Effects of electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) on inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of smokeinduced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVE： Improvement in lung function was reported after acupuncture treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Because an immune response imbalance could be seen in COPD, we hypothesize that electroacupuncture （EA） may play a role in regulating inflammatory cytokines and contribute to lung protection in a rat model of smoke-induced COPD. METHODS： A COPD model using male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cigarette smoke was established. The rats were randomly divided into four groups （control, sham, COPD, and COPD plus EA）, and COPD model was evaluated by measuring pulmonary pathological changes and lung function. EA was applied to the acupuncture point Zusanli （ST36） for 30 min/d for 14 d in sham and COPD rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was used to measure levels of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleukin-113 （IL-113）, and malonaldehyde （MDA）. RESULTS： Compared with the control rats, COPD rats had significant changes in lung resistance （R,） and lung compliance （C,） （both P〈0.01）, bronchi and bronchiole airway obstruction （P〈0.01）, and levels of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β（P〈0.01）. There were no significant differences between the control and the sham groups. Compared with the COPD rats, the COPD plus EA rats had decreased R, and increased CL （both P〈0.05）, and reduced bronchi and bronchiole airway obstruction （P〈0.05, P〈0.01, respectively）, while levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MDA in BALF were lowered （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. However, TNF-α and IL-1β levels of the EA group rats remained higher than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： EA at ST36 can reduce lung injury in a COPD rat model, and beneficial effects may be related to down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may prolong the clinical benefit of EA.

Electro-acupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36) to improve lower extremity motor function in sensory disturbance patients with cerebral stroke A randomized controlled study of 240 cases

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that sensory transduction is a way to introduce needle sensation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of electro-acupuncture at the ＂Zusanll＂ （ST 36） point on lower extremity motor function in various sensory disturbance patients with cerebral stroke. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, clinical study was performed at the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Centre from September 2006 to June 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Patients with first-time cerebral infarction or hemorrhage, or with a stroke history, but no neurodysfunction （single damage）, were selected for this study. The subjects were right-handed and disease state was stable. A total of 240 inpatients were randomly assigned to the following groups： electro-acupuncture （n = 124） and control （n = 116）. The two groups were further assigned into sub-groups： no sensory disturbance, superficial sensory disturbance, deep sensory disturbance, and deep and superficial sensory disturbance. METHODS： On the basis of routine limb function training, the acupoint Zusanliwas utilized in all patients from the electro-acupuncture group. Perpendicular acupuncture was 3.0-4.0 cm deep. An electric acupuncture instrument was connected when patients developed the needle sensation, deqi. A stimulation pattern consisting of distant and dense waves of 50 Hz was used to elicit slight dorsal foot extension. Acupuncture was administered 5 times per week, 30 minutes per session, for 6 weeks in total. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： FugI-Meyer assessment （FMA） was used to evaluate lower extremity motor function; Ver.1.0 gait analysis to estimate gait （step frequency, step speed, and step scope）; lower extremity Composite Spasticity Scale （CSS） to estimate muscle spastic degree. RESULTS： Following treatment, motor function improved in both groups. Compared with the control group, FMA score, step speed, step frequency, and step scope were increased in the electro-acupuncture group, but there was no difference in lower extremity CSS scores between the electro-acupuncture and the control groups （P 〉 0.05）. Compared with the control group, Zusanli （ST 36） electro-acupuncture improved motor function indices as follows： FMA score, step frequency, step speed, and step scope of patients with no sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05-0.01）, step frequency of patients with superficial sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05）, and step frequency and step speed of patients with deep sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Zusanfi （ST 36） electro-acupuncture effects on lower extremity motor function in stroke patients were improved with no muscle tone rise. Therefore, this form of treatment can be used in convalescent treatment, Moreover, effects were different according to various sensory disturbance types, which suggested that sensory input influenced acupuncture effects.

