郑州市城区悬铃木属(Platanus)树木的瘤突与环境

1996-2006年对郑州市城区悬铃木属(Platanus)树木瘤突进行了实地调查并记录了调查区段汽车过往数量.具瘤突的悬铃木属植株及其瘤突数量逐年上升,瘤突外露体积逐年增大.悬铃木属树木树干基部由地面向上1 m内,是环境汽车尾气致瘤外突的主要部位.事实表明,汽车尾气污染大气环境,致使城区环境日趋劣化,直接威胁着绿色植物的正常生长与人类健康.

Platanus orientalis leaves based hierarchical porous carbon microspheres as high efficiency adsorbents for organic dyes removal

Water contamination caused by hazardous organic dyes has drawn considerable attention, among all of the techniques released, adsorption has been widely used, which however to a large degree is dependent on the development of high efficiency adsorbents. Waste biomass based porous carbon is becoming the new star class of adsorbents, and thus contribute more to the sustainable development of the society. In this work, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, abundant waste fallen Platanus orientalis leaves are employed as the raw material for hierarchical activated porous carbon(APC) microspheres via a mild hydrothermal carbonization(210 ℃,12.0 h) followed by one-step calcination(750 ℃, 1.0 h). The APC microspheres exhibit a specific surface area of 1355.53 m^2·g^-1 and abundant functional groups such as O—H and C=O. Furthermore, the APC microspheres are used as the adsorbents for removal of Rh B and MO, with the maximum adsorption capabilities of 557.06 mg·g^-1 and 327.49 mg·g^-1, respectively, higher than those of the most porous carbon originated from biomass. The adsorption rates rapidly approach to 98.2%(RhB) and 95.4%(MO) within 10 min. The adsorption data can be well fitted by Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, meanwhile the intra-particle diffusion and Boyd models simultaneously indicate that the diffusion within the pores is the main rate-limiting step. Besides, the APC microspheres also demonstrate good recyclability, and may also be applied to other areas such as heterogeneous catalysis and energy storage.

Accumulation of heavy metal in Platanus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia and Fraxinus rotundifolia

Plants are capable of reducing environmental pollutions through uptaking contaminants in their tissues. In the study site, twenty one-year-old leaves and shoots as well as twenty soil samples were sampled and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma （ICP）. We investigated the uptaking ability of lead （Pb） and cadmium （Cd） by the leaves and shoots of Platanus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia and Fraxinus rotundifolia in Karaj city, the western Tehran, Iran. We also evaluated the total metal accumulation capacity by using metal accumulation index （MAI）. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in uptaking contents of Cd and Pb in the leaves among the trees. However accumulation of Cd in shoots of F. rotundifolia and R. pseudoacacia was significantly higher than that of P. orientalis. The accumulation of Pb in shoots of R. pseudoacacia was significantly higher than the other species. The amount of Pb in the soil of the study area was significantly higher than Cd. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in leaves of the three species are in the ranges of 2.4 2.7 mg Kg-1 and 7.1 14.4 mg Kg-1 , respectively. R. pseudoacacia had the highest MAI value for leaves （2.21） and F. rotundifolia had the highest MAI value for shoots （2.4）.

Contamination and browning in tissue culture of Platanus occidentalis L.

Twigs of 2-3-year-old Platanus occidentalis L. were used as experimental material to find the causes for the contamination and browning in the initial stages of tissue cultures. To compare the degree of browning of explants picked off from different growing seasons, the experimental material was excised from trees on each of the first ten days in January, March, May and July, 2006. The results indicated that the contamination and browning rates of the material cut off in January （14.2% and 30.6%, respectively） and March were somewhat lower than those in July. The pretreatment of soaking the explants in different anti-oxidants and absorbents at the same time could diminish some side effects. The pretreatment of using 10 g·L^-1 vitamin C reduced the contamination and brown- ing rate effectively. An orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal factor and level arrangement is 0.5 mg·L^-1BA, 2.0 g·L^-1 active carbon and 1.5 g·L^-1 PVP which resulted in a browning rate of only 16.5%. In general, sampling period, physical properties and pretreatment of explants are the main factors responsible for the contamination and browning of material in the initial stages of P. occidentalis tissue cultures.

