Long-term monitoring and source apportionment of PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) in Beijing,China

During 2001-2006,PM2.5 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns) and PM10 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns) were collected at the Beijng Normal University (BNU) site,China,and in 2006,at a background site in Duolun (DL).The long-term monitoring data of elements,ions,and black carbon showed that the major constituents of PM2.5 were black carbon (BC) crustal elements,nitrates,ammonium salts,and sulfates.These five major components accounted for 20%-80% of...

Studies on Ecological Monitoring of Plant Community and Plant Diversity in Shenzhen, Southern China

From Jan. 2013 to Nov. 2018, we carried out the investigation on vegetation studies in the ecological monitoring programs, Shenzhen and totally researched 170 plant communities of mountain areas etc., few areas of street regions and parks etc., for communities’ structural characteristics and plant diversity. We comparatively analyzed natural forests, semi-natural forest and artificial forest composition and structural characters and family, genus and species diversity level and the main affected factors. We also researched and analyzed these communities’ structural characteristics and pant diversity, comparatively analyzed natural forests, semi-natural forest and artificial forest composition and structural characters and family, genus and species diversity level, the main affected factors;researched and analyzed the relationship between plant community structure characteristics with the absorbing ability to PM2.5 pollutants. The result showed that the structure and plant diversity of natural forest were obviously better than artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, the semi-natural forest was the middle level of the forests, In the indices of height, DBH, coverage and crow width etc. of tree layer, natural forests and semi-natural forests were obvious higher than that of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest;in some forests of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, though their richness indices of family and genus were a slightly higher, but this contribution was majorly due to herb layer plants, and some shrub layer plants. Analyzing three kinds of communities, the number of tree layer species of natural forest was the largest, and their every α-diversity index value was the highest;these characteristics values of semi-natural forest were second, artificial disturbed forests or artificial forests were the lowest;in shrub layer, and herb layer, few α-diversity indices of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest were a slightly higher than that of some natural forests, but the integral values of the diversity indices of natural forest and semi-natural forest were obviously higher than the former. The research showed that in the artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, because there have some little scale clearing areas, so some pioneer plant species could enter the community and formed a temporarily increase of species diversity, however, these species major were some shrub and herb plants;but tree layer possessed obviously more, even surpassed several ten times biomass than shrub and herb layers. Therefore, the respects of maintain ecosystem stability and other ecological efficient have major and dominated position and so on;and then this community can be natural recovery and succession, those forementioned new entire plants shall withdraw from the community and are replaced by the original plants of the community;but this process has already caused the ecological efficient loss and ecosystem unstable. Above research results are better evidence and theory reference to the argument problems on that are natural forest and natural restoration forest biodiversity higher? or is artificial forest biodiversity higher? and or is more artificial disturbed forest higher? Our researches showed that used random investigation method set quadrats, and combined typical investigation method, the structural indices in the all layer of community and all diversity indices of tree, shrub and herb layers and the integral values were similar, same or usually these indices in the community which set 600 m2, 800 m2 total quatrat area were higher (α-diversity) than that of more than 3000 m2, 4000 m2 or 7000 m2, even more than 17,000 m2 total quadrat area of communities. These lots of researches further proved that according to minimum area method for vegetation survey, in subtropical region, using random investigation method combined with typical investigation set 400 m2 or 400 m2 - 500 m2 total quad

简要分析利用M2M技术监测PM2.5

本文以ATMEGA128单片机芯片为核心,实现了一个实用、经济的PM2.5无线监测系统网络。此系统把传感器技术与单片机的控制技术、AD转换技术相结合,实现对空气颗粒浓度的采集。把模拟量转换成数字量,经过单片机的处理计算后,显示PM2.5值。

新型现代有轨电车内PM 2.5浓度实时监测系统设计

设计了一种新型的基于GPRS的现代有轨电车内PM 2.5浓度实时监测系统。系统包括车载硬件终端和中心平台,车载硬件终端实现对电车内PM 2.5浓度数据采集;中心平台以TCP协议的Socket通信为基础,采用Visual Basic软件设计,能实时显示和记录车内PM 2.5浓度的动态曲线以及历史数据。车载硬件终端与中心平台间采用GPRS网络模块SIM900A通信。该系统通过与车内空气净化器组合使用,可提高车内空气质量。

