Globally,many lakes are drying up,leaving exposed lakebeds where wind erosion releases dust and sand rich in salt and harmful heavy metals into the atmosphere.Therefore,understanding the characteristics and spatial di...Globally,many lakes are drying up,leaving exposed lakebeds where wind erosion releases dust and sand rich in salt and harmful heavy metals into the atmosphere.Therefore,understanding the characteristics and spatial distribution of playa surface crusts is important to recognize the manifestation of salt dust storms.The objective of this study was to explore the playa surface crust types as well as their spatial distribution and evolution of Qehan Lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China to understand the salt dust release potential of different types of playa surface crusts.Various crust characteristics were investigated by field sampling in Qehan Lake,and playa surface crusts were further divided into five types:vegetated areas,salt crusts,clay flats,curly crusts,and margins.It should be noted that curly crusts were distributed in clay flats and covered only a small area in Qehan Lake.The spatial distribution characteristics of playa surface crust types were obtained by supervised classification of remote sensing images,and the salt dust release potential of crusts was explored by the wind tunnel experiments.The field investigation of Qehan Lake revealed that playa surface crust types had a circum-lake band distribution from the inside to the outside of this lake,which were successively vegetated areas,clay flats,salt crusts,and margins.The spatial distribution patterns of playa surface crust types were mainly controlled by the hydrodynamics of the playa,soil texture,and groundwater.There was a significant negative correlation between crust thickness and electrical conductivity.The results of the wind tunnel experiments showed that the initial threshold of friction wind velocity for the salt dust release was higher in clay flats(0.7–0.8 m/s)than in salt crusts(0.5–0.6 m/s).Moreover,the particle leap impact processes occurring under natural conditions may reduce this threshold value.Salinity was the main factor controlling the difference in the initial threshold of friction wind velocity for the salt dust release of clay flats and salt crusts.This study provides a scientific reference for understanding how salt dust is released from a lakebed,which may be used for ecological restoration of dry salt lakes.展开更多
1 Introduction There is a long period of hot,arid climates in the Jurassic-Neogene,in the eastern of the Neo-Tethys where is been called Western Yunnan—Qiangtang tectonic belt(Zheng et al.,2010).Especially in the Pal...1 Introduction There is a long period of hot,arid climates in the Jurassic-Neogene,in the eastern of the Neo-Tethys where is been called Western Yunnan—Qiangtang tectonic belt(Zheng et al.,2010).Especially in the Paleogene,under the control of the planetary winds and the north subtropical high pressure belts,a ribbon arid。展开更多
Playas are common in many arid regions and recognized as a major source of hypersaline particles.A better understanding of wind erosion on crusted playas has significant implications for land management and pollution ...Playas are common in many arid regions and recognized as a major source of hypersaline particles.A better understanding of wind erosion on crusted playas has significant implications for land management and pollution control practices.We hypothesized that wind erosion rates of crusted playas were complicated and controlled by the interactions between playa crust and wind-induced saltation conditions.However,comparisons regarding the effects of different playa crusts on wind erosion under no saltation(NS)and with saltation(WS)conditions were lacking.In this study,laboratory wind tunnel experiments were carried out to simulate both NS and WS conditions,to investigate the erosion rates of different crust types(Salt,Takyr,and Puffic crust)at different wind speeds.Results showed that:1)Salt crust had greater crust strengths than did Takyr crust and Puffic crust;2)wind erosion rates under the WS condition were up to 60 times greater than those under the NS condition,suggesting that sand bombardment was the dominant mechanism responsible for removal of fine material from crusted playa surfaces;3)both sand bombardment rate and wind erosion rate of the playa crusts increased with increasing wind speed under the WS conditions;4)Puffic crust exhibited a greater rate of wind erosion compared to both the Takyr and Salt crusts under the Ns condition,yet tended to have a lower rate of wind erosion compared to both the Takyr and Salt crusts under the WS condition.This difference can be attributed to the fact that soft Puffic crusts are pliable and can dissipate the force of impacting grains under the Ws conditions.Our results indicated that wind erosion processes on crusted playas are complicated and are affected by wind-induced saltation and crust type,specifically crust strength and elasticityofthesurface.展开更多
In many arid and semiarid regions,saline playas represent a significant source of unconsoli-dated sediments available for aeolian transport,and severe saline dust storms occur frequently due to human disturbance.In th...In many arid and semiarid regions,saline playas represent a significant source of unconsoli-dated sediments available for aeolian transport,and severe saline dust storms occur frequently due to human disturbance.In this study,saline dust storms are reviewed systematically from the aspects of con-cept,general characteristics,conditions of occurrence,distribution and ecological impact.Our researches showed that saline dust storms are a kind of chemical dust storm originating in dry lake beds in arid and semiarid regions;large areas of unconsolidated saline playa sediments and frequent strong winds are the basic factors to saline dust storm occurrence;there are differentiation characteristics in deposition flux and chemical composition with wind-blown distance during saline dust storm diffusion;and saline dust storm diffusion to some extent increases glacier melt and results in soil salinization in arid regions.An under-standing of saline dust storms is important to guide disaster prevention and ecological rehabilitation.展开更多