Effects of pre-moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) on heat shock protein 70 expression in rats with gastric mucosal lesions after neurotomy

Studies have shown that pre-moxibustion protects the gastric mucosa by up-regulating the expression of heat shock protein 70. However, the signaling pathway underlying this effect remains unclear. Rats were intragastrically administered absolute alcohol, causing obvious lesion of the gastric mucosa. Following pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi （ST36） for 8 days, the ulcer index decreased to different degrees. The results of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting showed significant upregulation of heat shock protein 70 expression in the gastric mucosa and serum. None out of transection of the spinal cord, damage to the nucleus of the solitary tract, neurotomy of the vagal nerve and neurotomy of the common peroneal nerve affected the decrease in ulcer index or the increase in heat shock protein 70 expression in serum after pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi, and heat shock protein 70 expression was obviously decreased in the gastric mucosa. These findings suggest that pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi can protect the gastric mucosa against lesioning, and that the mechanism underlying this effect involves its induction of heat shock protein 70 expression. Neural pathways participate in the regulatory effects of moxibustion on heat shock protein 70 expression in the gastric mucosa.

Moxibustion at ST36 activates peritoneal macrophages in CTX-induced immunosuppression in mouse model via IFN-γ

Background:To explored whether moxa cone moxibustion can reduce peritoneal inflammation by increasing the content of peritoneal macrophages and B cells via interferon-gamma.Methods:The mice were randomly divided into three groups with six mice in each group:the control group,model group,and moxibustion group,and the model was established in mice using cyclophosphamide.In the moxibustion group,the mice received moxa cone moxibustion at Zusanli(ST36)for 7 days.Analysis of Peritoneal cell were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence,the protein expression level in the peritoneal fluid were measured with mouse cytokine antibody arrays and verified by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test,and RNA-Sequencing was used for peritoneal cell RNA analysis.Results:Our results showed that moxa cone moxibustion could reduce the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells(P<0.05).With the cytokine array analysis and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test of peritoneal fluid,we found that IFN‐γwas up-regulated in moxibustion group(P<0.05).There were 169 genes were down-regulated in the model group and up-regulated in the moxibustion group while 19 genes that were up-regulated in the model group and down-regulated in the moxibustion group via RNA-sequencing.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of 188 intersect differentially expressed genes were found that the top 3 pathways with the highest enrichment of up-regulated genes included Hematopoietic cell lineage,Inflammatory bowel disease and Malaria.The differentially expressed genes visualization protein-protein interaction network shows the top 10 genes including Ifng,Grb2,CCR7,CTLA4,CXCR5,Foxp3,kit,PRF1,CD5 and klrg1.Conclusion:These findings showed that moxa cone moxibustion can alleviate chemotherapy-induced diarrhea by reducing the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells in the peritoneal cavity,possibly through up-regulating inflammatory bowel disease signaling pathway via interferon-gamma to regulate the survival and function of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MOXIBUSTION AT ZUSANLI(ST 36) AND LIANGMEN (ST 21) INDUCING HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 (HSP70) EXPRESSION TO RESIST OXIDATIVE INJURY OF GASTRIC MUCOSA

To observe effect of moxibustion at Zusanli （足三里 ST 36） and Liangmen （梁门 ST 21 ） on expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in gastric mucosa of the rat of stress ulcer （SU） to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in resisting oxidative injury of the gastric mucosa. Methods： Sixty SD rats were evenly randomized into 4 groups, a blank group, a model group, an acupoint moxibustion group and a non-acupoint moxibustion group. Water restraint stress （WRS） method was used to make stress gastric ulcer rat model. The ulcerative index （Ul） of gastric mucosa was evaluated by using GUTH method, the gastric mu- cosa blood flux （GMBF） was detected by a laser Doppler bloodflow monitor, and HSP70 expression and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in the gastric mucosa were determined respectively with immunohistochemical and thiobarbiturate methods. Results： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） significantly de- creased Ul, up-regulated HSP70 expression, increased GMBF, and decreased MDA content in the gastric mucosa in the rat of stress gastric ulcer, with significant differences as compared with the model group and the non-acupoint moxibustion group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） can induce high expression of HSP70 and decrease MDA content in the gastric mucosa, so as to resist oxidative injury, with relative acupoint specificity.

