玉竹(Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druce)凝集素的荧光淬灭研究

百合科植物玉竹(Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.)Druce)的根状茎经生理盐水浸取、硫酸铵分级沉淀、CM-Sepharose柱离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-200凝胶过滤,得到经SDS-PAGE检测为14.2kD的单一蛋白条带的玉竹凝集素(Polygonatum odoratumlectin,简称POL).荧光淬灭剂丙烯酰胺、KI和CsCl对POL的内源荧光淬灭研究表明它们对凝集素分子荧光的淬灭过程属动态淬灭机制.其中玉竹凝集素中Trp残基对中性淬灭剂丙烯酰胺的可接近程度达到81%,而阴离子淬灭剂I-、阳离子淬灭剂Cs+仅淬灭POL 50%和45%的荧光.表明玉竹凝集素产生荧光的氨基酸残基大部分是位于分子表面和近表面带电荷的沟槽内,并且Trp残基周围有大约等量的正、负电荷分布.

Two new homoisoflavanones from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce

Two new homoisoflavanones were isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druce and their structures were elucidated as(3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-methylchrom-an-4-one(1) and(3R)-5,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4- hydroxybenzyl)-6-methylchroman-4-one(2),on the basis of spectral analysis.

A New Furostanol Glycoside from Polygonatum odoratum

A new furostanol component glycosylated only at C-26 was isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, and its structure was characterized as 22-hydroxy-25(R and S) furost-5-en-12-on-3b, 22, 26-triol 26-O-b-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods.

Effects of Different Propagation Materials and Cultivation Years on the Yield of Polygonatum odoratum under the Forest

This paper mainly studies the effects of different propagation materials and cultivation years on the yield of Polygonatum odoratum under the forest.In this study,the cultivation experiment of P.odoratum was carried out by using the stem tip,stem body and seeds of P.odoratum as propagation materials.The yield of P.odoratum in different cultivation years with propagation by rhizome was also investigated.That is,the continuous growth of P.odoratum and the yield of P.odoratum each year after cultivation was statistically analyzed.The results showed that the germination rate under stem tip cultivation was fast,and the emergence time was also fast,which was more than 2 weeks earlier than that under stem body cultivation,and the seedling emergence rate reached 100%.The stem body was a new plant formed by sprouting from the buds of internodes,and the emergence rate was more than 95%.P.odoratum propagated by rhizome was harvested in the third or fourth year after cultivation,and the third year was the best harvest time.

Effects of Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharide on Reproductive Hormones in Male Rats Fed a High-fat Diet

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)on organ relative weights and reproductive hormone levels in male rats fed a high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups according to their body weight:10 in normal control group(Group NC,n=10)and 20 in experimental group(n=20).The rats in experimental group were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks before they were further randomly divided into two groups:high fat group(Group HF)and high fat+400 mg/(kg·d)POP group(Group HF+POP).In Group HF+POP,the rats were administered with POP for another six weeks,before their blood plasma was collected,and the relative weights of their testis and epididymis were calculated.The plasma levels of testosterone(T),estrogen(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),cortisol(C)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were measured by radioimmunoassay,and the plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.[Results]Compared with Group HF,POP could effectively inhibit rat obesity caused by high-fat diets,increase the relative weights of their testis and epididymis,plasma levels of LH,E2,FSH,T,SHBG and IGF-1,and reduce the plasma level of E2.[Conclusions]Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)is able to effectively regulate the level of reproductive hormones in high-fat diet fed rats,and helps to protect their reproductive function.

Effects of Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharides on the Quality of White Chili Peppers in Jars

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides on the quality of white chili peppers in jars.[Methods]White chili peppers were pickled by adding different concentrations of P.odoratum polysaccharides with traditional pickling technology,and its nitrite content,pH and sensory quality were analyzed and detected.[Results]The results showed that,compared with the control group without adding P.odoratum polysaccharides,the nitrite content in white chili peppers in jars decreased after adding P.odoratum polysaccharides.When the addition amount of P.odoratum polysaccharides was 0.002%,the inhibition rate of nitrite reached the maximum.Under the same fermentation time,P.odoratum polysaccharides could significantly reduce the pH value of pickles.When the addition amount of P.odoratum polysaccharide was 0.002%and the pickling time was 3 months,the sensory quality of white chili peppers in jars was the best.At this point,white chili peppers in jars had rich aroma and tasted soft and sour,and the sour and salinity were suitable.As the fermentation time continued to increase,the chili aroma of white chili peppers in jars gradually decreased,and the sour taste became more pronounced.[Conclusions]This study can provide reference for the safety and quality control of white chili peppers in jars.

