One hundred and five generic types of Pleosporales are described and illustrated.A brief introduction and detailed history with short notes on morphology,molecular phylogeny as well as a general conclusion of each gen...One hundred and five generic types of Pleosporales are described and illustrated.A brief introduction and detailed history with short notes on morphology,molecular phylogeny as well as a general conclusion of each genus are provided.For those genera where the type or a representative specimen is unavailable,a brief note is given.Altogether 174 genera of Pleosporales are treated.Phaeotrichaceae as well as Kriegeriella,Zeuctomorpha and Muroia are excluded from Pleosporales.Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis,the suborder Massarineae is emended to accommodate five families,viz.Lentitheciaceae,Massarinaceae,Montagnulaceae,Morosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae.展开更多
The family Testudinaceae and its intergeneric classification are poorly understood.This is due to overlap of morphological characteristics in genera and lack of DNA sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships.Th...The family Testudinaceae and its intergeneric classification are poorly understood.This is due to overlap of morphological characteristics in genera and lack of DNA sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships.The main objective of the present paper is to establish a novel genus,Muritestudina,based on distinct morphological characteristics and analyses of combined LSU,SSU,ITS,rpb2 and tef1 sequence data.We also fill the gap of our current knowledge on the phylogenetic position of Testudinaceae.Based on the morphological characteristics of species representing existing genera of Testudinaceae,we herein introduce a new genus,Muritestudina with M.chiangraiensis as the type species.The new genus is characterized by globose to subglobose,ostiolate ascomata;a peridium of brown to dark-brown cells of textura angularis;septate and cellular pseudoparaphyses;cylindric-clavate asci with a distinct pedicel;and hyaline,ellipsoidal and muriform ascospores.The new genus differs from the other genera in Testudinaceae in having hyaline,muriform ascospores.Combined analyses of ribosomal and protein coding gene sequence data confirmed that our new taxon belongs in Testudinaceae with a close relationship with Neotestudina rosatii.展开更多
Sexual morph of didymellaceous taxa are characterized by their ascomata with relatively thin peridium,cylindric-clavate to clavate,short-pedicellate or apedicellate asci,hyaline to brown,1-septate to muriform ascospor...Sexual morph of didymellaceous taxa are characterized by their ascomata with relatively thin peridium,cylindric-clavate to clavate,short-pedicellate or apedicellate asci,hyaline to brown,1-septate to muriform ascospores.Its asexual morphs are coelomycetous and comprising pycnidial or acervulus conidiomata,phialidic,hyaline conidiogenous cells and hyaline or pale brown,septate or aseptate conidia.The majority of these cosmopolitan species are plant associated fungi which can be pathogens on a wide range of hosts and some species are of particular relevance for quarantine measures.Recent studies have significantly improved the taxonomy and systematics of didymellaceous taxa based on molecular phylogenetics.In contrast to the accurate and detailed studies on the asexual morphs which are common obligate pathogens,information on their usually saprobic sexual morphs is still limited.Among these phenotypically diverse species,spore characteristics are quite unique as most have hyaline spores with 0-1 septum,while only Neomicrosphaeropsis and Didymellocamarosporium are reported as producing pigmented,muriform spores.These dematiaceous muriform spores are characteristic of a considerable number of species that may be quite divergent in other characters.During taxonomic investigations on the diversity of didymellaceous taxa,we have isolated species from Alhagi pseudalhagi,Coronilla emerus,Cytisus sp.,Elaeagnus angustifolia and Spartium junceum in Italy,Russia and Uzbekistan.A comprehensive phylogeny,based on four loci(ITS,LSU,rpb2 and tub2)is used to infer species relationships.Comprehensive morphological descriptions and in-depth phylogenetic investigations of five new species viz.Ascochyta coronillae-emeri,Microsphaeropsis spartii-juncei,Neomicrosphaeropsis alhagi-pseudalhagi,N.cytisicola and N.elaeagni are presented.展开更多
A study was undertaken to collect and identify saprobic fungi associated with Musa spp.(banana)from Taiwan(China),and Thailand.Samples were collected during the dry season and their morpho-molecular relationships were...A study was undertaken to collect and identify saprobic fungi associated with Musa spp.(banana)from Taiwan(China),and Thailand.Samples were collected during the dry season and their morpho-molecular relationships were investigated.Five brown pleosporalean hyphomycetous taxa in Periconiaceae and Torulaceae viz.Periconia cortaderiae,P.delonicis,Torula chromolaenae,T.fici,and T.masonii were identified for the first time from Musa spp.(Musaceae).Phylogenetic analyses of a combined SSU,LSU,ITS,RPB2 and TEF DNA sequence dataset further justified the taxonomic placements of these five taxa in the above mentioned families.Periconia delonicis is reported for the first time on a monocotyledonous host and T.masonii is the first geographical record from Taiwan(China).展开更多
Citrofortunella microcarpa locally known as“kalamansi”belongs to the family Rutaceae is one of the most important marketable fruit crops grown in the Philippines.Aside from being a fruit crop,the plant also houses v...Citrofortunella microcarpa locally known as“kalamansi”belongs to the family Rutaceae is one of the most important marketable fruit crops grown in the Philippines.Aside from being a fruit crop,the plant also houses various endophytic microorganisms which exhibit various symbiotic relationships.Thus,this study isolated fungal endophytes from C.microcarpa stem and leaves and were identified culturally and morphologically.The identities of the fungal species were confirmed using ITS1 and ITS4 sequences.The identified fungal endophytes were tested for their ability to produce fungal enzymes such as amylase,cellulase,laccase and protease.Totally 11 fungal endophytes were isolated from stem and leaves of C.microcarpa namely,Colletotrichum fructicola,Colletorichum gloeosporioides,Colletotrichum siamense,Fusarium oxysporum,Lasiodiplodia theobromae,Nigrospora oryzae,Nigrospora rubi,Nodulisporium indicum,Phomopsis azadirachtae,Phyllosticta capitalensis,and an unidentified species under the Order Pleosporales.All the identified endophytic fungal species showed production of amylase.For the cellulose assay,four species namely L.theobromae,N.oryzae,C.gloeosporioides,and the unidentified species had potential for cellulose degradation.Fusarium oxysporum and P.azadirachtae were found to be producers of laccase.Meanwhile,only the unidentified species showed extracellular protease activity.展开更多
Celtis occidentalis(American hackberry)is a deciduous tree widely distributed in northern America and introduced in many regions of Europe.In this study we collected Cucurbitaria celtidis from dead or dying twigs and ...Celtis occidentalis(American hackberry)is a deciduous tree widely distributed in northern America and introduced in many regions of Europe.In this study we collected Cucurbitaria celtidis from dead or dying twigs and branches of C.occidentalis(Cannabaceae)in the Rostov region(Southern European Russia),where this tree is a common ergasiophyte in artificial forests.The placement of this species in Camarosporium sensu stricto in Pleosporinae,Pleosporales is shown in a multi-locus tree based on combined LSU,SSU and ITS sequence data.Camarosporium uniseriatum nom.nov.is introduced based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses.展开更多