Comparison of protective effects of electroacupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36)on perinatal nicotine exposure-induced lung phenotype in rat offspring

Objective:To compare the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36)on the lung phenotype of rat offspring exposed to nicotine during the perinatal period.Methods:Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group(saline only),the model group(nicotine only),the EA group(nicotine+EA at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally),and the moxibustion group(nicotine+moxibustion at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally).n=6 rats per group.On postnatal day 21,the body weight,lung weight,and pulmonary function were determined and lung morphometry was performed.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma andβ-catenin levels in the lung tissue of offspring were also determined.Results:Perinatal nicotine exposure(PNE)results in decreased body and lung weights of offspring rats,abnormal lung tissue morphology,and significantly altered pulmonary function,showing an increase in total airway resistance and a decrease in tidal volume,minute ventilation,total airway compliance,and peak expiratory flow.Bilateral EA at ST 36 acupoints could block all of these perinatal nicotine-induced effects.Although moxibustion also had protective effects in nicotine-induced offspring lungs,some of these effects did not reach statistical significance,e.g.,protection against the upregulation ofβ-catenin,the downregulation of PPARγsignaling,and the increase in peak expiratory flow.Conclusion:Maternal EA at ST 36 blocked the PNE-induced changes in key developmental signaling pathways,prevented the PNE-induced changes in lung morphology,and protected pulmonary function.Moxibustion at ST 36 showed similar but weaker protective effects against the PNE-induced changes in the exposed offspring.It is important to note that the mechanism underlying the protective effects of moxibustion at ST 36 may be different from those of EA at ST 36,and further research is needed to understand these differences.

中药内服联合电针对行Halsted疝修补术的老年腹股沟嵌顿疝患者胃肠功能的影响

目的:观察中药内服联合电针对行Halsted疝修补术的老年腹股沟嵌顿疝患者胃肠功能的影响。方法:将64例行Halsted疝修补术的老年腹股沟嵌顿疝患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组32例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予中药内服联合电针足三里治疗。观察两组患者肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、胃肠减压时间及术后围手术期腹胀发生率等。结果:治疗组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、胃肠减压时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组腹胀发生率为18.75%,对照组腹胀发生率为53.13%,治疗组腹胀发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中药内服联合电针能够促进行Halsted疝修补术的老年腹股沟嵌顿疝患者胃肠功能及早恢复,降低腹胀发生率,减轻腹胀程度。

Adenosine triphosphate mediates the pain tolerance effect of manual acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) in mice

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanisms behind the effects of acupuncture in Traditional Chinese Medicine,we delved into the adenosine triphosphate/peripheral purinergic P2X receptor 3(ATP/P2X3)receptor signaling system as an indicator of the body's energy state,commonly referred to as"Qi".METHODS:The tail-flick test was utilized to explore the impact of acupuncture on pain tolerance threshold(PTT)in mice,while also assessing adenosine(ADO)levels and adenylate energy charge(EC)at Zusanli(ST36).The study further investigated the dose-dependent effects of acupuncture on PTT and ADO levels at Zusanli(ST36).To shed light on the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture's effects,the study examined the impact of ATP,a P2X3 receptor antagonist,and adenosine disodium on PTT following acupuncture administration.RESULTS:Acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36)led to significant improvements in PTT in mice,with the most effective interventions being twirling for 2 min and needle retention for 28 min.These interventions also resulted in significant increases in ATP levels.The effects of acupuncture were further augmented by administration of different doses of ATP at Zusanli(ST36),and pretreatment with a P2X3 receptor antagonist decreased PTT.Adenylate EC peaked at 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of ATP,and pretreatment with various doses of i.p.ATP 30 min prior to acupuncture increased PTT in a dose-dependent manner.Additionally,pretreatment with an i.p.or intramuscular injection of adenosine disodium enhanced the effects of acupuncture.CONCLUSION:This research provides compelling evidence that ATP is involved in the regulation of PTT through acupuncture,revealing new avenues for achieving enhanced clinical outcomes.

