[Objective]The research aimed to understand the levels of indoor air particles of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in public places in Chaoyang District of Beijing City,which will provide scientific basis for making health standar...[Objective]The research aimed to understand the levels of indoor air particles of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in public places in Chaoyang District of Beijing City,which will provide scientific basis for making health standards and policies and regulations of indoor air particulate matter in public places.[Method]In order to characterize indoor air quality of public places,shopping mall near the walking street,shopping mall near arterial traffic,barbecue style restaurant and eat hutch unicom Chinese restaurant were selected for this study.LD-3Claser measuring dust detector and Sidepak AM-510 artificial intelligence anti-explosion dust detector were used to test the levels of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in the air of the shopping malls and restaurants.The number of smoking customers and if smelling the smoke were recorded simultaneously.[Result]The average densities of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in the shopping mall near the walking street were noticeably lower than that near arterial traffic(P< 0.05).The highest level of PM_(2.5)at the barbecue style restaurant and eating hutch unicom Chinese restaurants were 1 090and666g/m^3.The average levels of PM_(10) at the barbecue style restaurant and eating hutch unicom restaurants were 286 and 399g/m3(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The indoor PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)concentrations were high in public places,especially in shopping mall near arterial traffic and restaurant.It should be enhanced to supervise indoor air in public places and establish the risk rating of indoor air quality to protect public health.展开更多
Objective To investigate the seasonal characteristics and the sources of elements and ions with different sizes in the aerosols in Beijing. Methods Samples of particulate matters （PM2,5）, PM10, and total suspended p...Objective To investigate the seasonal characteristics and the sources of elements and ions with different sizes in the aerosols in Beijing. Methods Samples of particulate matters （PM2,5）, PM10, and total suspended particle （TSP） aerosols were collected simultaneously in Beijing from July 2001 to April 2003. The aerosol was chemically characterized by measuring 23 elements and 18 water-soluble ions by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES） and ion chromatography （IC）, respectively. Results The samples were divided into four categories： spring non-dust, spring dust, summer dust, and winter dust. TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 were most abundant in the spring dust, and the least in summer dust. The average mass ratios of PM〉10, PM2,5-10, and PM2.5 to TSP confirmed that in the spring dust both the large coarse （PM〉10） and fine particles （PM2.5） contributed significantly in summer PM2.5, PM2,5-10, and PM〉10 contributed similar fractions to TSP, and in winter much PM2.5. The seasonal variation characteristics of the elements and ions were used to divide them into four groups： crustal, pollutant, mixed, and secondary. The highest levels of crustal elements, such as AI, Fe, and Ca, were found in the dust season, the highest levels of pollutant elements and ions, such as As, F, and Cl^-, were observed in winter, and the highest levels of secondary ions （SO4^2-, NO3^-, and NH4^＋） were seen both in summer and in winter. The mixed group （Eu, Ni, and Cu） showed the characteristics of both crustal and pollutant elements. The mineral aerosol from outside Beijiug contributed more than that from the local part in all the reasons but summer, estimated using a newly developed element tracer technique.展开更多
This study aims to assess and compare levels of particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5)in urban and industrial areas in Malaysia during haze episodes,which typically occur in the south west monsoon season.The high concentr...This study aims to assess and compare levels of particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5)in urban and industrial areas in Malaysia during haze episodes,which typically occur in the south west monsoon season.The high concentrations of atmospheric particles are mainly due to pollution from neighbouring countries.Daily PM concentrations were analysed for urban and industrial areas including Alor Setar,Tasek,Shah Alam,Klang,Bandaraya Melaka,Larkin,Balok Baru,and Kuala Terengganu in 2018 and 2019.The analysis employed spatiotemporal to examine how PM levels were distributed.The data summary revealed that PM levels in all study areas were right-skewed,indicating the occurrence of high particulate events.Significant peaks in PM concentrations during haze events were consistently observed between June and October,encompassing the south west monsoon and inter-monsoon periods.The study on acute respiratory illnesses primarily focused on Selangor.Analysis revealed that Klang had the highest mean number of inpatient cases for acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma(AEBA)and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)with values of 260.500 and 185.170,respectively.Similarly,for outpatient cases of AEBA and AECOPD,Klang had the highest average values of 41.67 and 14.00,respectively.Shah Alam and Sungai Buloh did not show a significant increase in cases during periods of biomass burning.The statistical analysis concluded that higher concentrations of PM were associated with increased hospital admissions,particularly from June to September,as shown in the bar diagram.Haze episodes were associated with more healthcare utilization due to haze-related respiratory illnesses,seen in higher inpatient and outpatient visits(p<0.05).However,seasonal variability had minimal impact on healthcare utilization.These findings offer a comprehensive assessment of PM levels during historic haze episodes,providing valuable insights for authorities to develop policies and guidelines for effective monitoring and mitigation of the negative impacts of haze events.展开更多