The current classification system for the recognition of taxonomic ranks among fungi,especially at highranking level,is subjective.With the development of molecular approaches and the availability of fossil calibratio...The current classification system for the recognition of taxonomic ranks among fungi,especially at highranking level,is subjective.With the development of molecular approaches and the availability of fossil calibration data,the use of divergence times as a universally standardized criterion for ranking taxa has now become possible.We can therefore date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods and establish the divergence times for the orders and families of Dothideomycetes.We chose Dothideomycetes,the largest class of the phylum Ascomycota,which contains 32 orders,to establish ages at which points orders have split;and Pleosporales,the largest order of Dothideomycetes with 55 families,to establish family divergence times.We have assembled a multi-gene data set(LSU,SSU,TEF1 and RPB2)from 391 taxa representing most family groups of Dothideomycetes and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes and a Bayesian approach to establish divergence times of Dothideomycetes lineages.Two separated datasets were analysed:(i)272 taxa representing 32 orders of Dothideomycetes were included for the order level analysis,and(ii)191 taxa representing 55 families of Pleosporales were included for the family level analysis.Our results indicate that divergence times(crown age)for most orders(20 out of 32,or 63%)are between 100 and 220 Mya,while divergence times for most families(39 out of 55,or 71%)are between 20 and 100 Mya.We believe that divergence times can provide additional evidence to support establishment of higher level taxa,such as families,orders and classes.Taking advantage of this added approach,we can strive towards establishing a standardized taxonomic system both within and outside Fungi.In this study we found that molecular dating coupled with phylogenetic inferences provides no support for the taxonomic status of two currently recognized orders,namely Bezerromycetales and Wiesneriomycetales and these are treated as synonyms of Tubeufiales while Asterotexiales is treated as a synonym of Asterinales.In addition,we provide an updated phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes previously published as the Families of Dothideomycetes in 2013 with a further ten orders and 35 families.展开更多
Fourty-three species of microfungi from bamboo are treated,including one new family,Occultibambusaceae,three new genera,Neoanthostomella,Occultibambusa and Seriascoma,27 new species,one renamed species and 15 redescri...Fourty-three species of microfungi from bamboo are treated,including one new family,Occultibambusaceae,three new genera,Neoanthostomella,Occultibambusa and Seriascoma,27 new species,one renamed species and 15 redescribed or re-illustrated species,and four designated reference specimens are treated in this paper,the majority of which are saprobic on dead culms.To determine species identification,separate phylogenetical analyses for each group are carried out,based on molecular data from this study and sequences downloaded from GenBank.Morphologically similar species and phylogenetically close taxa are compared and discussed.In addition a list of bambusicolous fungi published since Hyde and colleagues in 2002 is provided.展开更多
Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states com...Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens.They are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous fungi.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world.We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper.Each family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also characterized.Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and Strigulales.The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light.It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.展开更多
Astrosphaeriella sensu lato is a common genus occurring on bamboo,palms and stout grasses.Species of Astrosphaeriella have been collected from various countries in tropical,subtropical or temperate regions.In Asia,spe...Astrosphaeriella sensu lato is a common genus occurring on bamboo,palms and stout grasses.Species of Astrosphaeriella have been collected from various countries in tropical,subtropical or temperate regions.In Asia,species have been collected in Brunei,China,Indonesia,Japan,Philippines and Vietnam.There have been several morphological studies on Astrosphaeriella,but molecular work and phylogenetic analyses are generally lacking.Taxa included in Astrosphaeriella were characterized in three main groups 1)typical Astrosphaeriella species(sensu stricto)having carbonaceous,erumpent,conical ascostromata 2)atypical Astrosphaeriella species(sensu lato)having immersed,coriaceous ascostromata with short to long papilla and 3)lophiostoma-like species having immersed ascostromata with slit-like openings.Some of the latter Astrosphaeriella species,having slit-like openings,have been transferred to Fissuroma and Rimora in Aigialaceae.In this study five type specimens of Astrosphaeriella were loaned from herbaria worldwide and re-examined and are re-described and illustrated.Collections of Astrosphaeriella were also made in Thailand and morphologically examined.Pure cultures were obtained from single spores and used in molecular studies.The asexual morph was induced on sterile bamboo pieces placed on water agar.Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU,SSU and TEF1 sequence data of astrosphaeriella-like species using Bayesian,Maximum parsimony(MP)and Randomized Accelerated Maximum Likelihood(RAxML)analyses were carried out.Phylogenetic analyses show that species of Astrosphaeriella can be distinguished in at least three families.Species of Astrosphaeriella sensu stricto with erumpent,carbonaceous ascostromata,form a strongly supported clade with Pteridiospora species and a new family,Astrosphaeriellaceae,is introduced to accommodate these taxa.The genera are revised and Astrosphaeriella bambusae,A.neofusispora,A.neostellata,A.thailandica,A.thysanolaenae and Pteridiospora chiangraiensis are introduced as new species.Astrosphaeriella exorrhiza is reported on a dead stem of Thysanolaena maxima and is the first record for Thailand.Reference specimens for A.fusispora and A.tornata are designated to stabilize the taxonomy of Astrosphaeriella.The coelomycetous asexual morph of A.bambusae is reported and forms hyaline,globose to subglobose,aseptate conidia.Species of Astrosphaeriella sensu lato with immersed,coriaceous ascostromata,with short to long papilla and striate ascospores,form a sister clade with Tetraplosphaeriaceae.The genus Pseudoastrosphaeriella is introduced to accommodate some of these taxa with three new species and three new combinations,viz.P.aequatoriensis,P.africana,P.bambusae,P.longicolla,P.papillata and P.thailandensis.A new family Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae is introduced to accommodate this presently monotypic lineage comprising Pseudoastrosphaeriella.The asexual morph of P.thailandensis is described.Astrosphaeriella bakeriana forms a distinct clade basal to Aigialaceae.Astrosphaeriella bakeriana is excluded from Astrosphaeriella and a new genus Astrosphaeriellopsis,placed in Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis,is introduced to accommodate this taxon.Fissuroma aggregata(Aigialaceae)is re-visited and is shown to be a cryptic species.Three new species of Fissuroma and a new combination are introduced based on morphology and phylogeny viz.F.bambusae,F.fissuristoma,F.neoaggregata and F.thailandicum.The asexual morph of Fissuroma bambusae is also reported.展开更多