A review on the application,phytochemistry and pharmacology of Polygonatum odoratum,an edible medicinal plant

Polygonatum odoratum is distributed in several countries around the world as a medicinal and dual-use plant,and its rhizomes are used in China as a traditional Chinese medicine,also as vegetables,foods,functional foods or tea,with a history of application for more than 2000 years,with precise efficacy and no toxic side effects.However,few reviews are published on its chemical composition and its pharmacological effects.There are many components of P.odoratum,including steroidal saponins,homoisoflavanones,isoflavones,flavonoids,alkaloids,lignin,volatile oil,polysaccharides and lectins.In this review,recent advances of the history and consumption of P.odoratum,the types of chemical components,and the pharmacological effects manifested in antitumour and anticancer,antioxidant,slowing senescence,relieving fatigue and immune regulation are summarized and discussed.Presumably,the main active ingredients of the plant are homoisoflavanones,polysaccharides,saponins,and lectins.The review provides a reference for its development and utilization in the field of functional food and medicine in the future.

Sortilin-induced lipid accumulation and atherogenesis are suppressed by HNF1b SUMOylation promoted by flavone of Polygonatum odoratum

This study aims to investigate the impact of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β(HNF1b)on macrophage sortilin-mediated lipid metabolism and aortic atherosclerosis and explore the role of the flavone of Polygonatum odoratum(PAOA-flavone)-promoted small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMO)modification in the atheroprotective efficacy of HNF1b.HNF1b was predicted to be a transcriptional regulator of sortilin expression via bioinformatics,dual-luciferase reporter gene assay,and chromatin immunoprecipitation.HNF1b overexpression decreased sortilin expression and cellular lipid contents in THP-1 macrophages,leading to a depression in atherosclerotic plaque formation in low-density lipoprotein(LDL)receptor-deficient(LDLR−/−)mice.Multiple SUMO1-modified sites were identified on the HNF1b protein and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed its SUMO1 modification.The SUMOylation of HNF1b protein enhanced the HNF1b-inhibited effect on sortilin expression and reduced lipid contents in macrophages.PAOA-flavone treatment promoted SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1(SAE1)expression and SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein,which prevented sortilin-mediated lipid accumulation in macrophages and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient(ApoE−/−)mice.Interference with SAE1 abrogated the improvement in lipid metabolism in macrophage cells and atheroprotective efficacy in vivo upon PAOA-flavone administration.In summary,HNF1b transcriptionally suppressed sortilin expression and macrophage lipid accumulation to inhibit aortic lipid deposition and the development of atherosclerosis.This anti-atherosclerotic effect was enhanced by PAOA-flavone-facilitated,SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein.

The Impact of Ecologic Factors on Growth and Development of Two Polygonatum Species

The research results of environment impact on growth and development of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce and Polygonatum severtzowii Regel species are given in the article. The effect of light intensity, temperature and humidity factors was noted in the studied species.

不同品系湘玉竹主要功能成分及抗氧化和抗糖基化活性

为探究不同品系湘玉竹主要功能成分的含量及其抗氧化和抗糖基化能力,以邵东麻杆、红杆、连竹、红杆猪屎尾、猪屎尾5个品系湘玉竹为试材,测定其主要功能成分,初步研究其抗氧化能力和抗糖基化活性,并对其进行相关性分析。结果表明,猪屎尾的水分含量最低,为(65.05±0.66)%,折干率最高;麻杆的硬度最低,为(511.39±59.96)g,灰分、蛋白质、总酚、总黄酮、还原糖、多糖的含量均最高,分别为(3.09±0.12)%、(5.99±0.03)%、(20.57±2.42)、(1.55±0.07)、(38.37±0.72)、(78.66±1.73)mg/g。5个品系玉竹提取液中,麻杆的抗氧化和抗糖基化活性最好,当麻杆质量浓度为300 mg/mL时,麻杆对DPPH自由基的清除率达(97.38±1.91)%,半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)值为(115.80±5.70)mg/mL;当质量浓度为150 mg/mL时,对ABTS+阳离子自由基的清除率达(87.27±3.21)%,IC_(50)值为(75.52±4.06)mg/mL;当质量浓度为1.25 mg/mL时,对体外糖基化终产物的抑制能力达(87.38±1.17)%。铁离子还原能力值为(8.88±0.21)μmol/g,氧自由基吸收能力值为(0.57±0.01)mmol/g。5个品系中,麻杆玉竹功能成分含量最高,抗氧化和抗糖基化能力最强。