A new species of Platanus from the Cenomanian(Upper Cretaceous) in eastern Heilongjiang, China

The stratigraphic division and sequence of the Upper Cretaceous sediments in eastern Heilongjiang Province,China,have been ambiguous and controversial,mainly due to a lack of biostratigraphically useful fossils and related radiometric dating.A new species of angiospermous fossil plant.Platanus heilongjiangensis sp.nov.,from Qitaihe in eastern Heilongjiang has been found in sediments conformably above which zircons from a rhyolitic tuff has been dated by U-Pb radiometric methods as 96.2±1.7 Ma.indicating that the Upper Houshigou Formation is of Cenomanian age.This discovery not only provides new data to improve our stratigraphic understanding of the Houshigou Formation,but also shows that Platanus flourished in the early Late Cretaceous floras of the region.This new study also indicates active volcanism taking place in the eastern Heilongjiang region during the Cenomanian of the Late Cretaceous.

Adventitious shoot regeneration of Platanus acerifolia Willd. facilitated by Timentin,an antibiotic for suppression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in genetic transformation

The effects of Timentin and cefotaxime （Cef） on shoot regeneration of the London plane tree （Platanus acerifolia Willd.） and their use for the suppression ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens in Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation were compared. Shoot regeneration was significantly reduced on the media with Cef at concentrations from 100 to 500 mg·L^-1. Timentin showed negative effect on plant regeneration at concentrations of 100 and 500 mg·L^-1; however, 300 mg·L^-1 Timentin was shown to facilitate shoot regeneration significantly and the regeneration frequency increased from 64% （control） to 88%. Effective suppression of A. tumefaciens could be obtained with 500 mg·L^-1 Cef, but plant regeneration was completely inhibited at this level. The A. tumefaciens on infected P. acerifolia leaf tissues was visually undetectable after three subcultures on a medium with 300 mg·L^-1 Timentin. Considering the effect of Cef and Timentin on plant regeneration and suppression of Agrobacteria, Timentin at 300 mg·L^-1 is the preferred application in .4. tumefaciens-mediated transformation ofP acerifolia.

Effect of Different Indole-3-Buteric Acid(IBA)Concentrations and Cutting Types on Plane Trees(Platanus orientalis L.)

Effects of different Indole-3-Buteric Acid （IBA） concentrations （0, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 500 ppm） and curing types （soft wood, semi hard and hard wood） of plane tree were investigated with Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） at the Agricultural research station, Charsadda. The maximum survival percentage, plant height （cm）, root length （era）, numbers of roots and root weight per cutting were significantly higher in hard wood cuttings. IBA concentration had no speculative effect on plane tree cuttings. Thus, hard wood cutting was the best choice for plan tree propagation.

Isolation and Crystal Structure of 3β-acetoxy-20 (29)-lupen-28-aldehyde from the Bark of Platanus Acerifolia Willd

The title compound,3β-acetoxy-20（29）-lupen-28-aldehyde,is a pentacyclic triterpene which was first isolated from the acetyl acetate fraction of Platanus acerifolia Willd bark and characterized by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR.Besides,the crystal of the compound was acquired,and the relative configuration of 3β-acetoxy-20（29）-lupen-28-aldehyde was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for the first time.It crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group C2 with a=14.428（3）,b=6.6620（13）,c=30.399（6）,β=103.73（3）°,Z=4,C32 H50 O3,M r=482.72,Dc =1.130 g/cm 3,V=2838.5（10）3,μ（MoKa）=0.070 mm-1,F（000）= 1064,the final R=0.0657 and wR=0.1855 for 2839 independent reflections （R int=0.0802）and 1963 observed ones （I〉2（I））.Intramolecular van der waals force contributes to the stability of the structure.