南充市大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)的监测及污染控制研究

针对南充市大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)的监测及其污染控制探讨问题。首先对PM_(2.5)的监测进行了介绍,在这里介绍了南充市污染气象的数据、南充市高坪区环境空气污染气象的数据和南充市三区环境空气的状况,然后探讨了南充市PM_(2.5)监测站网的建设,在这里同时探讨了国外PM_(2.5)监测站网概况和中国对PM_(2.5)监测站网的建设,最后对PM_(2.5)对环境产生的影响进行了总结,对南充市PM_(2.5)对大气层及气候环境产生的影响和PM_(2.5)进行了探讨。

Assessment of PM2.5 Distribution at Different Heights in Hanoi, Vietnam

Monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations frequently is essential for assessing air quality and informing pollution control strategies. This study examines the effect of height on PM2.5 distribution in Hanoi using EPA-standard methods at five rooftop locations on high-rise buildings. Results from Phase 1 (pre-pollution period) indicate a nearly 50% reduction in PM2.5 concentration, decreasing from 34.76 μg/m3 at 40 m to 13.95 μg/m3 at 336 m. In contrast, Phase 2 (pollution wave) showed relatively stable PM2.5 concentrations across heights, likely influenced by cold air masses and wind speed. MLR and MNLR analyses reveal the significant impact of meteorological factors and PM10 on PM2.5 levels, with the MNLR model accounting for 80% - 94% of the variance, outperforming the MLR model’s 50% - 80%. Employing UAVs, Lidar, and synchronized meteorological data is proposed as an advanced approach to enhance the accuracy of height-based dust concentration assessments.

城市房地产开发建设项目水土保持监测及指标研究

结合城市房地产项目建设现状,在分析新形势下城市房地产项目建设引发的生态环境和水土流失问题的基础上,提出了一套适用于城市房地产开发建设项目的水土保持监测指标体系。体系中有特色的提出了与城市房地产项目建设有关的表土剥离和利用、临时占地与永久占地比例、硬化地面控制率、雨洪利用率等指标,做到全面监测城市房地产项目建设中水土流失问题,监测结果也能很好的指导城市房地产项目的建设。

星地结合的细颗粒物超标防控区精确识别方法

为精确识别细颗粒物(PM 2.5)浓度超标的区域空间,依据卫星遥感与站点监测在PM 2.5浓度观测方面的特点,建立遥感反演数据与站点监测数据间的临界映射分析法,综合卫星遥感覆盖面广和站点监测准确性高的技术优势。通过该方法研究珠三角区域2013年灰霾污染过程的PM 2.5浓度超标区域,结果表明,利用星地结合的方法可以精确识别出PM 2.5浓度超标的区域空间;广州市西部和南部、佛山市大部、肇庆市主城区及东南部、东莞市西部和北部、中山市北部和中部、江门市主城区及东部是珠三角PM 2.5污染的高发地区,应作为防控重点。

南京市冬季PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子污染特征研究

基于城市超级站对2018年12月-2019年2月南京市在线水溶性离子污染特征进行研究。结果表明:监测期间水溶性无机离子(WSIs)质量浓度均值为45.7μg/m^(3),占PM_(2.5)的67.8%,各离子排序为NO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>NH^(+)_(4)>Cl^(-)>K^(+)>Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)。二次离子(SNA)是PM_(2.5)主要组分,大气气溶胶呈中性。各离子日变化存在差异,SNA变化趋势和WSIs基本一致。南京市冬季存在明显SO_(2)和NO_(2)向SO_(4)^(2-)和NO_(3)^(-)二次转化;NO_(3)^(-)/SO_(4)^(2-)均值为1.96,移动源增量大于固定源。通过相关性和三相聚类分析可知,SNA主要结合方式为(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)和NH_(4)NO_(3)。主成分分析表明,南京市冬季PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子主要来源是二次转化,燃煤、生物质燃烧和土壤建筑扬尘也有贡献。

Research Progress on PM＿(2.5) Pollution in China

For the status quo that haze weather continuously appeared in every area of China,and air quality sharply declined in recent years,we summarized research progress on PM2. 5in China,introduced the concept of PM2. 5,pointed out the adverse effects of PM2. 5on atmospheric environment and human health,and simply summarized monitoring method of PM2. 5. At present,China＇s researches about PM2. 5mainly concentrated in the impact on atmospheric environment,comparative analysis between PM2. 5and PM10,and analysis on various components of PM2. 5. Finally,we put forward some suggestions strengthening technique research and improving atmospheric environment in China.

