Study on the mechanism of tRNA-ValAAC-5 in promoting the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Objective:To demonstrate the role and mechanism of tRNA-ValAAC-5 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells.Methods:The expression levels of tRNA-ValAAC-5 in HCC(Hep3B,HuH7,SNU398,Hep3G2)and human hepatocellular carcinoma(THLE2,THLE3)were detected by real-time PCR.HEP3B and Hep3G2 cells were respectively transfected with tRNA-ValAAC-5-inhibitor and tRNA-ValAAC-5-NC as the inhibitor group and the NC group.Then the ability of cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and the ability of invasion and metastasis was detected by Transwell assay.The protein expression levels of p21,Matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2)and Matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9)were determined by Western blot.Results:The relative expression of tRNA-ValAAC-5 in Hep3B,HuH7,SNU398 and Hep3G2 cells were significantly higher than THLE2 and THLE3 cells,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After tRNA-ValAAC-5-inhibitor transfection,the expression of tRNA-ValAAC-5 in Hep3B and Hep3G2 cells were reduced than tRNA-ValAAC-NC group.Both of the differences were statistically significant(t=36.52,27.45,P<0.001),which indicated the transfection was successful.The proliferative ability of Hep3B and Hep3G2 cells transfected with tRNA-ValAAC-5-inhibitor after 24,48,72,96 h were inhibited effectively compared with tRNA-ValAAC-5-NC group.All of the differences were statistically significant in Hep3B(t=5.25,8.23,7.33,14.16,P<0.001)and Hep3G2(t=4.25,5.11,9.39,7.59,P<0.001)cells.The number of invasion and metastasis of Hep3B and Hep3G2 cells were reduced in tRNA-ValAAC-5-inhibitor group compared with tRNA-ValAAC-5-NC group,there was significant difference(t=14.01,21.85,P<0.001).The protein expression levels of P21 were lower,MMP2 and MMP9 were higher in tRNA-ValAAC-5-inhibitor group compared with tRNA-ValAAC-5-NC group,the differences were statistically significant in Hep3B(t=8.96,12.80,4.652,P<0.001)cells and Hep3G2(t=15.17,22.36,12.61,P<0.001)cells.Conclusion:tRNA-ValAAC-5 can effectively promote the proliferation,invasion and metastasis of HCC,and its possible mechanism is related to regulating the expression of p21,MMP2 and MMP9.

Micro RNA-548a-5p promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting Tg737

AIM: To investigate whether Tg737 is regulated by micro RNA-548a-5p(mi R-548a-5p), and correlates with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cell proliferation and apoptosis.METHODS: Assays of loss of function of Tg737 were performed by the colony formation assay, CCK assay and cell cycle assay in HCC cell lines. The interaction between mi R-548a-5p and its downstream target, Tg737, was evaluated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tg737 was then up-regulated in HCC cells to evaluate its effect on mi R-548a-5p regulation. Hep G2 cells stably overexpressing mi R-548a-5p or mi R-control were also subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice to evaluate the effect of mi R-548a-5p up-regulation on in vivo tumor growth. As the final step, the effect of mi R-548a-5p on the apoptosis induced by cisplatin was evaluated by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Down-regulation of Tg737, which is a target gene of mi R-548a-5p, accelerated HCC cell proliferation, and mi R-548a-5p promoted HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Like the downregulation of Tg737, overexpression of mi R-548a-5p in HCC cell lines promoted cell proliferation, increased colony forming ability and hampered cell apoptosis. In addition, mi R-548a-5p overexpression increased HCC cell growth in vivo. Mi R-548a-5p downregulated Tg737 expression through direct contact with its 3' untranslated region(UTR), and mi R-548a-5p expression was negatively correlated with Tg737 levels in HCC specimens. Restoring Tg737(without the 3'UTR) significantly hampered mi R-548a-5p induced cell proliferation, and rescued the mi R-548a-5p induced cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by cisplatin.CONCLUSION: Mi R-548a-5p negatively regulates the tumor inhibitor gene Tg737 and promotes tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target for HCC.