Ecological Study of Bryophytes on Platanus orientalis L. Trees in Nainital (Western Himalaya)

The bryophytic vegetation associated with Platanus orientalis trees were studied and compared with other important tree species of Nainital. In total 27 mosses and liverworts belonging to 14 families with three morphological groups formed the principle component of Platanus orientalis tree bark. Based on IVI (Important Value Index), Regmatodon orthostegius together with Brachymenium capitulatum formed the pioneer community, while Herpetineuron toccoae formed the climax community on the Platanus orientalis stems. Comparison of the bryoflora of P. orientalis with other dominant trees of this locality indicated that 15 species were common, while 12 species viz., Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) R.H., Bryoerythrophyllum dentatum (Mitt.) Chen, Gemmabryum apiculatum (Schw?gr.), Ditrichum heteromallum (Hedw.) Britt., Entodon chloropus Ren. & Card., Cylindrothecium laetum (Griff.) Paris, Fabronia schensiana C. Muell., Lejeunea tuberculosa Stephani, Levierella neckeroides (Griff.), Regmatodon orthostegius Mont., Rhynchostegiella menadensis (Lac.) Bartr. and Stereophyllum fulvum (Harv.) Jaeg. were confined to the tree barks of P. orientalis.

Identification of Phaeoacremonium aleophillum Phytotoxin Decline Platanus Trees Platanus occidentalies L.

The genus Phaeoacremonium is associated die-back of various woody hosts. In this study, Phaeoaeremonium specie was isolated from necrotic woody tissue of Platanus occidentalies L. （Platanus）. Morphological and cultural characteristics were used to identify the species, which known, and being described as Phaeoacremonium aleophillum. This is the first report on identifying Phaeoacremonium aleophillum from Platanus in Iraq, previously reports accommodate Cephalosporium acremonium from Platanus trees. This specie is able to produce toxic metabolites. Applications of P. aleophillum crude and cell-free filtrates induced severe chlorosis and necrosis on Platanus leaves after 24 hours of treatment with P. aleophillum culture filtrate. A novel phytotoxin was isolated from P. aleophillurn and culture filtrate was identified as galactouronic acid.

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Platanus occidentalis L.

[ Objective ] The aim was to carry out study on the tissue culture of Platanus occldentalis L. so as to provide suitable method for propagation and preser- vation of fine strains. [ Method ] Four lines of P. occidentalis were used as test materials to explore the proliferation conditions of them on different mediums. [ Re- suit] The difference on the proliferation culture conditions among four clones, four media as well as the interaction of clones and media is extremely significant. The multiple comparisons result showed that the optimal proliferation medium for SX4, SX12, SJ28 and DY18 are ？,4, A2, A2 and A4. SX4 shows the best proliferation result. [ Conclusion] The result in this study has provided suitable method for propagation and preservation of fine strains and the material basis for further studies an P ,~rvirl.,,n^nli~

Leaf developmental stability of Platanus acerifolia under urban environmental stress and its implication as an environmental indicator

The developmental stability indices,leaf width based fluctuating asymmetry(FA1),and lateral vein length based directional asymmetry(RDA1)of Platanus acerifolia were studied.All the leaves were sampled from 14 sites that were categorized based on different urban environmental stress levels(UESL)in Shanghai metropolitan,China.Besides,foliar stomatal density and stomatal length were also studied as the subsidiary indices to test the availability of developmental stability indices as the indicator under a stressful environment.Results showed seasonal variation of FA1 and RDA1 existed among the 14 sites,but the data showed significant negative correlation between FA1 and UESL(FA1=0.029−0.0009UESL+0.0003UESL2,r=0.7665,P=0.0014).However,a similar trend was not found between RDA1 and UESL.Furthermore,the significant correlation among FA1 and leaf stomatal length and stomatal density implied they could be used as indicators of urban stress levels on a small scale.It seemed that RDA1 was possibly a normal parameter during leaf development but it was unavailable for use as an indicator of urban stresses.