Terahertz-dependent PM2.5 monitoring and grading in the atmosphere

Rapid industrialization and economic development have led to serious pollution in the form of fine particulate matter(PM2.5,particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm). In China, PM2.5 has been one of the most debated topics in councils of government and issues of public concern. Terahertz(THz) radiation was employed to measure the PM2.5 in the atmosphere from September 2014 to April 2015 in Beijing. Comparison of the PM2.5 level from the website with THz absorbance revealed a significant phenomenon: THz radiation can be used to monitor PM2.5 in the atmosphere. During Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) 2014, "APEC Blue" was also recorded in a THz system. The relationship between absorbance and PM2.5 demonstrates that THz radiation is an effective selection for air pollution grading. Based on the absorbance spectra, the elemental compositions were studied by two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2 DCOS) in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence.Several single absorption peaks were revealed and caused by sulphate from coal combustion, vehicle exhaust emissions and secondary reactions. Furthermore, mathematical algorithms, such as the BPANN and SVM, can process the THz absorbance data and greatly improve the precision of the estimation of PM2.5 mass. Our results suggest that THz spectroscopy can not only reveal the component information for pollution source determination, but quantitatively monitor the PM2.5 content for pollution level evaluation. Therefore, the use of THz radiation is a new method for future air pollution monitoring and grading systems.

Air Pollution in Major Chinese Cities: Some Progress, But Much More to Do

Background: Ambient (outdoor) air pollution has been implicated as a major cause of acute cardiovascular and pulmonary illnesses and increased risk for acute and chronic effects after chronic exposures, including mortality and morbidity. In 2008, due to persistent health concerns about its workforce and their dependents, the US Mission in China began monitoring air quality at the US Embassy in Beijing. Subsequently, monitoring stations were also established at US consulates at Shanghai (2011), Guangzhou (2011), Chengdu (2012), and Shenyang (2013). Objectives: To determine whether there have been definable trends in air quality in these five Chinese cities. Methods: Air monitoring results from each locale for accumulated PM2.5 particulate matter were calculated hourly. Accumulated data were organized, culled using a standardized set of heuristics, and analyzed for trends. Results: China’s capital city, Beijing, experienced decreased PM2.5 from 2013 through 2015, but no significant long-term downward trend from 2008 through 2015. Shanghai has not shown any definable air quality trend since 2012. Chengdu experienced some improvement in air quality since 2013, but none discernible from 2012 through 2015. Guangzhou had generally better air quality, and a downward trend since 2012. Shenyang experienced increasingly severe air pollution from 2013 through 2015. Conclusion: There appear to have been recent tangible, though modest, improvements in air quality in three large Chinese cities: Beijing, Chengdu, and Guangzhou, but no apparent progress in Shanghai, and a worrisome decline in air quality observed in Shenyang. Despite recent progress, there is a long way to go before even the cities which show improvement reach Chinese standards.

宜良县城环境空气中颗粒物污染趋势分析

基于2019年宜良县城空气质量自动监测数据,分析了环境空气中PM 10与PM 2.5污染变化趋势,探讨了空气质量污染的原因,进而为控制宜良县城PM 10与PM 2.5污染,改善空气质量提出合理化建议。

柴油发动机排放现状及远程在线监控探索

柴油发动机排放的NOX和PM2.5是空气污染的重要来源,管控柴油发动机的排放存在难点,需要多方合力。本文侧重从柴油发动机排放在线监管的角度,通过远程采集柴油发动机OBD数据、安装颗粒物传感器、物联网传输数据、平台排放大数据应用等措施,实现对柴油发动机排放的管控,进而减少其排放。

基于在线监测的南京市PM_(2.5)中金属元素污染特征及健康风险评估

为了探究南京市细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中金属元素的污染特征及健康风险,利用在线多金属分析仪采集并分析了2022年南京市PM_(2.5)中10种金属元素的质量浓度,利用正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型进行金属元素的来源解析,并采用健康风险评价方法对其中5种重金属元素进行健康危害评估。结果表明,10种金属元素总的年均质量浓度为941.3 ng/m^(3),占PM_(2.5)年均质量浓度的3.4%;其中,铁(Fe)、钾(K)、锌(Zn)3种金属年均质量浓度占比为91.2%。来源解析结果表明,污染物主要来源于土壤尘、燃煤、秸秆焚烧及烟花爆竹燃放、机动车尾气排放及机械磨损。健康风险评价结果表明,锰(Mn)、钒(V)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)4种重金属元素的危害商(HQ)均<1,均不存在非致癌风险;Ni、铅(Pb)的致癌风险(ECR)均<10^(-6),风险可控;As的致癌风险介于10^(-6)~10^(-4)之间,存在一定致癌风险。