Effect of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine on the expression of p16 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro

Objective: To study the effect of 5-Aza-2’ -deoxycytidine (5-Aza-cdR) on tumour suppressor gene p16 expres- sion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Method: Expression of pl6 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC-7721 and HePG2 before and after treatment with 5-Aza-cdR were analyzed via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistrty Results: The expression levels of p16 mRNA and protein were increased dramatically after treatment with 5-Aza-cdR. Conclusion: Our data show that, 5-Aza-2’ -deoxycytidine can increase the expression of pl6 gene both at transcription and translation. The findings suggested that 5-Aza-cdR may reactivate the pl6 gene by demethylation.

IGF2BP3-induced activation of EIF5B contributes to progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

In this study,we investigated the functional role of eukaryotic initiation factor 5B(EIF5B)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the underlying mechanisms.Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the EIF5B transcript and protein levels as well as the EIF5Bcopy number were significantly higher in the HCC tissues compared with the non-cancerous liver tissues.Down-regulation of EIF5B significantly decreased proliferation and invasiveness of the HCC cells.Furthermore,EIF5B knockdown suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and the cancer stem cell(CSC)phenotype.Down-regulation of EIF5B also increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU).In the HCC cells,activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and IkB phosphorylation was significantly reduced by EIF5B silencing.IGF2BP3 increased the stability of the EIF5B mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner.Our data suggested that EIF5B is a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.

Effects of long non-coding RNA GAS5 on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through miR-26a-5p action

Objective Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)regulate tumor development and progression by promoting tumor proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of lncRNA growth arrest-special 5(GAS5)on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells through miR-26a-5p action.Methods Expression levels of GAS5 were detected in cancerous and paracancerous tissue of 80 HCC patients by RT-qPCR.The starBase tool predicted that GAS5 had binding sites for the miRNA miR-26a-5p,which was also highly expressed in HCC tissue.The relationship between GAS5 and miR-26a-5p was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay.The role of these lncRNAs was further explored by transfecting plasmids into SMMC-7721 cells and classifying the cells as follows:NC group,GAS5 group,anti-miR-26a-5p group,and GAS5+miR-26a-5p group.Cell proliferation,cell cycle,and apoptosis were detected in each group.The relationship between miR-26a-5p and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN)was analyzed by TargetScan database prediction and luciferase reporter assay.Western blotting was used to quantify PTEN,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt),cyclin D1,and human P27 protein(P27).Results GAS5 was downregulated,while miR-26a-5p was upregulated in HCC tissue compared to in paracancerous tissue.High GAS5 levels and low miR-26a-5p levels inhibited cell proliferation,increased the number of G0/G1 phase cells,promoted cell apoptosis,promoted PTEN and P27 expression,and inhibited PI3K,P-Akt,and cyclin D1 expression at the protein level.Upregulation of miR-26a-5p attenuated the effects of GAS5 upregulation on the proliferation,cell cycle,and apoptosis of HCC cells and on the expression of PTNE/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins.Conclusion Low GAS5 levels regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells via the PTNE/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and are linked to upregulation of miR-26a-5p.

Hepatitis B virus X protein induces hepatic stem cell-like features in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating KDM5B

To determine the role of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), HBx in regulating hepatic progenitor cell (HPC)-like features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms.METHODSWe used a retrovirus vector to introduce wild type HBx or empty vector into HepG2 cells. We then used these cells to analyze cell proliferation, senescence, transformation, and stem-like features. Gene expression profiling was carried out on Affymetrix GeneChip Human U133A2.0 ver.2 arrays according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis and Class Comparison analysis were performed by BRB-Array Tools software Version 4.2.2. A total of 238 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC patients’ array data were used for analyzing clinical features.RESULTSThe histone demethylase KDM5B was significantly highly expressed in HBV-related HCC cases (P < 0.01). In HBV proteins, only HBx up-regulated KDM5B by activating c-myc. Hepatic stem cell (HpSC) markers (EpCAM, AFP, PROM1, and NANOG) were significantly highly expressed in KDM5B-high HCC cases (P < 0.01). KDM5B played an important role in maintaining HpSC-like features and was associated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, inhibition of KDM5B suppressed spheroid formation and cell invasion in vitro.CONCLUSIONHBx activates the histone demethylase KDM5B and induces HPC-like features in HCC. Histone demethylases KDM5B may be an important therapeutic target against HBV-related HCC cases.