The genera Lophiostoma,Misturatosphaeria and several other allied taxa in Lophiostomataceae are revisited.Accounts of these taxa,including their history,morphology,and family placement,based on molecular phylogeny,are...The genera Lophiostoma,Misturatosphaeria and several other allied taxa in Lophiostomataceae are revisited.Accounts of these taxa,including their history,morphology,and family placement,based on molecular phylogeny,are provided.Type or representative specimens of Lophiostoma and Misturatosphaeria were examined and fresh specimens were obtained from Germany,Italy,Japan and Thailand.A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the lophiostomataceous genera Floricola,Lophiostoma,Misturatosphaeria and related taxa is provided.Sixteen genera including Lophiostoma,Lophiohelichrysum,Dimorphiopsis,Platystomum and Vaginatispora,plus eleven newly introduced genera Biappendiculispora,Alpestrisphaeria,Capulatispora,Coelodictyosporium,Guttulispora,Lophiopoacea,Neotrematosphaeria,Paucispora,Pseudolophiostoma,Pseudoplatystomum and Sigarispora are accepted in Lophiostomataceae based on morphology and phylogeny.Lophiostoma caulium,Lophiostoma arundinis and Lophiostoma caudatum are accommodated in Sigarispora.Lophiostoma winteri and Lophiostoma fuckelii are placed in the genera Lophiopoacea and Vaginatispora respectively.Three Curreya species and Misturatosphaeria claviformis are transferred to a new genus,Neocurreya.All other Misturatosphaeria species except Misturatosphaeria aurantiinotata and M.uniseptata are separated in the new genera Asymmetrispora,Aurantiascoma,Magnibotryascoma,Pseudoaurantiascoma and Pseudomisturatosphaeria based on their morphological and phylogenetic affinities.Another new genus,Ramusculicola is introduced for a new collection from Thailand.These seven new genera are accommodated in a new family Floricolaceae,together with Floricola and Misturatosphaeria.Several massarina-like species clustered as a sister clade to Amorosia littoralis and are accommodated in a new genus Angustimassarina.A new family Amorosiaceae is proposed to accommodate the genera Amorosia and Angustimassarina.The putatively named species Decaisnella formosa and Thyridaria macrostomoides form a separate clade together with a new genus Lignosphaeria which is placed in Dothideomycetes,genera incertae sedis.展开更多
Bipolaris species are important plant pathogens with a worldwide distribution in tropical and temperate environments.Species recognition in Bipolaris has been problematic due to a lack of molecular data from ex-type c...Bipolaris species are important plant pathogens with a worldwide distribution in tropical and temperate environments.Species recognition in Bipolaris has been problematic due to a lack of molecular data from ex-type cultures,the use of few gene regions for species resolution and overlapping morphological characters.In this study,we evaluate the efficiency of different DNA barcodes in species delimitation in Bipolaris by phylogenetic analyses,Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Objective Clustering.GAPDH is determined to be the best single marker for the genus.These approaches are used to clarify the taxonomic placement of all sequences currently named as Bipolaris in GenBank based on ITS and GAPDH gene sequence data.In checking various publications,we found that the majority of new host records of fungal species published in the Plant Disease journal from 2010 to 2019 were based on BLAST searches of the ITS sequences and up to 82%of those records could be erroneous.Therefore,relying on BLAST searches from GenBank to name species is not recommended.Editorial boards of journals and reviewers of new record papers should be aware of this problem.In naming Bipolaris species,whether new or known,it is recommended to perform phylogenetic analyses based on GAPDH using the correct taxon sampling for accurate results and the species relationship should have reliable statistical support.At least two new species are represented by molecular data in GenBank and we provide an updated taxonomic revision of Bipolaris.We accept 45 species in Bipolaris and notes are provided for all the species including hosts and geographic distribution.展开更多
Tamarix species are small trees that grow in various natural habitats and have a wide geographic distribution.Microfungal species previously found on Tamarix and recently collected in Italy and Russia were identified ...Tamarix species are small trees that grow in various natural habitats and have a wide geographic distribution.Microfungal species previously found on Tamarix and recently collected in Italy and Russia were identified based on morphological characters and analyses of gene sequence data.The sexual morph of the coelomycetous genus Homortomyces was collected for the first time and is described and illustrated.A new family,Homortomycetaceae(Dothideomycetes,families incertae sedis)is introduced to accommodate Homortomyces.Two new genera Neomicrosphaeropsis(Didymellaceae)and Tamaricicola(Pleosporaceae)are introduced in this paper.Phoma tamaricicola was recollected and is placed in Neomicrosphaeropsis based on morphology and molecular data.Ten new species,Cytospora italica,C.unilocularis,Diaporthe ravennica,Eutypella tamaricis,Neomicrosphaeropsis italica,N.novorossica,N.rossica,Keissleriella tamaricicola,Paracamarosporium tamaricis and Tamaricicola muriformis are introduced,while Alternaria tenuissima,Dothiorella sarmentorum,Neofusicoccum luteum,Paraepicoccum amazonense,Pleospora herbarum and Pseudocamarosporium propinquum are reported for the first time on Tamarix spp.with descriptions and illustrations.Multi-gene analyses show that Paraepicoccum amazonense should be placed in Pleosporineae,Pleosporales,where it is closely related to Camarosporium sensu stricto.Several herbarium specimens were studied to illustrate other fungal species recorded on Tamarix species.A comprehensive account of microfungi on Tamarix is provided,which includes a list with data from the literature,as well as those identified in the present study.The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on a modern taxonomic framework based on analysis of multi-gene sequence data.展开更多
The family Pleosporaceae includes numerous saprobic,opportunistic human,and plant pathogenic taxa.The classification of genera and species Pleosporaceae has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understand...The family Pleosporaceae includes numerous saprobic,opportunistic human,and plant pathogenic taxa.The classification of genera and species Pleosporaceae has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of the importance of the morphological characters used to distinguish taxa as well as the lack of reference strains.Recent treatments concluded that Pleospora and some other genera in Pleosporaceae are likely polyphyletic.In order to establish the evolutionary relationships and to resolve the polyphyletic nature of Pleospora and allied genera,we sequenced the 18S nrDNA,28S nrDNA,ITS,GAPDH,RPB2 and TEF1-alpha gene regions of Pleosporaceae species and phylogenetically analysed this data.Multigene phylogenies strongly support the monophyletic nature of Pleosporaceae among the other families in Pleosporales,and the acceptance of the genera Alternaria,Bipolaris,Clathrospora,Comoclathris,Curvularia,Dactuliophora,Decorospora,Diademosa,Exserohilum,Extrawettsteinina,Gibbago,Neocamarosporium,Paradendryphiella,Platysporoides,Pleospora,Porocercospora,Pseudoyuconia and Pyrenophora.Austropleospora,Dendryphion,Edenia and Macrospora are excluded from the family based on morphology coupled with molecular data.Two novel species,Alternaria murispora in this paper and Comoclathris sedi are introduced.The sexual morph of Alternaria alternata is re-described and illustrated using modern concepts from fresh collections.The paraphyletic nature of Pleospora is resolved based on the available morpho-molecular data,but further sampling with fresh collections,reference or ex-type strains and molecular data are needed to obtain a natural classification of genera and the family.展开更多
