Objective To screen the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in human bronchial epithelial cells(HBE)treated with atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5).Methods HBE cells were treated with PM2.5 samples from She...Objective To screen the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in human bronchial epithelial cells(HBE)treated with atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5).Methods HBE cells were treated with PM2.5 samples from Shenzhen and Taiyuan for 24 h.To detect overall protein expression,the Q Exactive mass spectrometer was used.Gene ontology(GO),Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG),and Perseus software were used to screen DEPs.Results Overall,67 DEPs were screened in the Shenzhen sample-treated group,of which 46 were upregulated and 21 were downregulated.In total,252 DEPs were screened in the Taiyuan sampletreated group,of which 134 were upregulated and 118 were downregulated.KEGG analysis demonstrated that DEPs were mainly enriched in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and HIF-1 signal pathways in Shenzhen PM2.5 samples-treated group.The GO analysis demonstrated that Shenzhen sample-induced DEPs were mainly involved in the biological process for absorption of various metal ions and cell components.The Taiyuan PM2.5-induced DEPs were mainly involved in biological processes of protein aggregation regulation and molecular function of oxidase activity.Additionally,three important DEPs,including ANXA2,DIABLO,and AIMP1,were screened.Conclusion Our findings provide a valuable basis for further evaluation of PM2.5-associated carcinogenesis.展开更多
The extensive use of traditional cooking and heating stoves to meet domestic requirements creates a serious problem of indoor and outdoor air pollution.This study reports the impacts of two fuel feeding methods-front-...The extensive use of traditional cooking and heating stoves to meet domestic requirements creates a serious problem of indoor and outdoor air pollution.This study reports the impacts of two fuel feeding methods-front-loading and top-loading on the thermal and emissions performance of a modern coal-fired water-heating and cooking stove using a contextual test sequence that replicates typical patterns of domestic use.Known as a low-pressure boiler,when this stove was fueled with raw coal,the findings indicate that front-loading the fuel,which devolatilizes the new fuel gradually,produced consistently higher space heating efficiency and lower emission factors than top-loading the same stove,which devolatilizes new fuel all at once.Comparing the performance at both high and low power gave the similar results:front-loading with raw coal produced consistently better results than top-loading.The average water heating efficiency when front-loading was(58.6±2.3)%and(53.4±1.8)%for top-loading.Over the sixteen-hour test sequence,front-loading produced 22%lower emissions of PM2.5(3.9±0.6)mg/MJNET than top-loading(4.7±0.9)mg/MJNET.The same pattern was observed for carbon monoxide and the CO/CO2 ratio.CO was reduced from(5.0±0.4)g/MJNET to(4.1±0.5)g/MJNET.The combustion efficiency(CO/CO2 ratio)improved from(8.2±0.8)%to(6.6±0.6)%.Briquetted semi-coked coal briquettes are promoted as a raw coal substitute,and the tests were replicated using this fuel.Again,the same pattern of improved performance was observed.Front loading produced 3.5%higher heating efficiency,10%lower CO and a 0.9%lower CO/CO2 ratio.It is concluded that,compared with top loading,the manufacturers recommended front-loading refueling behavior delivered better thermal,emissions and combustion performance under all test conditions with those two fuels.展开更多
基金Supported by the basic research programs of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee to XU Xin Yun[JCYJ20170413101713324]Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund[SZXK067].
文摘Objective To screen the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in human bronchial epithelial cells(HBE)treated with atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5).Methods HBE cells were treated with PM2.5 samples from Shenzhen and Taiyuan for 24 h.To detect overall protein expression,the Q Exactive mass spectrometer was used.Gene ontology(GO),Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG),and Perseus software were used to screen DEPs.Results Overall,67 DEPs were screened in the Shenzhen sample-treated group,of which 46 were upregulated and 21 were downregulated.In total,252 DEPs were screened in the Taiyuan sampletreated group,of which 134 were upregulated and 118 were downregulated.KEGG analysis demonstrated that DEPs were mainly enriched in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and HIF-1 signal pathways in Shenzhen PM2.5 samples-treated group.The GO analysis demonstrated that Shenzhen sample-induced DEPs were mainly involved in the biological process for absorption of various metal ions and cell components.The Taiyuan PM2.5-induced DEPs were mainly involved in biological processes of protein aggregation regulation and molecular function of oxidase activity.Additionally,three important DEPs,including ANXA2,DIABLO,and AIMP1,were screened.Conclusion Our findings provide a valuable basis for further evaluation of PM2.5-associated carcinogenesis.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51806242)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(No.2019TC010)+3 种基金the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund-Special Project for"Double First-Class"Initiative of College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,"the Characteristics of Thermal and Mass Flow for Clean Space-heating of Rural Households using Biofuels"the Agricultural Product Quality Inspection Bureau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China,Agricultural Industry Standard Development Project-"Determination method of major atmospheric pollutants from rural household stoves"(No.181721301092371112)the bilateral China-South Africa MoST-NRF joint project“Development of Scientifically Robust and Culturally Appropriate Metrics and Protocols for Evaluating Clean(Combustion)Cooking Stoves”,sponsored by Ministry of Science and Technology,ChinaInvestigation on South-South Cooperation in Climate Change through Clean Stove Alliance,sponsored by Ministry of Ecology and Environment and Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21(No.0201835).
文摘The extensive use of traditional cooking and heating stoves to meet domestic requirements creates a serious problem of indoor and outdoor air pollution.This study reports the impacts of two fuel feeding methods-front-loading and top-loading on the thermal and emissions performance of a modern coal-fired water-heating and cooking stove using a contextual test sequence that replicates typical patterns of domestic use.Known as a low-pressure boiler,when this stove was fueled with raw coal,the findings indicate that front-loading the fuel,which devolatilizes the new fuel gradually,produced consistently higher space heating efficiency and lower emission factors than top-loading the same stove,which devolatilizes new fuel all at once.Comparing the performance at both high and low power gave the similar results:front-loading with raw coal produced consistently better results than top-loading.The average water heating efficiency when front-loading was(58.6±2.3)%and(53.4±1.8)%for top-loading.Over the sixteen-hour test sequence,front-loading produced 22%lower emissions of PM2.5(3.9±0.6)mg/MJNET than top-loading(4.7±0.9)mg/MJNET.The same pattern was observed for carbon monoxide and the CO/CO2 ratio.CO was reduced from(5.0±0.4)g/MJNET to(4.1±0.5)g/MJNET.The combustion efficiency(CO/CO2 ratio)improved from(8.2±0.8)%to(6.6±0.6)%.Briquetted semi-coked coal briquettes are promoted as a raw coal substitute,and the tests were replicated using this fuel.Again,the same pattern of improved performance was observed.Front loading produced 3.5%higher heating efficiency,10%lower CO and a 0.9%lower CO/CO2 ratio.It is concluded that,compared with top loading,the manufacturers recommended front-loading refueling behavior delivered better thermal,emissions and combustion performance under all test conditions with those two fuels.