Long noncoding RNA HAND2-AS1 re duce d the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting microRNA-300/SOCS5 axis

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most prevalent human cancers with high mortality.Long non-coding RNA heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 anti-sense 1(HAND2-AS1)is down-regulated in several cancers including HCC,yet the precise mechanisms how HAND2-AS1 regulates cell survival in HCC remains poorly understood.Methods:The expression levels of HAND2-AS1 and miR-300 were measured using quantitative real-time PCR.The protein levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 5(SOCS5),Bcl-2,Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot.Cell viability and cell proliferation were assessed using cell counting kit-8 and clone formation assay,respectively.Cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry.The interactions between HAND2-AS1 and miR-300,miR-300 and SOCS5 were validated using luciferase reporter assay.Results:HAND2-AS1 was down-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines,and the expression level of HAND2-AS1 was positively correlated to patient survival.HAND2-AS1 over-expression reduced viability and proliferation in HCC cells.Elevated HAND2-AS1 level induced apoptosis in HCC cells,accompanied with increased Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels and decreased Bcl-2 level.We also validated that HAND2-AS1 acted as a sponge of miR-300,and there was a negative correlation between expression levels of HAND2-AS1 and miR-300 in HCC tissues.Furthermore,we found that SOCS5 was a downstream target of miR-300.In addition,miR-300 mimics abolished HAND2-AS1-mediated inhibition of cell viability and proliferation.miR-300 mimics also reversed the HAND2-AS1-induced apoptosis in HCC cells.Conclusion:lncRNA HAND2-AS1 inhibits proliferation in HCC through regulating miR-300/SOCS5 axis.

山萘酚逆转肝癌耐药细胞Bel-7402/5-Fu的作用机制研究

目的探讨山萘酚(KAE)对肝癌耐药细胞Bel-7402/5-Fu功能的影响。方法采用KAE处理Bel-7402/5-Fu细胞,将细胞分为对照组和药物组(0.064、0.320、1.600、8、40、200μmol/L KAE);根据干扰DNA依赖性激酶催化亚基(DNA-PKcs)、加入蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132或加入自噬抑制剂CQ,将细胞分为si-NC组和DNA-PKcs干扰(siRNA-1664、siRNA-2142、siRNA-3785)组,对照组、KAE组和KAE+si-DNA-PKcs组,对照组、KAE+DMSO组、KAE+MG132组和KAE+CQ组。采用CCK-8检测细胞增殖,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和Western blot检测组蛋白H_(2)AX磷酸化(γ-H_(2)AX)、DNA-PKcs、DNA双链断裂修复/V(D)J重组蛋白(Artemis)和药泵基因(P-gp)mRNA和蛋白的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡,蛋白稳定性实验检测DNA-PKcs蛋白稳定性,免疫共沉淀检测DNA-PKcs蛋白泛素化。结果与对照组相比,8μmol/L KAE处理细胞24 h可抑制约50%的细胞增殖能力,选择此时间和浓度进行后续研究。与对照组相比,KAE组γ-H_(2)AX mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高,DNA-PKcs、Artemis和P-gp mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,KAE促进Bel-7402/5-Fu细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期,增加细胞凋亡;与si-NC组相比,siRNA-1664能显著下调DNA-PKcs mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P<0.05);与KAE组相比,KAE+si-DNAPKcs组进一步促进了KAE对细胞的效应;与对照组相比,KAE+DMSO组DNA-PKcs蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);与KAE+DMSO组相比,KAE+MG132组DNA-PKcs蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),而KAE+CQ组DNA-PKcs蛋白表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05);与对照组相比,KAE+DMSO组促进DNA-PKcs蛋白的泛素化,而KAE+MG132组则可抑制其泛素化(P<0.05)。结论KAE能够诱导肝癌耐药细胞Bel-7402/5-Fu的细胞凋亡和细胞周期阻滞。

Role of the tissue microenvironment as a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma is difficult to treat,primarilybecause the underlying molecular mechanisms drivingclinical outcome are still poorly understood.Growingevidence suggests that the tissue microenvironmenthas a role in the biological behavior of the tumor.Themain clinical issue is to identify the best target fortherapeutic approaches.Here,we discuss the hypothesis that the entire tissue microenvironment might beconsidered as a biological target.However,the tissuemicroenvironment consists of several cellular and biochemical components,each of which displays a distinctbiological activity.We discuss the major components ofthis environment and consider how they may interactto promote tumor/host crosstalk.