工业锅炉引风机振动原因分析与处理方法

简述了35 t锅炉运行中引风机产生振动原因及发生异常振动时对设备危害,为了及时实施监控和分析,其相应措施是采用PMS设备巡检系统对引风机进行在线监测,取得良好的效果。

居室空气中PM2.5上PAHs的定量分析

以美国EPA方法为基础,对居民室内外空气中PM2.5上多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了测定.以GC/MS为检测手段,采用选择性离子检测技术(SIM)进行定性,内标法结合响应因子法进行定量.结果表明,PAHs的指示物回收率分别是(45.70±12.87)%(萘 D8),(70.12±9.17)%(二氢苊 D10),(79.26±7.4)%(菲 D10),(91.10±7.65)%( D12)和(102.63±8.85)%( D12),目标化合物的回收率为49.79%～107.68%,方法检测限为0.0109～0.1850ng.

基于智能手机的厨房环境监测系统的设计

针对市场产品对天燃气报警功能过于简单天燃气泄漏事故层出不穷的问题,本文设计实现了一个基于Arduino平台的多功能厨房环境安全监测系统.该系统以Arduino为控制核心,集成了CO浓度检测以及温度、湿度、PM2.5等多种参数传感器,并通过HC-05无线网络与智能手机APP相连接.系统中的LCD能实时显示采集到的厨房环境状态信息,通过HC-05连接的手机端也可实时同步上述参数值.当CO的浓度值超过设定的安全阈值时,蜂鸣器会及时发出报警提示,以此对煤气泄漏进行有效的监控.实验测试表明:该系统可对上述设计的厨房环境参数进行远程监控,用户能够简单、快速地搭建满足需求的应用系统,可为厨房环境安全监控系统的设计提供参考.

Spatial-temporal characteristics of PM_(2.5) in China:A city-level perspective analysis

Haze pollution has become a severe environmental problem in the daily life of the people in China. PM2.s makes a significant contribution to poor air quality. The spatio-temporal features of China＇s PM2.s concentrations should be investigated. This paper, based on ob- served data from 945 newly located monitoring sites in 2014 and industrial working population data obtained from International Standard Industrial Classification （ISIC）, reveals the spa- tio-temporal variations of PM2.5 concentrations in China and the correlations among different industries. We tested the spatial autocorrelation of PM2.5 concentrations in the cities of China with the spatial autocorrelation model. A correlation coefficient to examine the correlativity of PM2.5 concentrations and 23 characteristic variables for 190 cities in China in 2014, from which the most important ones were chosen, and then a regression model was built to further reveal the social and economic factors affecting PMg.g concentrations. Results： （1） The Hu Huanyong Line and the Yangtze River were the E-W divide and S-N divide between high and low values of China. （2） The PM2.5 concentrations shows great seasonal variation, which is high in autumn and winter but low in spring and summer. The monthly average shows a U-shaped pattern, and daily average presents a periodic and impulse-shaped change. （3） PM2.5 concentrations had a distinct characteristic of spatial agglomeration. The North China Plain was the predominant region of agglomeration, and the southeastern coastal area had stable good air quality.

Evaluation of health benefit using Ben MAP-CE with an integrated scheme of model and monitor data during Guangzhou Asian Games

Guangzhou is the capital and largest city（land area：7287 km2）of Guangdong province in South China.The air quality in Guangzhou typically worsens in November due to unfavorable meteorological conditions for pollutant dispersion.During the Guangzhou Asian Games in November 2010,the Guangzhou government carried out a number of emission control measures that significantly improved the air quality.In this paper,we estimated the acute health outcome changes related to the air quality improvement during the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games using a next-generation,fully-integrated assessment system for air quality and health benefits.This advanced system generates air quality data by fusing model and monitoring data instead of using monitoring data alone,which provides more reliable results.The air quality estimates retain the spatial distribution of model results while calibrating the value with observations.The results show that the mean PM2.5concentration in November 2010 decreased by 3.5μg/m^3 compared to that in 2009 due to the emission control measures.From the analysis,we estimate that the air quality improvement avoided 106 premature deaths,1869 cases of hospital admission,and 20,026 cases of outpatient visits.The overall cost benefit of the improved air quality is estimated to be 165 million CNY,with the avoided premature death contributing 90%of this figure.The research demonstrates that Ben MAP-CE is capable of assessing the health and cost benefits of air pollution control for sound policy making.