Effect of scar-producing moxibustion at the acupoints Zusanli(ST 36) and Feishu(BL 13) on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and quality of life in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: A randomized,controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of heat stimulation via scar-producing moxibustion at the acupoints Zusanli(ST 36) and Feishu(BL 13) on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and quality of life in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).METHODS: Seventy patients with NSCLC were randomly assigned into two groups: group A received scar-producing moxibustion at the acupoints Zusanli(ST 36) and Feishu(BL 13) every day for 6 weeks, while group B received no intervention(control group). Outcome measures were the NLR and the scores from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire(EORTC QLQ-C30). The NLR and the EORTC QLQ-C30 were assessed at baseline and at the end of 6 weeks.RESULTS: Five participants dropped out, leaving afinal total of 65 participants who completed the trial. Groups A and B had a similar mean NLR at baseline. After the treatment course, the NLR in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P <0.001). Compared with group B, the EORTC QLQ-C30 scores in group A were significantly greater in terms of global health status or quality of life(P < 0.001) and function(P < 0.05), and significantly lower in terms of symptoms(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that performing scar-producing moxibustion by heat-stimulating the acupoints Zusanli(ST 36) and Feishu(BL13) effectively decreases the NLR and improves the quality of life in patients with NSCLC.

Effect of dexamethasone injection into Zusanli(ST 36) acupoint on ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of acupunc ture with dexamethasone(A.Dex)on allergic rhini tis(AR)by injecting dexamethasone into the Zusan li(ST 36)acupoint.METHODS:Thirty 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were sensitized on days 1,5,and 14 by intraperitoneal injection of 100 pg of ovalbumin(OVA).The mice were then randomly divided into six groups(n =5 in each group).Five groups were sensitized intranasally with 2μL of 1.5 mg of OVA for 10 consecutive days,while one group was sensitized intranasally with PBS in a similar manner as a negative control group.One hour before each administration of intranasal OVA,two groups were orally administered either a control vehicle(distilled water;AR control group)or 200 pg/kg Dex(O.Dex group),while three groups received A.Dex at Zusanli(ST36)with Dex concentrations of 2,20,and 200μg/kg for each group,respectively.AR symptoms were evaluated by measuring the rubbing score,which comprised the number of nose,ear,and eye rubs that occurred in the initial 10 min after OVA intranasal provocation on the 10 th day.We isolated spleen,serum,and nasal mucosal tissue after measuring the rubbing score.Spleen weight was measured using an electronic microbalance.The levels of IgE,thymic stromal lymphopoietin,tumor necrosis factor-a,intercellular adhesion molecule-1,and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 in serum or nasal mucosal tissue were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.The serum histamine levels of OVA-sensitized AR mice were measured using O-phthaldialdehyde spectrofluorometry.Western blot analysis was performed on nasal mucosal tissue extracts.RESULTS:A.Dex significantly reduced the rubbing score,spleen weight,serum IgE,and serum histamine in OVA-sensitized mice.A.Dex significantly decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines(thymic stromal lymphopoietin and tumor necrosis factor-a)in OVA-sensitized mice.A.Dex significantly reduced the nasal mucosal levels of inflammatory markers(intercellular adhesion molecule-land macrophage-inflammatory protein-2)in AR mice.A.Dex effectively attenuated the expression of caspase-1 and receptorinteractingprotein-2 in nasal mucosal tissue.CONCLUSION:A.Dex may be a new and useful therapy for AR.

