The genus Rumex(Polygonaceae):an ethnobotanical,phytochemical and pharmacological review

Rumex L.,a genus in Polygonaceae family with about 200 species,is growing widely around the world.Some Rumex species,called"sorrel"or"dock",have been used as food application and treatment of skin diseases and hemostasis after trauma by the local people of its growing areas for centuries.To date,29 Rumex species have been studied to contain about 268 substances,including anthraquinones,flavonoids,naphthalenes,stilbenes,diterpene alkaloids,terpenes,lignans,and tannins.Crude extract of Rumex spp.and the pure isolates displayed various bioactivities,such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,cardiovascular protection and antiaging activities.Rumex species have important potential to become a clinical medicinal source in future.This review covers research articles from 1900 to 2022,fetched from SciFinder,Web of Science,ResearchGate,CNKI and Google Scholar,using“Rumex”as a search term("all fields")with no specific time frame set for the search.Thirty-five Rumex species were selected and summarized on their geographical distribution,edible parts,traditional uses,chemical research and pharmacological properties.

A New Ceramide (Rumexamide) and Other Chemical Constituents from <i>Rumex abyssinicus</i>Jacq (Polygonaceae): Isolation, Characterization, Antibacterial Activities and Chemophenetic Significance

The chemical study of Rumex abyssinicus Jacp (Polygonaceae) led to the isolation of a new ceramide named (R)-2'-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,16E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyhexacos-16-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide (rumexamide) (1) together with sixteen known compounds: bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (2), chrysophanol (3), physcion (4), citreorosein (5), emodin (6), chrysophanein (7), physcionin (8), lupeol (9), 3β,28-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (10), 3β-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (11), oleanolic acid (12), ergosta-6,22-diene-3,5,8-triol (13), stigmastane-3,6-dione (14), a mixture of β-sitosterol (15) and stigmasterol (16), and stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (17). Their structures were determined by interpretation of their spectroscopic 1D NMR (1H and 13C NMR), 2D NMR (COSY 1H-1H, HSQC and HMBC) data in conjunction with mass spectrometry (TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with those reported in the literature. Among all the known compounds, twelve (2, 5, 8-17) were firstly isolated from Rumex abyssinicus, seven (2, 10-14 and 17) from the genus Rumex and three (13, 14, 17) from family Polygonaceae. The in vitro antibacterial activities of extracts (MeOH, n-BuOH and EtOAc), as well as compounds 9, 11, 12, 15 + 16 and 17 against pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Shigella flexneri NR 518, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922), were performed using the broth microdilution method and the results show that, extracts were not active (MIC > 1000 μg/mL) while compounds were weakly or not active (MIC ≥ 500 μg/mL) against all bacteria strains. Furthermore, the chemophenetic relationships of the isolated compounds and their significances were discussed.

Tertiary montane origin of the Central Asian flora,evidence inferred from cpDNA sequences of Atraphaxis(Polygonaceae)

Atraphaxis has approximately 25 species and a distribution center in Central Asia. It has been previously used to hypothesize an origin from montane forest. We sampled 18 species covering three sections within the genus and sequenced five cpDNA spacers, atpB -rbcL, psbK -psbI, psbA -trnH, rbcL, and trnL -trnF. BEAST was used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationship and time divergences, and S-DIVA and Lagrange were used, based on distribution area and ecotype data, for reconstruction of ancestral areas and events. Our results appear compatible with designation of three taxonomic sections within the genus. The generic stem and crown ages were Eocene, approximately 47 Ma, and Oligocene 27 Ma,respectively. The origin of Atraphaxis is confirmed as montane,with an ancestral area consisting of the Junggar Basin and uplands of the Pamir-Tianshan-Alatau-Altai mountain chains,and ancestral ecotype of montane forest. Two remarkable paleogeographic events, shrinkage of the inland Paratethys Sea at the boundary of the late Oligocene and early Miocene, and the time intervals of cooling and drying of global climate from24（22） Ma onward likely facilitated early diversification of Atraphaxis, while rapid uplift of the Tianshan Mountains during the late Miocene may have promoted later diversification.