Phaeosphaeriaceae is a large and important family in the order Pleosporales which includes economically important plant pathogens.Species may also be endophytes or saprobes on plant hosts,especially on monocotyledons(...Phaeosphaeriaceae is a large and important family in the order Pleosporales which includes economically important plant pathogens.Species may also be endophytes or saprobes on plant hosts,especially on monocotyledons(e.g.,Cannaceae,Cyperaceae,Juncaceae,Poaceae);some species have also been reported on dicotyledons.The family previously accommodated 35 sexual and asexual genera and comprised more than 300 species with a range of morphological characters.The morphological characters of taxa in this family are often ambiguous and can be confused with other taxa in Leptosphaeriaceae and Montagnulaceae.Fourteen specimens of the type genera of Phaeosphaeriaceae were loaned from herbaria worldwide and were re-examined and illustrated.Fresh collections were obtained from Italy and Thailand,characterized,examined,isolated into pure culture and used to obtain molecular data.The asexual state was induced where possible on sterile bamboo pieces placed on water agar.Multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS,LSU,SSU,RPB2 and TEF1 sequence datasets were carried out using maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis.Molecular analyses shows that 21 genera(Amarenomyces,Ampelomyces,Chaetosphaeronema,Dematiopleospora,Entodesmium,Loratospora,Neosetophoma,Neostagonospora,Nodulosphaeria,Ophiobolus,Ophiosphaerella,Paraphoma,Parastagonospora,Phaeosphaeria,Phaeosphaeriopsis,Sclerostagonospora,Setomelanomma,Setophoma,Vrystaatia,Wojnowicia and Xenoseptoria)belong in Phaeosphaeriaceae,while seven genera(Amarenographium,Bricookea,Dothideopsella,Eudarluca,Phaeostagonospora,Scolecosporiella and Tiarospora)are included based on morphological data.Amarenomyces is reinstated and Nodulosphaeria is confirmed in Phaeosphaeriaceae.Eudarluca is distinguished from Sphaerellopsis based on its morphological characters and is typical of Phaeosphaeriaceae.ITS gene phylogenetic analys is indicates that Sphaerellopsis belongs to Leptosphaeriaceae.Ophiobolus species form a clade within Phaeosphaeriaceae while Ophiosphaerella is shown to be polyphyletic.Phaeosphaeria sensu stricto is redefined.Two new species of Phaeosphaeria and one of Phaeosphaeriopsis are introduced while the asexual states of Phaeosphaeria chiangraina and Phaeosphaeriopsis dracaenicola are reported.Scolicosporium minkeviciusii forms a sister clade with Neostagonospora and Parastagonospora in Phaeosphaeriaceae.However,Scolicosporium minkeviciusii is not the type species.Thus,the placement of Scolicosporium sensu stricto in Phaeosphaeriaceae is questionable.Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS and LSU genes,confirm the placement of Septoriella oudemansii in Phaeosphaeriaceae.However,it is not represented by the generic type,thus the placement of Septoriella is questionable.Setophaeosphaeria is excluded from Phaeosphariaceae as the type species,Sp.hemerocallidis forms a clade at the base of Cucurbitariaceae.Wilmia clusters in Didymosphaeriaceae and is synonymized under Letendraea.Barria,Chaetoplea,Hadrospora,Lautitia,Metameris,Mixtura and Pleoseptum are excluded from Phaeosphaeriaceae based on their morphological characters.The asexual genera Mycopappus and Xenostigmina are excluded from this family based on the phylogenetic evidence;these genera form a clade close to Melanommataceae.展开更多
The placement of the dothideomycetous family Teichosporaceae has been controversial.Recent phylogenetic investigations have used a taxonomic lumping approach with the Floricolaceae and its genera have been synonymized...The placement of the dothideomycetous family Teichosporaceae has been controversial.Recent phylogenetic investigations have used a taxonomic lumping approach with the Floricolaceae and its genera have been synonymized under the earlier fam-ily name,Teichosporaceae.Intergeneric relationships were therefore obscure and proper generic delimitation was needed in upcoming studies.We here taxonomically revised the family Teichosporaceae based on both morphological and phylogenetic evidence.Teichosporaceae species have immersed or semi-immersed,erumpent to superficial,ostiolate ascomata,cellular or trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,cylindrical to oblong or sub-clavate asci and ellipsoid to oblong or fusiform,cylindric-fusiform or oblong to elliptical,ovoid to clavate,symmetric or asymmetric,initially hyaline or pale brown to dark brown or yellowish brown,1-3-septate or muriform ascospores.Asexual morphs are coelomycetous.Type or representative speci-mens of Teichosporaceae were loaned and fresh specimens were collected from China and Thailand.Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a combined ITS,LSU,SSU,tef1-αand rpb2 dataset were performed to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of taxa and examine monophyly of newly proposed genera.One new species(Floricola festucae),one new host record(Ramusculicola thailandica)and four new combinations(Aurantiascoma nephelii,A.quercus,Magnibotryascoma acaciae,M.melanommoides)are introduced.The broad genus concept of Teichospora is dismissed based on morphological dissimilarities and the monophyletic status of the proposed genera.We accept Asymmetrispora,Aurantiascoma,Floricola,Magnibotryascoma,Misturatosphaeria,Pseudoaurantiascoma,Pseudomisturatosphaeria,Ramusculicola and Teichospora as distinct genera in the Teichosporaceae.All recognized genera are phenotypically characterized and phylogenetically well-supported.The phylogenetic placements of three genera(Chaetomastia,Loculohypoxylon and Sinodidymella),which do not have molecular data cannot be conclusively clarified at present,but are still placed in Teichosporaceae for future studies.展开更多
文摘One hundred and five generic types of Pleosporales are described and illustrated.A brief introduction and detailed history with short notes on morphology,molecular phylogeny as well as a general conclusion of each genus are provided.For those genera where the type or a representative specimen is unavailable,a brief note is given.Altogether 174 genera of Pleosporales are treated.Phaeotrichaceae as well as Kriegeriella,Zeuctomorpha and Muroia are excluded from Pleosporales.Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis,the suborder Massarineae is emended to accommodate five families,viz.Lentitheciaceae,Massarinaceae,Montagnulaceae,Morosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae.
基金the National Research Council of Thailand(Mae Fah Luang University)for grants“Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae”(Grant No.:592010200112).
文摘The family Testudinaceae and its intergeneric classification are poorly understood.This is due to overlap of morphological characteristics in genera and lack of DNA sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships.The main objective of the present paper is to establish a novel genus,Muritestudina,based on distinct morphological characteristics and analyses of combined LSU,SSU,ITS,rpb2 and tef1 sequence data.We also fill the gap of our current knowledge on the phylogenetic position of Testudinaceae.Based on the morphological characteristics of species representing existing genera of Testudinaceae,we herein introduce a new genus,Muritestudina with M.chiangraiensis as the type species.The new genus is characterized by globose to subglobose,ostiolate ascomata;a peridium of brown to dark-brown cells of textura angularis;septate and cellular pseudoparaphyses;cylindric-clavate asci with a distinct pedicel;and hyaline,ellipsoidal and muriform ascospores.The new genus differs from the other genera in Testudinaceae in having hyaline,muriform ascospores.Combined analyses of ribosomal and protein coding gene sequence data confirmed that our new taxon belongs in Testudinaceae with a close relationship with Neotestudina rosatii.
基金the Committee for Coordination Science and Technology Development under the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan for research support(#P3-2014-0830174425).
