Particulate matter （PMlo and PM2.5） concentrations were monitored during the November 2008 by using the filter samples collected day and night from three sites in Tanggu District at Tianjin Binhai New Area, China. T...Particulate matter （PMlo and PM2.5） concentrations were monitored during the November 2008 by using the filter samples collected day and night from three sites in Tanggu District at Tianjin Binhai New Area, China. The mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PMlo rank in the order of urban （150 ug/m3 for PM2.5 and 197 ug/m3 for PM10） 〉 industrial （32 ug/m3 for PM2.5 and 170 ug/m3 for PM10） 〉 suburb area （27 ug/m3 for PM2.5 and 59 ug/m3 for PM10）. Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were analyzed in PMlo and PM2.5 samples. Concentrations of total PAHs in PM2.5 and PMlo are in the range of 8.47- 113.94ng/m3 with average of 62.88ng/m3 and 21.07- 118.23 ng/m3 with average of 73.42 ng/m3, respectively. The light ring PAils （2-4 rings） are dominant in both PM2.5 and PMlo during sampling time compares with the heavy ring （5-6 rings） PAHs. The relationship of PAHs and PM2.5 （r = 0.689, p 〈 0.05） is stronger than PAHs and PMlo （r = 0.570, p 〈 0.05）, illustrating PAHs tend to adsorb in PM2.5. In addition, principal component analysis was applied to find the source of PAHs. Three principal factors representing three types of PAHs sources in Tanggu District are extracted, which were coke production, pyrogenic sources and vehicular source.展开更多
As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB3095-2012）, which set a stricter grade II PMI0 st...As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB3095-2012）, which set a stricter grade II PMI0 standard. A successful implementation of this standard will have an impact on human health through reduction of exposure to air pollution in the population. Using the methods of adjusted human capital and value of statistical life, the authors in this article estimate the economic impact of a successful implementation of the updated Ambient Air Quality Standard on human health in China. The key results are： 1） The human health benefits from reaching the updated standard for PM10 would equal CNY 51.1 billion using adjusted human capital, account- ing for 18.5% of total human health costs in China, and CNY 83.5 billion using the value of a statistical life; 2） the benefit of reaching the updated standard for PM10 is highest in the east coastal areas and gradually declines for more Western provinces; and 3） the marginal benefit of public health increases as the environmental quality standard PMl0 improves. If the annual concentration of PMlo were to be reduced from the target number in the original grade II standard to that in the updated standard, the mortality rate of long-term exposure would be reduced by 6.5% due to reduced chronic exposure. In addition, if the annual concentration were to be reduced further from updated grade II to grade I standard, the mortality rate for long-term exposure would be lowered by 32.8%.展开更多
文摘Particulate matter （PMlo and PM2.5） concentrations were monitored during the November 2008 by using the filter samples collected day and night from three sites in Tanggu District at Tianjin Binhai New Area, China. The mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PMlo rank in the order of urban （150 ug/m3 for PM2.5 and 197 ug/m3 for PM10） 〉 industrial （32 ug/m3 for PM2.5 and 170 ug/m3 for PM10） 〉 suburb area （27 ug/m3 for PM2.5 and 59 ug/m3 for PM10）. Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were analyzed in PMlo and PM2.5 samples. Concentrations of total PAHs in PM2.5 and PMlo are in the range of 8.47- 113.94ng/m3 with average of 62.88ng/m3 and 21.07- 118.23 ng/m3 with average of 73.42 ng/m3, respectively. The light ring PAils （2-4 rings） are dominant in both PM2.5 and PMlo during sampling time compares with the heavy ring （5-6 rings） PAHs. The relationship of PAHs and PM2.5 （r = 0.689, p 〈 0.05） is stronger than PAHs and PMlo （r = 0.570, p 〈 0.05）, illustrating PAHs tend to adsorb in PM2.5. In addition, principal component analysis was applied to find the source of PAHs. Three principal factors representing three types of PAHs sources in Tanggu District are extracted, which were coke production, pyrogenic sources and vehicular source.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No.41371533）, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection＇s Fiscal Program ＂Research on the Establishment of China Environmental Economics Measurement System＂ （No.1441100040）, and Public Utility Research Program of Ministry of Environmental Protection （No. 201309043）.
文摘As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB3095-2012）, which set a stricter grade II PMI0 standard. A successful implementation of this standard will have an impact on human health through reduction of exposure to air pollution in the population. Using the methods of adjusted human capital and value of statistical life, the authors in this article estimate the economic impact of a successful implementation of the updated Ambient Air Quality Standard on human health in China. The key results are： 1） The human health benefits from reaching the updated standard for PM10 would equal CNY 51.1 billion using adjusted human capital, account- ing for 18.5% of total human health costs in China, and CNY 83.5 billion using the value of a statistical life; 2） the benefit of reaching the updated standard for PM10 is highest in the east coastal areas and gradually declines for more Western provinces; and 3） the marginal benefit of public health increases as the environmental quality standard PMl0 improves. If the annual concentration of PMlo were to be reduced from the target number in the original grade II standard to that in the updated standard, the mortality rate of long-term exposure would be reduced by 6.5% due to reduced chronic exposure. In addition, if the annual concentration were to be reduced further from updated grade II to grade I standard, the mortality rate for long-term exposure would be lowered by 32.8%.