Effect of electroacupuncture at different acupoints in treating rapid gastric emptying:Zusanli(ST36)plus Zhongwan(CV12)versus Zhongwan(CV12)alone

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on rapid gastric emptying by comparing the effectiveness of electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12)(He-Mu acupoints)versus electroacupuncture at Zhongwan(CV12)alone.METHODS:Sixty-five patients were randomly divided into two groups;33 patients in the He-Mu acupoints group received electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12),while 32 patients in the single acupoint group received electroacupuncture only at Zhongwan(CV12).Both groups were treated once daily for 30 min,five times per week for 3 weeks.Before and after the 3-week treatment course,patients underwent gastric emptying scintigraphy and were assessed using the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)symptom scale of gastrointestinal diseases.The two groups were compared regarding the percentages of gastric retention at 30 and 60 min and the TCM symptom scores.RESULTS:After the treatment course,the percentages of gastric retention at 30 and 60 min were significantly improved in both groups compared with the pre-treatment values(P<0.01).The improvement in the gastric retention was significantly better in the He-Mu acupoints group than the single acupoint group at 30 min(P<0.01)and 60 min(P<0.05).The TCM symptom score was significantly decreased after the treatment course in both groups(P<0.01).The improvement in the TCM symptom score was significantly better in the He-Mu acupoints group than the single acupoint group(P<0.01).The total effective rate was 93.55%(29/31)in the He-Mu acupoints group and 77.42%(24/31)in the single acupoint group.The treatment effect was better in the He-Mu acupoints group than the single acupoint group(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12)or at Zhongwan(CV12)alone is effective in treating rapid gastric emptying.Furthermore,electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12)is more effective than electroacupuncture at Zhongwan(CV12)alone.

Long-term acupuncture treatment has a multitargeting regulation on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease：a positron emission tomography study

The acute effect of acupuncture on Alzheimer＇s disease,i.e.,on brain activation during treatment,has been reported.However,the effect of long-term acupuncture on brain activation in Alzheimer＇s disease is unclear.Therefore,in this study,we performed long-term needling at Zusanli（ST36）or a sham point（1.5 mm lateral to ST36）in a rat Alzheimer＇s disease model,for 30 minutes,once per day,for 30 days.The rats underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning.Positron emission tomography images were processed with SPM2.The brain areas activated after needling at ST36 included the left hippocampus,the left orbital cortex,the left infralimbic cortex,the left olfactory cortex,the left cerebellum and the left pons.In the sham-point group,the activated regions were similar to those in the ST36 group.However,the ST36 group showed greater activation in the cerebellum and pons than the sham-point group.These findings suggest that long-term acupuncture treatment has targeted regulatory effects on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease.

Research on the Relationship between Spinal Ways and the Effect of Point Zusanli (ST 36)

Objective： The integrity of the corresponding dorsal root is important in the research of the effects of acupuncture Zusanli （ST 36） on gastric smooth muscle. Investigate the communicate channels of central control on the effect of acupuncture Zusanli （ST 36）. Method： Selected 30 healthy adult SD rats and using veniua-glacial acid to made gastric mucosa ulcer model. Divided them into three groups, model group, cutting L4-S1 group and transecting T10-T11 group after the models have been made successfully, each group 10 rats. Implanted diameter in 0.2 mm Platinum Circle electrode into subserous of the ulcer place and recorded the myoelectricity activity of gastric smooth muscle before and after acupuncture Zusanli （ST 36）. Acupuncture parameters, 2-100 Hz, lasting 20 min. Results： Model group before acupuncture, （5.73±0.51） cycle per minitue （cpm）, （2.28±0.57） mV; model group after acupuncture, （5.34±0.34） cpm, （1.06 ± 0.13）. Group that before cutting dorsal L4-S1, （5.65±0.26） cpm, （1.66 ±0.15） mV; group that after cutting dorsal L4-S1, （5.40 ±0.23） cpm, （1.17 ±0.23）, group that after cutting dorsal L4-S1 and acupuncture, （5.26±0.18） cpm, （2.45±0.23）. Group that before transecting dorsal T10-T11 （5.69±0.36） cpm, （1.91 ±0.25） mV, group that after transecting dorsal T10-T11, （4.98±0.53） cpm, （1.05±0.18） mV, group that after transecting dorsal T10-T11 and acupuncture, （4.60 ±0.44） cpm, （2.52 ±0.38） mV. Conclusion： Acupunture Zusanli （ST 36） can inhibit the myoelectricity activity of gastric smooth muscle, cutting L4-S1 can strengthen the myoelectricity activity, but the effect of transect T10-T11 is better. So it can be said that the integrity of Dorsal root is important to the effect of acupuncture. The two-way regulation of Acupuncture has a close relationship with the higher centre above spinal cord.