苦荞轮作高效栽培方式研究

苦荞（Tartary Buckwheat）属于蓼科（Polygonaceae）荞麦属（Fagypyrum gaerth）自花授粉类的双子叶植物。苦荞中含有较高的生物类黄酮,被国际上称为未被开发利用的具有很高价值的新型作物[1]。据史料记载,苦荞具有奇特的药用功效,是人体五脏六腹的清补工[2]。

大黄的生药学研究

大黄作为泻下药和健胃药而闻名于世界,是中国特产的重要生药,其原植物为蓼科(Polygonaceae)的数种大黄属(Rheum)植物。《中国药典》规定的正品大黄为掌叶大黄(Rheum Palmatum),唐古特大黄(R.tanguticum)和药用大黄(R.officinale)的根茎和根。这三种大黄仅根据外形很难鉴别,目前临床上不加区分地使用。另外,市场上还有被称为非正品大黄的商品出现,它们来源于藏边大黄(R.emodi),华北大黄(R.franzenbachii),河套大黄(R.hotaoense)等。目前在中国国内,非正品大黄有时混入正品大黄。

正交试验法优选中药大黄根挥发油提取工艺的研究

大黄（Rheum palmatum L.）是多种蓼科（Polygonaceae）大黄属的多年生植物的合称,也是中药材的名称[1]。在中国地区的文献里,“大黄”指的往往是马蹄大黄[2]。在中国,大黄主要作药用,但在欧洲及中东,大黄往往指另外几个作食用的大黄属品种,茎呈红色,气清香,味苦而微涩,嚼之粘牙,有砂粒感。秋末茎叶枯萎或次春发芽前采挖,除去细根,

A recent review on phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum(Polygonum minus Huds.)

Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in control of various diseases.Polygonum minus(Polygonaceae)locally known as kesuni is an aromatic plant commonly used in Malay delicacies.The plant is having potential applications due to its high volatile oil constituents in perfumes and powerful antioxidant activity.It has been used traditionally to treat various ailments including dandruff.The research has been carried out by various researchers using different in vitro and in vivo models for biological evaluations to support these claims.This review paper may help upcoming research activities on Polygonum minus by giving up to date information on the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum to a possible extent with relevant data.

何首乌超微粉对动物疾病的防治探讨

何首乌属蓼科（Polygonaceae）植物（Polygonum multiflorum Thunb）,野生分布广,适宜栽培。古＂治赤白[癜]风,疮疥顽癣,皮肤瘙痒。截疟,治痰疟疾＂。现代医学研究表明何首乌主要含二苯乙烯类化合物、蒽醌类化合物、磷脂类以及其他类。二苯烯成分对过氧化脂质和单胺氧化酶（MAO）含量上升、血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）与谷草转氨酶（AST）升高等有对抗作用,

New seco-anthraquinone glucoside from the roots of Rumex crispus

A new seco-anthraquinone,crispuside A(1),and three new 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones,napthalenones A-C(2-4),were isolated from the roots of Rumex crispus L.,along with 10 known anthraquinones(6-14)and naph-thalenone(5).Their structures were fully determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses,including ECD,and X-ray crystallography in case of compound 5,whose absolute configuration was determined for the first time.The isolates 1,6-14 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal activity against three skin fungi,e.g.,Epidermophyton floccosum,Trichophyton rubrum,and Microsporum gypseum.Most of the isolates showed weak anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity.Only compound 9 exhibited obvious anti-fungal activity against E.floccosum(MIC_(50)=2.467±0.03μM)and M.gypseum(MIC_(50)=4.673±0.077μM),while the MIC_(50)values of the positive control terbinafine were 1.287±0.012 and 0.077±0.00258μM,respectively.The results indicated that simple emodin type anthraquinone is more potential against skin fungi than its oxyglucosyl,C-glucosyl and glycosylated seco analogues.

A novel dimeric procyanidin glucoside from Polygonum aviculare

A novel dimeric procyanidin glucoside,catechin 3-O-acetate-（4 α→8）-catechin 3-O-acetate-3＇-O- β-D-glucopyranoside（1）, along with five flavonoids and one lignan were isolated from the aerial parts of Polygonum aviculare.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including 1D,2D NMR,MS and CD methods.

SEGNALAZIONI FLORISTICHE PER IL TERRITORIO BRESCIANO: 58-79

Some stations for the following spectes are pointed out:Anagallis tenella.Aster squamatus, Cistus salvifolitts,Cypripedium calceolus.Euphorbia villosa.Galium glaucum,G.montis-arerae,Humulus scan- dens.Ornitltogalum pyramidale,Phacelia tanacetifolia,Plantago indica.Polypodium australe,Potentilla norvegi- ca.Si(?)vos angulatus.Thlaspi alpestre.Veratrum album subsp.lobelianum,Viola clatior.

Ecological Wood Adaptation and Horizontal Variations of Vessel Element and Fibre Length of Calligonum mongolicum

Wood anatomy of Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. was described from an ecological perspective. This species showed similar wood structure to that species published in the same genus. This species has distinct growth ring boundaries, ring-porosity, distinct helical thickenings, simple perforation plate, nonseptate fibre, axial parenchyma, uni- or 2-5-seriate heterogeneous rays, and alternate intervessel pitting. It was observed that there is a slightly increase of fibre length as the diameter from the pith increases. However, the vessel element length remains more or less constant from pith to bark. Furthermore, the relationships between anatomical features and adaptability to desert environments were discussed.