文摘Sexual morph of didymellaceous taxa are characterized by their ascomata with relatively thin peridium,cylindric-clavate to clavate,short-pedicellate or apedicellate asci,hyaline to brown,1-septate to muriform ascospores.Its asexual morphs are coelomycetous and comprising pycnidial or acervulus conidiomata,phialidic,hyaline conidiogenous cells and hyaline or pale brown,septate or aseptate conidia.The majority of these cosmopolitan species are plant associated fungi which can be pathogens on a wide range of hosts and some species are of particular relevance for quarantine measures.Recent studies have significantly improved the taxonomy and systematics of didymellaceous taxa based on molecular phylogenetics.In contrast to the accurate and detailed studies on the asexual morphs which are common obligate pathogens,information on their usually saprobic sexual morphs is still limited.Among these phenotypically diverse species,spore characteristics are quite unique as most have hyaline spores with 0-1 septum,while only Neomicrosphaeropsis and Didymellocamarosporium are reported as producing pigmented,muriform spores.These dematiaceous muriform spores are characteristic of a considerable number of species that may be quite divergent in other characters.During taxonomic investigations on the diversity of didymellaceous taxa,we have isolated species from Alhagi pseudalhagi,Coronilla emerus,Cytisus sp.,Elaeagnus angustifolia and Spartium junceum in Italy,Russia and Uzbekistan.A comprehensive phylogeny,based on four loci(ITS,LSU,rpb2 and tub2)is used to infer species relationships.Comprehensive morphological descriptions and in-depth phylogenetic investigations of five new species viz.Ascochyta coronillae-emeri,Microsphaeropsis spartii-juncei,Neomicrosphaeropsis alhagi-pseudalhagi,N.cytisicola and N.elaeagni are presented.
基金supported by Key Research Project“Agroforestry Systems for restoration and bio-industry technology development(grant no.2017YFC0505101)”.We also thank Biology Experimental Center,Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences for providing the facilities of molecular laboratory.Binu C.Samarakoon is grateful to Danushka Tennakoon for collecting the specimens from Taiwan(China),Dr.Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe and Junfu Li for the valuable comments and suggestions on the morphological studies of Periconia and Torula.Rungtiwa Phookamsak thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for young staff(grant no.Y9215811Q1)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31850410489(grant no.Y81I982211)+3 种基金Chiang Mai University for financial support.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)young staff under the grant number:2020FYC0002the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for funding this work under the project code 31851110759Jianchu Xu thanks Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.QYZDY-SSW-SMC014)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences for supporting this research.
文摘A study was undertaken to collect and identify saprobic fungi associated with Musa spp.(banana)from Taiwan(China),and Thailand.Samples were collected during the dry season and their morpho-molecular relationships were investigated.Five brown pleosporalean hyphomycetous taxa in Periconiaceae and Torulaceae viz.Periconia cortaderiae,P.delonicis,Torula chromolaenae,T.fici,and T.masonii were identified for the first time from Musa spp.(Musaceae).Phylogenetic analyses of a combined SSU,LSU,ITS,RPB2 and TEF DNA sequence dataset further justified the taxonomic placements of these five taxa in the above mentioned families.Periconia delonicis is reported for the first time on a monocotyledonous host and T.masonii is the first geographical record from Taiwan(China).
文摘Citrofortunella microcarpa locally known as“kalamansi”belongs to the family Rutaceae is one of the most important marketable fruit crops grown in the Philippines.Aside from being a fruit crop,the plant also houses various endophytic microorganisms which exhibit various symbiotic relationships.Thus,this study isolated fungal endophytes from C.microcarpa stem and leaves and were identified culturally and morphologically.The identities of the fungal species were confirmed using ITS1 and ITS4 sequences.The identified fungal endophytes were tested for their ability to produce fungal enzymes such as amylase,cellulase,laccase and protease.Totally 11 fungal endophytes were isolated from stem and leaves of C.microcarpa namely,Colletotrichum fructicola,Colletorichum gloeosporioides,Colletotrichum siamense,Fusarium oxysporum,Lasiodiplodia theobromae,Nigrospora oryzae,Nigrospora rubi,Nodulisporium indicum,Phomopsis azadirachtae,Phyllosticta capitalensis,and an unidentified species under the Order Pleosporales.All the identified endophytic fungal species showed production of amylase.For the cellulose assay,four species namely L.theobromae,N.oryzae,C.gloeosporioides,and the unidentified species had potential for cellulose degradation.Fusarium oxysporum and P.azadirachtae were found to be producers of laccase.Meanwhile,only the unidentified species showed extracellular protease activity.
文摘Celtis occidentalis(American hackberry)is a deciduous tree widely distributed in northern America and introduced in many regions of Europe.In this study we collected Cucurbitaria celtidis from dead or dying twigs and branches of C.occidentalis(Cannabaceae)in the Rostov region(Southern European Russia),where this tree is a common ergasiophyte in artificial forests.The placement of this species in Camarosporium sensu stricto in Pleosporinae,Pleosporales is shown in a multi-locus tree based on combined LSU,SSU and ITS sequence data.Camarosporium uniseriatum nom.nov.is introduced based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses.
基金This work was funded by grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31210103919,31600032,31360015)Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(LH[2015]7061)+6 种基金the Research of Featured Microbial Resources and Diversity Investigation in Southwest Karst area(Project No.2014FY120100.)Jian-Kui Liu thanks Dr.Bang Feng(Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,China)his valuable help with phylogenetic analysis.Dr.Rui-Lin Zhao and Dr.H.A.Ariyawansa are thanked for their valuable suggestions.Dr.Hong Luo is thanked for commenting the manuscript.K.D.Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project Number 2013T2S0030the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.K.D.Hyde also extends his appreciation to the Thailand Research Fund(TRF)Grant(RSA5980068)National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)for Grants(60201000201592010200112)Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI,FCT/UID/Multi/04046/2013).
文摘The current classification system for the recognition of taxonomic ranks among fungi,especially at highranking level,is subjective.With the development of molecular approaches and the availability of fossil calibration data,the use of divergence times as a universally standardized criterion for ranking taxa has now become possible.We can therefore date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods and establish the divergence times for the orders and families of Dothideomycetes.We chose Dothideomycetes,the largest class of the phylum Ascomycota,which contains 32 orders,to establish ages at which points orders have split;and Pleosporales,the largest order of Dothideomycetes with 55 families,to establish family divergence times.We have assembled a multi-gene data set(LSU,SSU,TEF1 and RPB2)from 391 taxa representing most family groups of Dothideomycetes and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes and a Bayesian approach to establish divergence times of Dothideomycetes lineages.Two separated datasets were analysed:(i)272 taxa representing 32 orders of Dothideomycetes were included for the order level analysis,and(ii)191 taxa representing 55 families of Pleosporales were included for the family level analysis.Our results indicate that divergence times(crown age)for most orders(20 out of 32,or 63%)are between 100 and 220 Mya,while divergence times for most families(39 out of 55,or 71%)are between 20 and 100 Mya.We believe that divergence times can provide additional evidence to support establishment of higher level taxa,such as families,orders and classes.Taking advantage of this added approach,we can strive towards establishing a standardized taxonomic system both within and outside Fungi.In this study we found that molecular dating coupled with phylogenetic inferences provides no support for the taxonomic status of two currently recognized orders,namely Bezerromycetales and Wiesneriomycetales and these are treated as synonyms of Tubeufiales while Asterotexiales is treated as a synonym of Asterinales.In addition,we provide an updated phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes previously published as the Families of Dothideomycetes in 2013 with a further ten orders and 35 families.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and plants on YunGui Plateau.Dong Qin Dai,Nalin N.Wijayawardene and Wen Jing Li thank to Mushroom Research Foundation(MRF),Chiang Rai Province,Thailand for providing Postgraduate Scholarships.Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai Province,Thailand is acknowledged for the financial support to Dong Qin Dai.Kevin D.Hyde is grateful to the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany,research grant from the Biodiversity Research and Training Program(BRT R253012)+5 种基金The Thailand Research Fund(BRG 5280002)We would like to thank Jun Bo Yang,Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Science,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,ChinaMolecular Biology Center in Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,for the help of molecular workRungtiwa Phookamsak expresses sincere appreciations to The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD/0090/2551)underThailand Research Fund for financial support.Dong Qin Dai is grateful to Alan J.L.PhillipsEric H.C.McKenzie for their valuable suggestions.