皮内针刺激足三里对STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠损伤的影响

目的观察皮内针刺激足三里对STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠损伤的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠30只,分为A组(正常组)、B组(模型组)、C组(皮内针组),采用尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)结合高脂饲料建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,检测大鼠空腹血糖、血清中活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)及胰岛素(Insulin)水平。采用HE染色法观察各组大鼠胰岛组织的变化情况,采用PCR法检测p22phox、NOX4的mRNA水平。采用Western blot法检测各组大鼠氧化应激相关蛋白p22phox、NOX4的表达情况。结果结果显示,B组、C组与A组比较,ROS、MDA水平明显升高,而SOD及胰岛素水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组与B组比较,ROS、MDA水平降低(P<0.05),SOD及胰岛素水平明显升高(P<0.05)。HE染色结果显示,A组胰腺胰岛内细胞排列整齐,大小一致,分布均匀;B组胰岛内细胞分布稀疏,形状不规则,排列紊乱,可见空泡样变;C组胰岛内细胞结构明显改善。PCR结果显示,B组、C组p22phox、NOX2 mRNA含量与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组p22phox、NOX2 mRNA水平明显低于B组(P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示,B组、C组p22phox和NOX2蛋白含量与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组p22phox、NOX2蛋白含量比B组明显减少(P<0.05)。结论皮内针刺激足三里对STZ诱导的T2MD大鼠的损伤有改善作用,其作用机制是通过缓解机体的氧化应激起作用。

Application of Injection at Acupoint Zusanli （ST 36） in Hydrotubation

Two hundred and twenty patients in hydrotubation were divided into experiment group and control group, with 110 cases in each group. Injection of vitamin K1 at Zusanli（ST 36） was used in the patients of experiment group before the operation. The control was given nothing. The observation showed that the number of case with adverse effects was less in experiment group than that in control group, and the measures was also milder in comparison with control group. The cases of unobstructed oviducts in experiment group were 89, accounting for 89.9%, while the cases in control group were 63, accounting for 57.3%.

Electroacupuncture at Feishu(BL13) and Zusanli(ST36) down-regulates the expression of orexins and their receptors in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Inflammation and lung function decline are the main pathophysiological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Acupuncture can improve lung function in patients with COPD, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Orexins （OXs）, which are found in peripheral plasma, are neuropeptides that regulate respiration and their levels are related to COPD. Therefore, we hypothesized that acupuncture might alter OXs, reduce lung inflammation and improve lung function in COPD. METHODS： COPD was induced in rats by exposure to cigarette smoke for 8 weeks and injecting with lipopolysaccharide twice. Electroacupuncture （EA） was performed at Feishu （BL13） and Zusanli （ST36） for 30 min/d for 2 weeks. Rat lung function and morphology were assessed after EA. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-a） and intedeukin-1β （IL-16） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and orexin A and B levels in the lung tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OX receptor mRNA levels and immunopositive cells were assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical methods, respectively. The relationships among lung function, cell factors, and OX levels were analyzed by Pearson correlation analyses. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, lung function was significantly decreased in the rats with COPD （P〈0.05）. There were obvious increases in TNF-α and IL-1β levels in BALF （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）, orexin A level in lung tissue （P〈0.01; but not orexin B） and mRNA expressions of OX 1 type receptor （OXR1） and OX 2 type receptor （OXR2） in lung tissue （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）; the integrative optical densities （IODs） of both receptors were greater in the COPD group （P〈0.05）. For rats with COPD subjected to EA, lung function was improved （P〈0.05）. There were notable decreases in TNF-a and IL-1β levels （P〈0.05 and 〈0.01, respectively） in BALF. Orexin A, but not orexin B, levels in lung tissue also decreased （P〈0.01）, as did mRNA expression of OXlR and OX2R in lung tissue （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. Receptor IODs were also reduced after EA treatment （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, orexin A levels and ratio of forced expiratory volume in 0.3 s to forced vital capacity were strongly negatively correlated （P〈0.01）, and orexin A was positively correlated with TNF-α and IL-1β （P〈0.001 and P〈0.05, respectively）.CONCLUSION： EA at Zusanli and Feishu improved lung function of rats with COPD and had an anti-inflammatory effect, which may be related to down-regulation of OXA and its receptors.