芹菜素对MHCC97H源性球细胞对5-氟尿嘧啶敏感性的影响

目的 研究芹菜素(API)对人肝细胞癌MHCC97H源性球细胞(MH-SFC)对5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的敏感性的影响,并探讨其分子机制。方法 应用无血清干细胞培养基超低黏附培养获得MH-SFC。CCK-8检测5-FU或API抑制MH-SFC和MHCC97H细胞存活力的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))。实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)分析miR-34a-5p表达水平。API(10.0、40.0 μmol·L^(-1))预处理或API(40.0 μmol·L^(-1))联合miR-34a-5p抑制物(Anti-34a)共处理MH-SFC,随后测定5-FU的IC_(50)。Western blot分析MH-SFC的FoxM1及c-Myc蛋白表达水平。结果 与MHCC97H细胞相比,MH-SFC 的5-FU的IC_(50)增高。API优先抑制MH-SFC细胞存活力。API(10.0、40.0 μmol·L^(-1))预处理降低MH-SFC的5-FU的IC_(50)。与MHCC97H细胞相比,MH-SFC更低表达miR-34a-5p,同时,API上调miR-34a-5p表达。Anti-34a能消除API增强MH-SFC的5-FU敏感性和上调miR-34a-5p表达作用。此外,API(10.0、40.0 μmol·L^(-1))下调MH-SFC的FoxM1及c-Myc蛋白表达;Anti-34a能消除API下调FoxM1及c-Myc蛋白表达效应。结论 API增强MH-SFC的5-FU敏感性,其分子机制与上调miR-34a-5p表达,继而阻断FoxM1/c-Myc通路相关。

Antiproliferation and apoptosis induction of paeonol in HepG_2 cells

AIM： To investigate the antiproliferative effect of paeonol （Pae） used alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents [cisplatin （CDDP）, doxorubicin （DOX） and 5-fluorouracil （5-FU）] on human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and the possible mechanisms. METHODS： The cytotoxic effect of drugs on HepG2 cells was measured by 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl）-2, 5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide （MTT） assay. Morphologic changes were observed by acridine orange （AO） fuorescence staining. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry （FCM）. Drug-drug interactions were analyzed by the coefficient of drug RESULTS： Pae （7.81-250 mg/L） had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with the IC50 value of （104.77±7.28） mg/L. AO fluorescence staining and FCM assays showed that Pae induced apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at S phase in HepG2 cells. Further, different extent synergisms were observed when Pae （15.63, 31.25, 62.5 rag/L） was combined with CDDP （0.31-2.5 mg/L）, DOX （0.16-1.25 mg/L）, or 5-FU （12.5-100 mg/L） at appropriate concentrations. The IC50 value of the three drugs decreased dramatically when combined with Pae （P 〈 0.01）. Of the three different combinations, the sensitivity of cells to drugs was considerably different.CONCLUSION： Pae had a significant growth-inhibitory effect on the human hepatoma cell line HepG2, which may be related to apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. It also can enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents on HepG2 cells, and the S phase arrest induced by Pae may be one of the mechanisms of these interactions.

tRNA-ValAAC-5促进肝癌细胞增殖和迁移作用机制研究

目的:本研究论证肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)细胞中tRNA-ValAAC-5表达发挥作用及机制。方法:使用Real-time PCR法检测tRNA-ValAAC-5在人正常细胞肝癌细胞(THLE2,THLE3)和HCC细胞株(Hep3B,HuH7,SNU398,Hep3G2)和中的表达。Hep3B和Hep3G2细胞分别转染tRNA-ValAAC-5-inhibitor及对照tRNA-ValAAC-5-NC即为inhibitor组和NC组。两组细胞分别通过CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,Transwell小室实验检测细胞侵袭转移能力,Western blot法检测p21、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)的表达。结果:相较于THLE2、THLE3细胞,tRNA-ValAAC-5在Hep3B、HuH7、SNU398、Hep3G2细胞中相对表达量均有升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与tRNAValAAC-NC相比,转染tRNA-ValAAC-5-inhibitor的Hep3B、Hep3G2细胞tRNA-ValAAC-5表达均明显降低,两组差异有统计学意义(t=36.52、27.45,P<0.001),表示转染成功。与tRNA-ValAAC-5-NC相比,Hep3B、Hep3G2细胞转染tRNA-ValAAC-5-inhibitor后24、48、72、96 h增殖能力受到抑制,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.25、8.23、7.33、14.16,P<0.001)、(t=4.25、5.11、9.39、7.59,P<0.001)。转染tRNA-ValAAC-5-inhibitor组Hep3B、Hep3G2细胞侵袭转移减少,两组差异有统计学意义(t=14.01、21.85,P<0.001)。转染tRNA-ValAAC-5-inhibitor组Hep3B和Hep3G2细胞p21表达升高、MMP2和MMP9的表达量降低,差异均有统计学意义(t=8.96、12.80、4.652,P<0.01)、(t=15.17、22.36、12.61,P<0.01)。结论:tRNA-ValAAC-5能够有效促进肝癌增殖,侵袭和转移,其可能的作用机制与调控p21、MMP2和MMP9的表达有关。