文摘Fourty-three species of microfungi from bamboo are treated,including one new family,Occultibambusaceae,three new genera,Neoanthostomella,Occultibambusa and Seriascoma,27 new species,one renamed species and 15 redescribed or re-illustrated species,and four designated reference specimens are treated in this paper,the majority of which are saprobic on dead culms.To determine species identification,separate phylogenetical analyses for each group are carried out,based on molecular data from this study and sequences downloaded from GenBank.Morphologically similar species and phylogenetically close taxa are compared and discussed.In addition a list of bambusicolous fungi published since Hyde and colleagues in 2002 is provided.
基金We also thank Siriporn Luesuwan for arranging the loan of specimens from various herbaria.A.Ariyawansa and J.C Kang are grateful to the International collaboration plan of Science and Technology at Guizhou Province(contract No.[2012]7006)the construction of innovation talent team of Science and Technology at Guizhou Province(contract No.[2012]4007)+19 种基金China.D.J.Bhat is thankful to MFU for a Visiting Professorship during the tenure of which this paper was finalized.D.L.Hawksworth contributed to this work while in receipt of support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(CGL2011-25003)Haixia Wu would like to thank the Grant for Essential Scientific Research of National Non-profit Institute to funds for research(No.CAFYBB2007002)thanks Xiaoming Chen,Ying Feng and Chen Hang(The Research Institute of Resource Insects,Chinese Academy of Forestry,China)for their valuable help.Jian-Kui Liu would like to thank Manfred Binder for providing valuable suggestions and kind assistance on phylogenetic analysisWe would like to thank MFU grant No.56101020032 for funding to study taxonomy and phylogeny of selected families of DothideomycetesJiye Yan and Xinghong Li would like to thank CARS-30 for funds.K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,25440199)for financial supportK.L.Pang would like to thank National Science Council of Taiwan for financial support(NSC101-2621-B-019-001-MY3).L.Muggia is grateful to the Austrian Science Foundation for financial support(FWF,P24114-B16 and Herta-Firnberg Project T481-B20)M.Doilom would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee(RGJ)Ph.D.Program grant No.Ph.D./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2MP Nelsen and R Lücking are grateful to the NSF(DEB 0715660“Neotropical Epiphytic Microlichens-An Innovative Inventory of a Highly Diverse yet Little Known Group of Symbiotic Organisms”DEB 0717476“Systematics of Dothideomycetes”)MP Nelsen also acknowledges a Brown Family Fellowship through the Field Museum,a William Harper Rainey Fellowship through the University of Chicago,and support through the Committee on Evolutionary Biology at the University of Chicago.R.Phookamsak would like to thank the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD/0090/2551)under the Thailand Research Fund for scholarship supportS.A.Alias would like to thank Program Rakan University Malaya(PRPUM)-Phylogeny,Taxonomy,Relationships and Biotechnological Potential of Sooty Moulds.S.Boonmee also thanks Amy Y.Rossman and the U.S.Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service,Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Lab(SMML)USA for laboratory,funding support and advice on her work.S.Boonmee and P.Chomnunti would like to thank TRF/BIOTEC program Biodiversity Research and Training Grant BRT R_251181,BRT R_253012the Mushroom Research Foundation,Chiang Rai Province for funding support.S.Wikee would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program agreement No PhD/0198/2552S.Wikee and JK Liu would like to thank The National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)for the award of grant No 55201020002 to study the genus Phyllosticta in ThailandS.Suetrong acknowledges the financial support by TRF/BIOTEC program Biodiversity Research and Training Grant BRT R_351004 and BRT R_325015 to study marine fungi of ThailandSuetrong also thanks Morakot Tanticharoen,Kanyawim Kirtikara and Lily Eurwilaichitr,BIOTEC,Bangkok for their continued interest and support.Supalak Yacharoen,J.Monkai and K.D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund(BRG5280002)for financial supportGareth Jones is supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Saudi Arabia.Y.Wang would like to thank The International Scientific Cooperated Project of Guizhou Province(No[2013]7004)Yongxiang Liu would like to thank the Guizhou Research Fund(QKHZYZ[2010]5031 and QNKYYZX[2012]010)for financial supportHarrie Sipman is thanked for comments on part of the manuscript.
文摘Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens.They are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous fungi.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world.We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper.Each family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also characterized.Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and Strigulales.The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light.It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.
文摘Astrosphaeriella sensu lato is a common genus occurring on bamboo,palms and stout grasses.Species of Astrosphaeriella have been collected from various countries in tropical,subtropical or temperate regions.In Asia,species have been collected in Brunei,China,Indonesia,Japan,Philippines and Vietnam.There have been several morphological studies on Astrosphaeriella,but molecular work and phylogenetic analyses are generally lacking.Taxa included in Astrosphaeriella were characterized in three main groups 1)typical Astrosphaeriella species(sensu stricto)having carbonaceous,erumpent,conical ascostromata 2)atypical Astrosphaeriella species(sensu lato)having immersed,coriaceous ascostromata with short to long papilla and 3)lophiostoma-like species having immersed ascostromata with slit-like openings.Some of the latter Astrosphaeriella species,having slit-like openings,have been transferred to Fissuroma and Rimora in Aigialaceae.In this study five type specimens of Astrosphaeriella were loaned from herbaria worldwide and re-examined and are re-described and illustrated.Collections of Astrosphaeriella were also made in Thailand and morphologically examined.Pure cultures were obtained from single spores and used in molecular studies.The asexual morph was induced on sterile bamboo pieces placed on water agar.Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU,SSU and TEF1 sequence data of astrosphaeriella-like species using Bayesian,Maximum parsimony(MP)and Randomized Accelerated Maximum Likelihood(RAxML)analyses were carried out.Phylogenetic analyses show that species of Astrosphaeriella can be distinguished in at least three families.Species of Astrosphaeriella sensu stricto with erumpent,carbonaceous ascostromata,form a strongly supported clade with Pteridiospora species and a new family,Astrosphaeriellaceae,is introduced to accommodate these taxa.The genera are revised and Astrosphaeriella bambusae,A.neofusispora,A.neostellata,A.thailandica,A.thysanolaenae and Pteridiospora chiangraiensis are introduced as new species.Astrosphaeriella exorrhiza is reported on a dead stem of Thysanolaena maxima and is the first record for Thailand.Reference specimens for A.fusispora and A.tornata are designated to stabilize the taxonomy of Astrosphaeriella.The coelomycetous asexual morph of A.bambusae is reported and forms hyaline,globose to subglobose,aseptate conidia.Species of Astrosphaeriella sensu lato with immersed,coriaceous ascostromata,with short to long papilla and striate ascospores,form a sister clade with Tetraplosphaeriaceae.The genus Pseudoastrosphaeriella is introduced to accommodate some of these taxa with three new species and three new combinations,viz.P.aequatoriensis,P.africana,P.bambusae,P.longicolla,P.papillata and P.thailandensis.A new family Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae is introduced to accommodate this presently monotypic lineage comprising Pseudoastrosphaeriella.The asexual morph of P.thailandensis is described.Astrosphaeriella bakeriana forms a distinct clade basal to Aigialaceae.Astrosphaeriella bakeriana is excluded from Astrosphaeriella and a new genus Astrosphaeriellopsis,placed in Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis,is introduced to accommodate this taxon.Fissuroma aggregata(Aigialaceae)is re-visited and is shown to be a cryptic species.Three new species of Fissuroma and a new combination are introduced based on morphology and phylogeny viz.F.bambusae,F.fissuristoma,F.neoaggregata and F.thailandicum.The asexual morph of Fissuroma bambusae is also reported.