针灸足三里穴位周围肌肉微循环的超声造影评估

目的探讨超声造影评价正常人足三里穴位针灸前后局部肌肉微循环情况的价值。资料与方法前瞻性收集2018年9月—2020年5月于福建医科大学附属第二医院超声科就诊的72例健康志愿者,分别于针灸前、针灸得气最强时、针灸后2h进行超声造影,观察胫前肌内微血管血流灌注情况,分析感兴趣区中的小动脉、肌肉组织和小静脉,获得时间-强度曲线和造影剂渡越时间(CTTs)。采用针灸者结合受灸者的客观评分标准评价针感。于针灸前、针灸得气最强时、针灸后2 h检测胃泌素、血浆促胃动力素、胆囊收缩素、胰泌素水平。结果①针灸得气最强时,胫前肌动脉-肌肉间、肌肉-静脉间、动脉-静脉间CTTs明显缩短,与针灸前及针灸后2h比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001),针灸前及针灸后2hCTTs差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②针灸得气最强时,志愿者血清内胃泌素、血浆促胃动力素、胆囊收缩素、胰泌素水平升高,与针灸前及针灸后2h比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001),针灸前及针灸后2h差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③针灸得气最强时,胃泌素、血浆促胃动力素、胆囊收缩素、胰泌素水平与胫前肌动脉-肌肉间、肌肉-静脉间、动脉-静脉间CTTs均呈正相关(r=0.360~0.702,P<0.001)。结论针刺足三里得气最强时,可造成骨骼肌周围微循环改变,导致CTTs明显缩短,同时也能促进胃肠道的分泌功能。

穴位注射联合贴敷治疗腹腔镜术后胃肠功能紊乱的疗效观察及对胃肠黏膜损伤的影响

目的观察穴位注射足三里穴联合腹部穴位贴敷治疗腹腔镜术后胃肠功能紊乱的临床疗效及对患者胃肠黏膜损伤修复作用和创伤应激、胃泌素调节及血清生长素释放肽(Ghrelin)和胃动素(motilin,MTL)的影响。方法将128例腹腔镜术后胃肠功能紊乱患者按随机数字表法分为联合组和西医组,每组64例。西医组予西医常规治疗,联合组在西医常规治疗基础上予穴位注射足三里穴联合腹部穴位贴敷治疗。比较两组肠鸣音恢复时间、首次进食时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间和临床疗效,观察两组治疗前后中医证候积分、血清MTL、Ghrelin、胃泌素(gastrin,GAS)、二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase,DAO)、D-乳酸(D-lactic acid,D-LA)、瓜氨酸、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、醛固酮和皮质醇水平的变化。结果联合组总有效率为96.9%,高于西医组的84.4%(P<0.05)。联合组治疗后肠鸣音恢复时间、首次进食时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间均较西医组短(P<0.05);联合组治疗后中医证候积分中疲乏无力、食欲不振、脘腹痞满、食物后痞满加重、大便溏稀和恶心呕吐的评分较西医组降低(P<0.05);联合组治疗后血清TNF-α、醛固酮、皮质醇、DAO、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ和D-LA水平低于西医组(P<0.05);联合组治疗后血清MTL、Ghrelin、GAS和瓜氨酸水平高于西医组(P<0.05)。结论在西医常规治疗基础上,穴位注射足三里穴联合腹部穴位贴敷治疗腹腔镜术后胃肠功能紊乱可减少患者创伤应激反应,改善胃动力,促进胃肠黏膜损伤修复,缓解患者临床症状,提高临床疗效。