1 Introduction There are numerous salt lakes in western China(Zheng Mianping,et al.,2011).Yiliping playa on the western Qaidam Basin is a magnesium sulfate subtype dry salt lake with high concentrations of potassium,b...1 Introduction There are numerous salt lakes in western China(Zheng Mianping,et al.,2011).Yiliping playa on the western Qaidam Basin is a magnesium sulfate subtype dry salt lake with high concentrations of potassium,boron and lithium.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42067013, 41571090)
文摘Globally,many lakes are drying up,leaving exposed lakebeds where wind erosion releases dust and sand rich in salt and harmful heavy metals into the atmosphere.Therefore,understanding the characteristics and spatial distribution of playa surface crusts is important to recognize the manifestation of salt dust storms.The objective of this study was to explore the playa surface crust types as well as their spatial distribution and evolution of Qehan Lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China to understand the salt dust release potential of different types of playa surface crusts.Various crust characteristics were investigated by field sampling in Qehan Lake,and playa surface crusts were further divided into five types:vegetated areas,salt crusts,clay flats,curly crusts,and margins.It should be noted that curly crusts were distributed in clay flats and covered only a small area in Qehan Lake.The spatial distribution characteristics of playa surface crust types were obtained by supervised classification of remote sensing images,and the salt dust release potential of crusts was explored by the wind tunnel experiments.The field investigation of Qehan Lake revealed that playa surface crust types had a circum-lake band distribution from the inside to the outside of this lake,which were successively vegetated areas,clay flats,salt crusts,and margins.The spatial distribution patterns of playa surface crust types were mainly controlled by the hydrodynamics of the playa,soil texture,and groundwater.There was a significant negative correlation between crust thickness and electrical conductivity.The results of the wind tunnel experiments showed that the initial threshold of friction wind velocity for the salt dust release was higher in clay flats(0.7–0.8 m/s)than in salt crusts(0.5–0.6 m/s).Moreover,the particle leap impact processes occurring under natural conditions may reduce this threshold value.Salinity was the main factor controlling the difference in the initial threshold of friction wind velocity for the salt dust release of clay flats and salt crusts.This study provides a scientific reference for understanding how salt dust is released from a lakebed,which may be used for ecological restoration of dry salt lakes.
文摘1 Introduction There is a long period of hot,arid climates in the Jurassic-Neogene,in the eastern of the Neo-Tethys where is been called Western Yunnan—Qiangtang tectonic belt(Zheng et al.,2010).Especially in the Paleogene,under the control of the planetary winds and the north subtropical high pressure belts,a ribbon arid。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41971120,41730639,42107353)。
文摘Playas are common in many arid regions and recognized as a major source of hypersaline particles.A better understanding of wind erosion on crusted playas has significant implications for land management and pollution control practices.We hypothesized that wind erosion rates of crusted playas were complicated and controlled by the interactions between playa crust and wind-induced saltation conditions.However,comparisons regarding the effects of different playa crusts on wind erosion under no saltation(NS)and with saltation(WS)conditions were lacking.In this study,laboratory wind tunnel experiments were carried out to simulate both NS and WS conditions,to investigate the erosion rates of different crust types(Salt,Takyr,and Puffic crust)at different wind speeds.Results showed that:1)Salt crust had greater crust strengths than did Takyr crust and Puffic crust;2)wind erosion rates under the WS condition were up to 60 times greater than those under the NS condition,suggesting that sand bombardment was the dominant mechanism responsible for removal of fine material from crusted playa surfaces;3)both sand bombardment rate and wind erosion rate of the playa crusts increased with increasing wind speed under the WS conditions;4)Puffic crust exhibited a greater rate of wind erosion compared to both the Takyr and Salt crusts under the Ns condition,yet tended to have a lower rate of wind erosion compared to both the Takyr and Salt crusts under the WS condition.This difference can be attributed to the fact that soft Puffic crusts are pliable and can dissipate the force of impacting grains under the Ws conditions.Our results indicated that wind erosion processes on crusted playas are complicated and are affected by wind-induced saltation and crust type,specifically crust strength and elasticityofthesurface.
基金funded by the Xinjiang Natural Science Foundation of China (200821162)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2009CB825101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40671170)
文摘In many arid and semiarid regions,saline playas represent a significant source of unconsoli-dated sediments available for aeolian transport,and severe saline dust storms occur frequently due to human disturbance.In this study,saline dust storms are reviewed systematically from the aspects of con-cept,general characteristics,conditions of occurrence,distribution and ecological impact.Our researches showed that saline dust storms are a kind of chemical dust storm originating in dry lake beds in arid and semiarid regions;large areas of unconsolidated saline playa sediments and frequent strong winds are the basic factors to saline dust storm occurrence;there are differentiation characteristics in deposition flux and chemical composition with wind-blown distance during saline dust storm diffusion;and saline dust storm diffusion to some extent increases glacier melt and results in soil salinization in arid regions.An under-standing of saline dust storms is important to guide disaster prevention and ecological rehabilitation.
基金Financial support from China Geological Survey (1212011085523)the "Chunhui" project of the Ministry of Education of China
文摘1 Introduction There are numerous salt lakes in western China(Zheng Mianping,et al.,2011).Yiliping playa on the western Qaidam Basin is a magnesium sulfate subtype dry salt lake with high concentrations of potassium,boron and lithium.