IGF2BP3 Enhances the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumors by Regulating the Properties of Macrophages and CD8^(+)T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment

Background and Aims:Overexpression of IGF2BP3 is associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,its role in regulating tumor immune microenvironment(TME)is not well characterized.Here,we investigated the effects of IGF2BP3 on macrophages and CD8^(+)T cells within the TME of HCC.Methods:The relationship between IGF2BP3 and immune cell infiltration was analyzed using online bioinformatics tools.Knockout of IGF2BP3 in mouse hepatoma cell line Hepa1-6 was established using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.In vitro cell coculture and subcutaneously implanted hepatoma mice model were used to explore the effects of IGF2BP3 on immune cells.Expression of CCL50l transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)was detected with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The binding of IGF2BP3 and its target RNA was verified by trimolecular fluorescence complementation system and RNA immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative or semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results:IGF2BP3 expression was elevated in HCC and was positively correlated with macrophage infiltration.Patients with higher IGF2BP3 expression and lower macrophage infiltration had a better survival rate.We found that IGF2BP3 could bind to the mRNA of CCL5 or TGF-β1,increasing their expression,and inducing macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization while inhibiting the activation of CD8^(+)T cells.Furthermore,inhibition of IGF2BP3 combined with anti-CD47 antibody treatment significantly suppressed the growth of hepatoma in Hepa1-6 xenograft tu-mor mice.Conclusions:IGF2BP3 promoted the infiltration and M2-polarization of macrophages and suppressed CD8^(+)T activation by enhancing CCL5 and TGF-β1 expression,which facilitated the progression of Hepa1-6 xenograft tumor.

人肝癌BEL-7402/5-FU多药耐药细胞株的建立及其生物学特性观察

目的:建立人肝癌BEL-7402/5-FU多药耐药细胞株。方法:采用体外低浓度梯度递增联合大剂量间断冲击的诱导方法建立5-FU获得性BEL-7402/5-FU多药耐药细胞株。MTT法检测耐药细胞株对多种化疗药物的交叉耐药性。观察其细胞形态学、生长曲线、倍增时间、平板克隆形成率、贴壁率、细胞周期分布、染色体核型以及裸鼠致瘤性。流式细胞术检测阿霉素在亲本及耐药细胞株内的积聚量。免疫细胞化学法检测胸苷酸合酶在耐药细胞内的表达。结果:成功建立人肝癌BEL-7402/5-FU多药耐药细胞株模型。该耐药细胞对阿霉素、长春新碱、奥沙利铂及甲氨蝶呤均有不同程度的交叉耐药性,但对羟基喜树碱仍较敏感。体外培养见细胞趋向群集性生长。耐药细胞株倍增时间较亲本细胞株长,克隆形成率则较亲本细胞株低,差异有统计学意义。耐药细胞贴壁率在23、h明显低于亲本细胞株,其G0/G1期细胞分布比率较低而S期比率明显增加。阿霉素在耐药细胞株内的积聚量低于亲本细胞株,耐药细胞株胸苷酸合酶的蛋白表达量较亲本细胞株明显增强。结论:人肝癌BEL-7402/5-FU多药耐药细胞株可以成为研究5-FU获得性耐药机制及开展多药耐药逆转剂筛选较好的体外模型。

NVP-BEZ235诱导自噬在肝癌细胞凋亡中的作用研究

目的以Hep3B和PLC/PRF/5两种肝癌细胞为研究对象,探讨自噬在NVP-BEZ235中引起细胞凋亡的作用.方法人类肝癌细胞Hep3B和PLC/PRF/5在含有10%FBS的DMEM培养基中进行培养,然后再进行细胞活性检测,用于Western blotting检测及线粒体膜电位(MMP)分析.结果 NVP-BEZ235能够有效增加LC3-Ⅱ的表达,并同时降低p62的表达,由此推断,NVP-BEZ235也能够诱导产生自噬,与Atg5的siRNA或自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)联合应用时,肝癌细胞的生长被抑制.结论 NVP-BEZ235与Atg5的siRNA或者3-MA的联合应用能够促进细胞凋亡,NVP-BEZ235和自噬抑制剂的联合应用可为肝癌和其他恶性肿瘤临床治疗提供新的方法.