Effect of moxa-burning heat stimulating Liangmen(ST 21) and Zusanli(ST 36) on proliferation and apoptosis signaling proteins in rats with stress-induced gastric ulcer

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxa-burning heat stimulating acupoints of Liangmen(ST 21)and Zusanli(ST 36) on the proliferation and apoptosis signaling proteins in rats with stress-induced gastric ulcer.METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups: negative control(NC), ulcer control(UC), acupoints of stomach meridian(ASM), and acupoints control(AC). The acute gastric ulcer model was established by bound and water immersion.Rats in NC and UC groups didn't receive any moxa-burning heat stimulating treatment, while rats in ASM and AC groups were treated with buringmoxa heat stimulating the acupoints of Liangmen(ST 21) and Zusanli(ST 36) and their controlled points, respectively. Rats in all groups were sacrificed after 12 consecutive days treatment. The ulcer index was evaluated by using Guth's method.The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), apoptotic protease activating facter-1(Apaf-1), Caspase-3, p21 activated kinase 1(PAK1),extracellular regulated protein kinases 2(ERK2),phosphorylated ERK2(p ERK2), phosphoinositide3-kinase(PI3K) and RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(Akt) in gastric mucosa was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS: Compared with UC group, the ulcer index of ASM and AC groups decreased, and the injured gastric mucosa was improved, the expression of TNF-α, Apaf-1 and Caspase-3 in gastric mucosa was significantly reduced(P < 0.05), while the ex-pression of PAK1, ERK2, p ERK2, PI3 K and Akt in gastric mucosa was significantly increased(P < 0.05).And ASM showed better effect than AC group(P <0.05).CONCLUSION: Moxa-burning Heat stimulating of Liangmen(ST 21) and Zusanli(ST 36) could promote the recovery of gastric mucosal lesion probably by inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation in stress-induced gastric ulcer.

Differences in thermal effects of moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4) on various facial areas in healthy people

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of temperature on different facial areas by suspended moxibustion at two points,Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),and probe the phenomena underlying self-regulation in the human body after thermal stimulation.METHODS:Thirty healthy volunteers accepted moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),and the order of moxibustion points was randomly determined.Moxibustion method:suspension of moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4) on both sides was performed using an ignited moxa stick stuck in a support for 20 min.Observation method:An infrared thermal image of the face was taken before and after suspended moxibustion using a CK350 medical infrared thermal imaging instrument.Data analysis:A thermal microscopic section view system(TMTSys) was used to analyze the change in temperature in special facial areas.Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 14.0 software.RESULTS:Before moxibustion was suspended,the facial thermal image showed a T-shaped thermal area related to the vascular distribution with even temperature and good symmetry on both sides.Suspended moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) have a very significant increase in temperature at the forehead,around the nose,at the corners of the mouth,and at the cheeks and lips(P<0.01).Suspended moxibustion over Hegu(LI 4) also have a significant(P<0.05) increase in temperature around the nose,the corners of the mouth,the cheeks,and lips,where has a new high temperature area was formed(P<0.01).Suspended moxibustion over Hegu(LI 4) raised the temperature at the middle point of the lips more obviously than did Zusanli(ST 36) in the same person,(P<0.05).After 10 min of moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),the change in temperature in the facial area reached its peak value.CONCLUSIONS:Facial infrared thermography of healthy people revealed a T-shaped thermal area reflecting a physiological thermal area.Moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) or Hegu(LI 4) raised the temperature in this facial T-shaped thermal area.Hegu(LI 4) led to the formation of a new thermal area in the lips.The time required for moxibustion to regulate human body temperature was 10 min.