文摘[Objective]The research aimed to understand the levels of indoor air particles of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in public places in Chaoyang District of Beijing City,which will provide scientific basis for making health standards and policies and regulations of indoor air particulate matter in public places.[Method]In order to characterize indoor air quality of public places,shopping mall near the walking street,shopping mall near arterial traffic,barbecue style restaurant and eat hutch unicom Chinese restaurant were selected for this study.LD-3Claser measuring dust detector and Sidepak AM-510 artificial intelligence anti-explosion dust detector were used to test the levels of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in the air of the shopping malls and restaurants.The number of smoking customers and if smelling the smoke were recorded simultaneously.[Result]The average densities of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in the shopping mall near the walking street were noticeably lower than that near arterial traffic(P< 0.05).The highest level of PM_(2.5)at the barbecue style restaurant and eating hutch unicom Chinese restaurants were 1 090and666g/m^3.The average levels of PM_(10) at the barbecue style restaurant and eating hutch unicom restaurants were 286 and 399g/m3(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The indoor PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)concentrations were high in public places,especially in shopping mall near arterial traffic and restaurant.It should be enhanced to supervise indoor air in public places and establish the risk rating of indoor air quality to protect public health.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 29837190, 30230310, 20077004, and 20477004),and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 8991002 and 8041003).
文摘Objective To investigate the seasonal characteristics and the sources of elements and ions with different sizes in the aerosols in Beijing. Methods Samples of particulate matters （PM2,5）, PM10, and total suspended particle （TSP） aerosols were collected simultaneously in Beijing from July 2001 to April 2003. The aerosol was chemically characterized by measuring 23 elements and 18 water-soluble ions by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES） and ion chromatography （IC）, respectively. Results The samples were divided into four categories： spring non-dust, spring dust, summer dust, and winter dust. TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 were most abundant in the spring dust, and the least in summer dust. The average mass ratios of PM〉10, PM2,5-10, and PM2.5 to TSP confirmed that in the spring dust both the large coarse （PM〉10） and fine particles （PM2.5） contributed significantly in summer PM2.5, PM2,5-10, and PM〉10 contributed similar fractions to TSP, and in winter much PM2.5. The seasonal variation characteristics of the elements and ions were used to divide them into four groups： crustal, pollutant, mixed, and secondary. The highest levels of crustal elements, such as AI, Fe, and Ca, were found in the dust season, the highest levels of pollutant elements and ions, such as As, F, and Cl^-, were observed in winter, and the highest levels of secondary ions （SO4^2-, NO3^-, and NH4^＋） were seen both in summer and in winter. The mixed group （Eu, Ni, and Cu） showed the characteristics of both crustal and pollutant elements. The mineral aerosol from outside Beijiug contributed more than that from the local part in all the reasons but summer, estimated using a newly developed element tracer technique.
文摘This study aims to assess and compare levels of particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5)in urban and industrial areas in Malaysia during haze episodes,which typically occur in the south west monsoon season.The high concentrations of atmospheric particles are mainly due to pollution from neighbouring countries.Daily PM concentrations were analysed for urban and industrial areas including Alor Setar,Tasek,Shah Alam,Klang,Bandaraya Melaka,Larkin,Balok Baru,and Kuala Terengganu in 2018 and 2019.The analysis employed spatiotemporal to examine how PM levels were distributed.The data summary revealed that PM levels in all study areas were right-skewed,indicating the occurrence of high particulate events.Significant peaks in PM concentrations during haze events were consistently observed between June and October,encompassing the south west monsoon and inter-monsoon periods.The study on acute respiratory illnesses primarily focused on Selangor.Analysis revealed that Klang had the highest mean number of inpatient cases for acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma(AEBA)and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)with values of 260.500 and 185.170,respectively.Similarly,for outpatient cases of AEBA and AECOPD,Klang had the highest average values of 41.67 and 14.00,respectively.Shah Alam and Sungai Buloh did not show a significant increase in cases during periods of biomass burning.The statistical analysis concluded that higher concentrations of PM were associated with increased hospital admissions,particularly from June to September,as shown in the bar diagram.Haze episodes were associated with more healthcare utilization due to haze-related respiratory illnesses,seen in higher inpatient and outpatient visits(p<0.05).However,seasonal variability had minimal impact on healthcare utilization.These findings offer a comprehensive assessment of PM levels during historic haze episodes,providing valuable insights for authorities to develop policies and guidelines for effective monitoring and mitigation of the negative impacts of haze events.