伊立替康及联合5-氟尿嘧啶、顺铂对人肝癌细胞株的细胞毒作用实验研究

[目的]探讨伊立替康(CPT-11)及联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、顺铂(DDP)对人肝癌细胞株的细胞毒性作用。[方法]利用MTT比色法检测CPT-11,5-FU,DDP 3种药物对人肝癌HepG2细胞株的抑制率,进一步测定3种药物单药及联合用药对细胞生长抑制的情况并进行比较。[结果]不同浓度CPT-11,5-FU,DDP作用细胞后,细胞生长受到不同程度的抑制,这一抑制作用随药物浓度的升高而增强(P<0.01),单药对肝癌细胞株抑制作用最强的为CPT-11,其次为DDP,5-FU(三药作用于相同起始浓度的肝癌细胞株48、72、96、120 h后细胞数量分别为4.70±0.25、12.71±0.23、20.30±1.59、24.20±2.31;6.50±0.81、16.25±0.72、24.60±0.65、31.30±2.31;9.50±0.06、17.75±0.19、30.00±0.41、38.40±1.01;单位为1×104个/孔,与对照组比较P<0.01)。联合用药时抑制作用最强的为CPT-11、DDP、5-FU联合用药组,后依次为CPT-11、DDP联合、CPT-11、5-FU联合、5-FU、DDP联合(四组药物作用于相同起始浓度的肝癌细胞株48、72、96、120 h后细胞数量分别为6.30±0.79、9.50±0.66、14.50±0.03、21.40±0.66;6.60±0.54、12.20±0.71、20.90±0.45、28.80±0.36;9.00±0.61、16.40±0.29、30.40±0.37、37.30±0.25;12.00±0.02、18.80±0.39、30.70±0.07、35.40±0.08;单位为1×104个/孔,与对照组比较P<0.01)。[结论]CPT-11对肝癌细胞株具有一定的细胞毒性作用,并强于目前肝癌临床常规用药5-FU、DDP,CPT-11可与DDP、5-FU联合应用于原发性肝癌的治疗。

Lin28对肝癌HepG2细胞5-Fu敏感性的影响及其分子机制

目的:探讨RNA结合蛋白Lin28对肝癌HepG2细胞5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)敏感性的影响及其机制。方法:应用pcDNA3.1-Lin28或si-Lin28转染HepG2细胞,采用q PCR及WB法检测转染后HepG2细胞Lin28的表达水平,CCK-8法检测5-Fu作用后转染细胞增殖活性变化并计算5-Fu对细胞作用的IC50,流式细胞术检测5-Fu处理后细胞凋亡情况、WB法检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达变化,qPCR法检测转染后耐药相关miRNA(let-7a和let-7b)及肿瘤干细胞标记物(Oct4、Nanog和Sox2)的mRNA表达水平。结果:与空载对照组(HepG2/Vector)相比,HepG2/Lin28组细胞中Lin28 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),过表达Lin28可显著抑制HepG2细胞对5-Fu作用的敏感性(IC50明显升高,P<0.05)和增强细胞增殖活性、使细胞凋亡率和凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3表达明显降低(均P<0.01)。与阴性对照组(si-control)相比,si-Lin28细胞中Lin28表达水平显著下降(P<0.01);敲减Lin28可使细胞增殖活性及5-Fu的IC50显著降低(均P<0.01),凋亡率及凋亡蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.01)。与HepG2/Vector组比较,HepG2/Lin28细胞中let-7a、let-7b及肿瘤干细胞标记物(Oct4、Nanog和Sox2)的表达水平明显上调(均P<0.01),而si-Lin28细胞中let-7a、let-7b及Oct4、Nanog、Sox2的表达水平较si-control组明显下调(均P<0.01)。结论:Lin28可通过调节miRNAs的表达及肿瘤干细胞的形成从而调节肝癌HepG2细胞对化疗的敏感性,靶向调节Lin28表达有望成为提高肝癌化疗疗效的手段。