铺装对悬铃木根系空间分布影响研究

以南京市热河路、北京西路、市政府大院中胸径≥1 m的行道树悬铃木(Platanus spp.)为试验对象,利用树木雷达检测系统,在距树干0.5、1.0和1.5 m处,对不同铺装条件下悬铃木直径≥3 cm的根系进行探测。研究表明,随着距树干距离和土壤深度的增加,悬铃木直径≥3 cm的根数逐渐增多;草坪覆盖下悬铃木直径≥3 cm的根数和根系分布范围(12.35~120.00 cm)均小于铺装条件下的;当树池外全部为硬质铺装时,在距树干1.5 m处,65.83%直径≥3 cm的根系分布在深度40~150 cm土层中,根系分布的最深深度达148.07 cm。由此可见,铺装对源自地上部分的水分和养分的阻隔程度越大越促进根系深扎,根系分布最浅深度与铺装面砖或硬化铺装的厚度相关。

Application and Verification of Logarithmic LinearCorrelation Model of Element Contents Between Tree Ringsand Soils near the Tree Roots

Nine Platanus acerifolia (Ait.) Willd. trees growing in the Nanjing Children Teacher’s School, Nanjing,China, were selected to determine the contents of 13 chemical elements both in the 1994’s growth rings,C(Z, t), and in the soils near the roots, C’(Z, t), of the trees. The results showed that the relationship between C(Z, t) and C’(Z, t) followed the logarithmic linear correlation model, lgC’(Z, t)=a(Z)+b(Z) ig C (Z, t).Based on this model the chrono-sequences of chemical element contents in the soils were reproduced from those in the tree rings; i.e., the dynamic variations in the chemical element contents of the soils at the sites were traced. In this study the chrono-sequences of the chemical elements including Cd, Ph, Mn, Co and Zn in the soils near the roots of a Platanus acerifolia tree from 1957 to 1994 were established, and the background values of Cd, Pb, Mn, Co and Zn in the soil were calculated by taking the lowest values of the chrono-sequences of the element contents as upper limits of the background values.

加拿大乡土观赏树木简介

在加拿大东南,西南之隅的针叶-落叶混交林及横贯境内大部的寒温带针叶林中,蕴藏着丰富的观赏树木资源,许多种类业已受到世界各地的普遍次迎。加拿大铁杉(Tsuga canadensis)、北美香柏(Jhujaoccidentalis)、北美鹅掌楸(Liriodendron tulipifera)、悬铃木、(Platanus occidentalis)等树种赢得了中国人民的喜爱。下面恨据观赏用途的不同,分三类简要介绍。一、林木类:这类树种常能构成葱笼的林相。分为:

法桐缺铁黄化病成因及防治策略

分析了引起法桐[Platanus acerifolia(Ait.)Willd.]缺铁的因素,将缺铁黄化病按照叶片黄化及发病的严重程度分为轻、中、重3种程度,提出:按照缺铁严重程度分别采取叶片喷施硫酸亚铁液肥、改土、换土、浇灌硫酸亚铁加生物有机液肥、树体输液等方法,综合防治缺铁黄化病,力求达到方便、快速、高效,低成本的防治目的。

影响法桐大桩移植成活及长势的地下因素分析

分析了法桐(Platanus acerifolia)大桩移植过程中存在的影响成活率和长势的地下因素,包括定植穴开挖时间、方式、大小与形状,重茬与土壤,栽植深浅,土球挖掘、包扎物处理等因素。提出了确定定植时间、破除机械施工中形成的硬土层、适树适坑、合理土球、破除地下水泥面及其它坚硬的建筑垃圾层、土球包扎物等解决办法。采取换土、使用有机肥以及生长季浇灌添加硫酸亚铁的有机液体菌肥等措施解决土壤问题;以及对重茬定植的树木进行补救的技术措施,以提高大桩移植成活率及长势。

速生法桐扦插育苗技术

悬铃木又称法桐(Platanus orientalis Linn.),枝叶繁茂,高大挺拔,其生长速度快、生命力强、适应性强、移栽成活率高,是良好的行道树种。采用扦插育苗,整地作畦后先覆盖黑地膜,按行距80cm、株距30cm密度扦插,保持60%~70%土壤湿度,追肥3次约100kg,当年苗高2~3.5cm、地径1.8~2.5cm,当年成活率85%以上。