基金Kevin D.Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.
文摘The genera Lophiostoma,Misturatosphaeria and several other allied taxa in Lophiostomataceae are revisited.Accounts of these taxa,including their history,morphology,and family placement,based on molecular phylogeny,are provided.Type or representative specimens of Lophiostoma and Misturatosphaeria were examined and fresh specimens were obtained from Germany,Italy,Japan and Thailand.A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the lophiostomataceous genera Floricola,Lophiostoma,Misturatosphaeria and related taxa is provided.Sixteen genera including Lophiostoma,Lophiohelichrysum,Dimorphiopsis,Platystomum and Vaginatispora,plus eleven newly introduced genera Biappendiculispora,Alpestrisphaeria,Capulatispora,Coelodictyosporium,Guttulispora,Lophiopoacea,Neotrematosphaeria,Paucispora,Pseudolophiostoma,Pseudoplatystomum and Sigarispora are accepted in Lophiostomataceae based on morphology and phylogeny.Lophiostoma caulium,Lophiostoma arundinis and Lophiostoma caudatum are accommodated in Sigarispora.Lophiostoma winteri and Lophiostoma fuckelii are placed in the genera Lophiopoacea and Vaginatispora respectively.Three Curreya species and Misturatosphaeria claviformis are transferred to a new genus,Neocurreya.All other Misturatosphaeria species except Misturatosphaeria aurantiinotata and M.uniseptata are separated in the new genera Asymmetrispora,Aurantiascoma,Magnibotryascoma,Pseudoaurantiascoma and Pseudomisturatosphaeria based on their morphological and phylogenetic affinities.Another new genus,Ramusculicola is introduced for a new collection from Thailand.These seven new genera are accommodated in a new family Floricolaceae,together with Floricola and Misturatosphaeria.Several massarina-like species clustered as a sister clade to Amorosia littoralis and are accommodated in a new genus Angustimassarina.A new family Amorosiaceae is proposed to accommodate the genera Amorosia and Angustimassarina.The putatively named species Decaisnella formosa and Thyridaria macrostomoides form a separate clade together with a new genus Lignosphaeria which is placed in Dothideomycetes,genera incertae sedis.
基金The authors would like to thank Yunnan Provincial Key Programs of Yunnan Eco-friendly Food International Cooperation Research Center Project under Grant 2019ZG00908KD Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund,grant RDG6130001 entitled“Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion”.
文摘Bipolaris species are important plant pathogens with a worldwide distribution in tropical and temperate environments.Species recognition in Bipolaris has been problematic due to a lack of molecular data from ex-type cultures,the use of few gene regions for species resolution and overlapping morphological characters.In this study,we evaluate the efficiency of different DNA barcodes in species delimitation in Bipolaris by phylogenetic analyses,Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Objective Clustering.GAPDH is determined to be the best single marker for the genus.These approaches are used to clarify the taxonomic placement of all sequences currently named as Bipolaris in GenBank based on ITS and GAPDH gene sequence data.In checking various publications,we found that the majority of new host records of fungal species published in the Plant Disease journal from 2010 to 2019 were based on BLAST searches of the ITS sequences and up to 82%of those records could be erroneous.Therefore,relying on BLAST searches from GenBank to name species is not recommended.Editorial boards of journals and reviewers of new record papers should be aware of this problem.In naming Bipolaris species,whether new or known,it is recommended to perform phylogenetic analyses based on GAPDH using the correct taxon sampling for accurate results and the species relationship should have reliable statistical support.At least two new species are represented by molecular data in GenBank and we provide an updated taxonomic revision of Bipolaris.We accept 45 species in Bipolaris and notes are provided for all the species including hosts and geographic distribution.
基金support and providing postgraduate scholarship support to Kasun M.Thambugala.Kevin D.Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences(project number 2013T2S0030)the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.The authors extend their sincere appreciations to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding this Prolific Research Group(PRG-1436-09)The authors would like to thank the featured microbial resources and diversity investigation in Southwest Karst area(2014FY120100)。
文摘Tamarix species are small trees that grow in various natural habitats and have a wide geographic distribution.Microfungal species previously found on Tamarix and recently collected in Italy and Russia were identified based on morphological characters and analyses of gene sequence data.The sexual morph of the coelomycetous genus Homortomyces was collected for the first time and is described and illustrated.A new family,Homortomycetaceae(Dothideomycetes,families incertae sedis)is introduced to accommodate Homortomyces.Two new genera Neomicrosphaeropsis(Didymellaceae)and Tamaricicola(Pleosporaceae)are introduced in this paper.Phoma tamaricicola was recollected and is placed in Neomicrosphaeropsis based on morphology and molecular data.Ten new species,Cytospora italica,C.unilocularis,Diaporthe ravennica,Eutypella tamaricis,Neomicrosphaeropsis italica,N.novorossica,N.rossica,Keissleriella tamaricicola,Paracamarosporium tamaricis and Tamaricicola muriformis are introduced,while Alternaria tenuissima,Dothiorella sarmentorum,Neofusicoccum luteum,Paraepicoccum amazonense,Pleospora herbarum and Pseudocamarosporium propinquum are reported for the first time on Tamarix spp.with descriptions and illustrations.Multi-gene analyses show that Paraepicoccum amazonense should be placed in Pleosporineae,Pleosporales,where it is closely related to Camarosporium sensu stricto.Several herbarium specimens were studied to illustrate other fungal species recorded on Tamarix species.A comprehensive account of microfungi on Tamarix is provided,which includes a list with data from the literature,as well as those identified in the present study.The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on a modern taxonomic framework based on analysis of multi-gene sequence data.
