and release of soil,rocks,and building materials.Environmental radon contamination tracing and radon pollution prevention and control require the measurement of the radon exhalation rate on media surfaces.Reliable measurements of the radon exhalation rate cannot be achieved without regular calibration of the measuring instrument with a high-performance reference device.In this study,a reference device for the calibration of radon exhalation rate measuring instruments was developed using a diffusion solid radon source with a high and stable radon emanation coefficient,an integrated diffusion component composed of a plasterboard and a high-density wooden board,an air pressure balance device,a radon accumulation chamber,and a support structure.The uniformity and stability of the reference device were evaluated using the activated carbon-γspectrum and open-loop method,respectively,to measure the radon exhalation rate.The reference device achieved different radon exhalation rates by using different activities of diffusion solid radon sources.Nineteen measurement points were regularly selected on the radon exhalation surface of the reference device,and the uniformity of the radon exhalation rate exceeded 5%.The short-term stability of the reference device was better than 5%under different environmental conditions and was almost unaffected by the ambient air pressure,environmental temperature,and relative humidity.