信号识别颗粒14调控肝细胞癌进程并影响患者预后

目的:探究信号识别颗粒14(SRP14)在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达及功能。方法:利用生物信息学、定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)、免疫组织化学染色和蛋白质印迹法等明确SRP14在HCC中的表达;应用Kaplan-Meier法分析SRP14 mRNA表达变化与HCC患者的总生存期、无进展生存期及疾病特异性生存期的相关性;通过5-乙基-2′-94脱氧尿苷(EdU)染色、MTS实验、Transwell小室实验及细胞划痕实验等探索SRP14对HCC细胞增殖和迁移的作用;利用京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)和基因本体(GO)富集分析以及qRT-PCR初探SRP14在HCC中的作用机制。结果:在GSE14520数据集、TNMplot数据库和临床标本中,与配对癌旁组织、非配对癌旁组织或正常组织比较,HCC组织的SPR14 mRNA表达均有不同程度的升高(均P<0.05)。在临床标本中,与配对癌旁组织比较,HCC组织的SPR14蛋白表达上调(P<0.05)。SRP14表达上调的HCC患者具有更长的总生存期、无进展生存期及疾病特异性生存期(均P<0.05)。细胞实验结果显示,SRP14能抑制HCC细胞的体外增殖和迁移。KEGG和GO富集分析结果显示,在HCC中,与SRP14共表达的基因主要调控蛋白质合成、加工和运输等相关细胞活动或功能;在非酒精性脂肪性肝病相关HCC中,与SRP14共表达的基因主要调控MAPK、cAMP、PI3K-Akt、Wnt等多条信号传导通路。SRP14抑制HCC细胞中已知抑癌基因GPRC5A的mRNA表达(P<0.05)。结论:SRP14可能调控HCC进程并影响患者预后。

FXYD6过表达对肝细胞癌SMMC7721细胞5-Fu化疗敏感性的影响

目的观察FXYD离子转运调节因子6(FXYD6)过表达对肝细胞癌SMMC7721细胞5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)化疗敏感性的影响。方法将肝细胞癌SMMC7721细胞分为过表达组和对照组,分别转染pcDNA3.1/FXYD6和pcD-NA3.1/Vector真核质粒,培养48 h筛选SMMC7721抗性克隆。取两组转染后的抗性克隆细胞,分别加入终浓度为0、12.5、25、50、100μg/mL的5-Fu作用24、36、48 h,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率。取两组转染后的细胞,加入终浓度为25μg/L的5-Fu作用48 h,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。结果随着5-Fu浓度增加和作用时间延长,两组细胞增殖抑制率均呈升高趋势。5-Fu浓度为12.5μg/mL时,两组作用24、36、48 h的细胞增殖抑制率比较均无明显差异(P均>0.05);5-Fu浓度为25、50、100μg/mL时,过表达组作用24、36、48 h的细胞增殖抑制率均明显低于对照组同时间点(P均<0.01)。观察组细胞凋亡率为35.62%±3.98%,对照组为46.19%±6.60%,两组比较P<0.01。结论 FXYD6蛋白过表达可降低肝细胞癌SMMC7721细胞对5-Fu的化疗敏感性。

5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷对HepG2肝癌细胞生物学行为的影响

目的研究5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-CdR)对人肝癌细胞株HepG2生物学行为的影响及其机制。方法用浓度为50μmol/L的5-Aza-CdR处理HepG2细胞72 h后,流式细胞仪分析HepG2细胞周期的分布和凋亡的情况;transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力;RT-PCR检测肝癌中失活的抑癌基因SIAH1 mRNA表达量的变化。并与未经任何药物处理的正常HepG2细胞相比。结果与正常HepG2细胞相比,5-Aza-CdR处理后的HepG2细胞周期阻滞于S期(P<0.05),细胞早期凋亡率增加(P<0.05),且细胞体外侵袭力减弱(P<0.05),SIAH1基因的表达水平明显上调(P<0.05)。结论 5-Aza-CdR可能通过上调SIAH1的表达,调控细胞周期并诱导细胞凋亡,同时抑制HepG2细胞体外侵袭能力。