基金MFLU grant number 56101020032 is thanked for supporting studies on Dothideomycetes.We are grateful to the Mushroom Research Foundation,Chiang Rai,Thailand for supporting studies on Dothideomycetes.Kevin D.Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.Jian-Chu Xu and Peter E Mortimer would like to thank Humidtropics,a CGIAR Research Program that aims to develop new opportunities for improved livelihoods in a sustainable environment,for partially funding this work.H.A Ariyawansa and J.C.Kang are grateful to the agricultural science and technology foundation of Guizhou province(Nos.NY[2013]3042),the international collaboration plan of Guizhou province(No.G[2012]7006)and the innovation team construction for science and technology of Guizhou province(No.[2012]4007)from the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou province,China.Hiran Ariyawansa is grateful to A.D Ariyawansa,D.M.K Ariyawansa and Dhanuska Udayanga for their valuable suggestions.E.B.Gareth Jones is supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The family Pleosporaceae includes numerous saprobic,opportunistic human,and plant pathogenic taxa.The classification of genera and species Pleosporaceae has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of the importance of the morphological characters used to distinguish taxa as well as the lack of reference strains.Recent treatments concluded that Pleospora and some other genera in Pleosporaceae are likely polyphyletic.In order to establish the evolutionary relationships and to resolve the polyphyletic nature of Pleospora and allied genera,we sequenced the 18S nrDNA,28S nrDNA,ITS,GAPDH,RPB2 and TEF1-alpha gene regions of Pleosporaceae species and phylogenetically analysed this data.Multigene phylogenies strongly support the monophyletic nature of Pleosporaceae among the other families in Pleosporales,and the acceptance of the genera Alternaria,Bipolaris,Clathrospora,Comoclathris,Curvularia,Dactuliophora,Decorospora,Diademosa,Exserohilum,Extrawettsteinina,Gibbago,Neocamarosporium,Paradendryphiella,Platysporoides,Pleospora,Porocercospora,Pseudoyuconia and Pyrenophora.Austropleospora,Dendryphion,Edenia and Macrospora are excluded from the family based on morphology coupled with molecular data.Two novel species,Alternaria murispora in this paper and Comoclathris sedi are introduced.The sexual morph of Alternaria alternata is re-described and illustrated using modern concepts from fresh collections.The paraphyletic nature of Pleospora is resolved based on the available morpho-molecular data,but further sampling with fresh collections,reference or ex-type strains and molecular data are needed to obtain a natural classification of genera and the family.
基金The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD/0090/2551)under Thailand Research Fund,Humidtropics,a CGIAR Research Program that aims to develop new opportunities for improved livelihoods in a sustainable environmentMae Fah Luang University(grant for study Dothideomycetes No.56101020032)are gratefully thanked for partially funding this work.
文摘Phaeosphaeriaceae is a large and important family in the order Pleosporales which includes economically important plant pathogens.Species may also be endophytes or saprobes on plant hosts,especially on monocotyledons(e.g.,Cannaceae,Cyperaceae,Juncaceae,Poaceae);some species have also been reported on dicotyledons.The family previously accommodated 35 sexual and asexual genera and comprised more than 300 species with a range of morphological characters.The morphological characters of taxa in this family are often ambiguous and can be confused with other taxa in Leptosphaeriaceae and Montagnulaceae.Fourteen specimens of the type genera of Phaeosphaeriaceae were loaned from herbaria worldwide and were re-examined and illustrated.Fresh collections were obtained from Italy and Thailand,characterized,examined,isolated into pure culture and used to obtain molecular data.The asexual state was induced where possible on sterile bamboo pieces placed on water agar.Multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS,LSU,SSU,RPB2 and TEF1 sequence datasets were carried out using maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis.Molecular analyses shows that 21 genera(Amarenomyces,Ampelomyces,Chaetosphaeronema,Dematiopleospora,Entodesmium,Loratospora,Neosetophoma,Neostagonospora,Nodulosphaeria,Ophiobolus,Ophiosphaerella,Paraphoma,Parastagonospora,Phaeosphaeria,Phaeosphaeriopsis,Sclerostagonospora,Setomelanomma,Setophoma,Vrystaatia,Wojnowicia and Xenoseptoria)belong in Phaeosphaeriaceae,while seven genera(Amarenographium,Bricookea,Dothideopsella,Eudarluca,Phaeostagonospora,Scolecosporiella and Tiarospora)are included based on morphological data.Amarenomyces is reinstated and Nodulosphaeria is confirmed in Phaeosphaeriaceae.Eudarluca is distinguished from Sphaerellopsis based on its morphological characters and is typical of Phaeosphaeriaceae.ITS gene phylogenetic analys is indicates that Sphaerellopsis belongs to Leptosphaeriaceae.Ophiobolus species form a clade within Phaeosphaeriaceae while Ophiosphaerella is shown to be polyphyletic.Phaeosphaeria sensu stricto is redefined.Two new species of Phaeosphaeria and one of Phaeosphaeriopsis are introduced while the asexual states of Phaeosphaeria chiangraina and Phaeosphaeriopsis dracaenicola are reported.Scolicosporium minkeviciusii forms a sister clade with Neostagonospora and Parastagonospora in Phaeosphaeriaceae.However,Scolicosporium minkeviciusii is not the type species.Thus,the placement of Scolicosporium sensu stricto in Phaeosphaeriaceae is questionable.Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS and LSU genes,confirm the placement of Septoriella oudemansii in Phaeosphaeriaceae.However,it is not represented by the generic type,thus the placement of Septoriella is questionable.Setophaeosphaeria is excluded from Phaeosphariaceae as the type species,Sp.hemerocallidis forms a clade at the base of Cucurbitariaceae.Wilmia clusters in Didymosphaeriaceae and is synonymized under Letendraea.Barria,Chaetoplea,Hadrospora,Lautitia,Metameris,Mixtura and Pleoseptum are excluded from Phaeosphaeriaceae based on their morphological characters.The asexual genera Mycopappus and Xenostigmina are excluded from this family based on the phylogenetic evidence;these genera form a clade close to Melanommataceae.
文摘The placement of the dothideomycetous family Teichosporaceae has been controversial.Recent phylogenetic investigations have used a taxonomic lumping approach with the Floricolaceae and its genera have been synonymized under the earlier fam-ily name,Teichosporaceae.Intergeneric relationships were therefore obscure and proper generic delimitation was needed in upcoming studies.We here taxonomically revised the family Teichosporaceae based on both morphological and phylogenetic evidence.Teichosporaceae species have immersed or semi-immersed,erumpent to superficial,ostiolate ascomata,cellular or trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,cylindrical to oblong or sub-clavate asci and ellipsoid to oblong or fusiform,cylindric-fusiform or oblong to elliptical,ovoid to clavate,symmetric or asymmetric,initially hyaline or pale brown to dark brown or yellowish brown,1-3-septate or muriform ascospores.Asexual morphs are coelomycetous.Type or representative speci-mens of Teichosporaceae were loaned and fresh specimens were collected from China and Thailand.Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a combined ITS,LSU,SSU,tef1-αand rpb2 dataset were performed to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of taxa and examine monophyly of newly proposed genera.One new species(Floricola festucae),one new host record(Ramusculicola thailandica)and four new combinations(Aurantiascoma nephelii,A.quercus,Magnibotryascoma acaciae,M.melanommoides)are introduced.The broad genus concept of Teichospora is dismissed based on morphological dissimilarities and the monophyletic status of the proposed genera.We accept Asymmetrispora,Aurantiascoma,Floricola,Magnibotryascoma,Misturatosphaeria,Pseudoaurantiascoma,Pseudomisturatosphaeria,Ramusculicola and Teichospora as distinct genera in the Teichosporaceae.All recognized genera are phenotypically characterized and phylogenetically well-supported.The phylogenetic placements of three genera(Chaetomastia,Loculohypoxylon and Sinodidymella),which do not have molecular data cannot be conclusively clarified at present,but are still placed in Teichosporaceae for future studies.