玉竹地上部位化学成分及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

目的:研究玉竹地上部位的化学成分及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂HP-20、Sephadex LH-20、MCI gel CHP 20P、Chromatorex C18、半制备型高效液相等色谱法对玉竹地上部位75%甲醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR等波谱技术对化合物进行结构鉴定,并采用α-葡萄糖苷酶活性筛选模型对部分化合物进行活性筛选。结果:从玉竹地上部位中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为:对羟基苯甲酸(1)、芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖苷(2)、异金雀花素(3)、异槲皮苷(4)、肥皂草苷(5)、山柰酚-3-O-β-芸香苷(6)、芦丁(7)、异鼠李素-3-O-芸香苷(8)、牡荆素-2″-O-葡萄糖苷(9)、牡荆素-4″-O-葡萄糖苷(10)、牡荆素-2″-O-β-D-(6‴-乙酰基)-葡萄糖苷(11)、异牡荆素-2″-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12)、芹菜素-6-C-阿拉伯糖-葡萄糖苷(13)、槲皮素-7-O-[α-L-鼠李糖-(1→6)-β-D-半乳糖苷](14)、金圣草黄素-7-O-槐糖苷(15)、金圣草黄素-7-O-[β-D-芹菜糖-(1→6)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(16),并筛选了部分化合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。结论:其中,化合物2~6、10~16为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物2具有显著的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。

玉竹多糖对顺铂诱导小鼠急性肾损伤的作用及其铁死亡机制

目的:探讨玉竹多糖(POP)对顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤(AKI)模型小鼠的作用,并阐明其可能的作用机制。方法:40只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、POP组和铁死亡诱导剂Erastin联合POP组(Erastin+POP组),每组10只。POP组和Erastin+POP组小鼠灌胃POP(400 mg·kg^(-1)),第7天时,模型组、POP组和Erastin+POP组小鼠均腹腔注射顺铂(20 mg·kg^(-1))制备AKI模型,对照组小鼠腹腔注射等体积生理盐水,Erastin+POP组小鼠提前1 d (即实验第6天)腹腔注射Erastin (40 mg·kg^(-1))。9 d后处死小鼠,收集血清和肾组织,试剂盒检测各组小鼠血清肌酐(Scr)和血尿素氮(BUN)水平及肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平,HE染色观察各组小鼠肾组织病理形态表现,免疫组织化学染色法检测各组小鼠肾组织中铁死亡抑制蛋白1(FSP1)、铁蛋白重链1 (FTH1)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 (GPX4)蛋白表达水平,Western blotting法检测各组小鼠肾组织中肾脏核因子E2相关因子2 (Nrf2)和血红素氧合酶1 (HO-1)蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清中Scr和BUN水平均明显升高(P<0.01),肾组织中MDA水平明显升高(P<0.01),GSH水平明显降低(P<0.01);多数肾小管管腔扩张,上皮细胞肿胀,空泡变性,上皮细胞脱落,管腔内可见蛋白样管型;肾组织中FSP1、FTH1、GPX4、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组比较,POP组小鼠血清中Scr和BUN水平均明显降低(P<0.01),肾组织中MDA水平降低(P<0.01),GSH水平升高(P<0.01);肾小管管腔扩张,上皮细胞肿胀,空泡变性,上皮细胞脱落均有减少;肾组织中FSP1、FTH1、GPX4、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与POP组比较,Erastin+POP组小鼠血清中Scr和BUN水平均明显升高(P<0.01),肾组织中MDA水平明显升高(P<0.05),GSH水平明显降低(P<0.01);肾组织病理损伤明显加重;肾组织中FSP1、FTH1、GPX4、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:POP可减轻顺铂诱导的小鼠AKI,其机制可能与POP抑制顺铂引起的铁死亡有关。

两种同属食药同源植物黄精与玉竹代谢组学比较分析

采用代谢组学方法比较分析了同属食药同源植物黄精和玉竹代谢物质的组成及差异。利用基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(UHPLC-MS)的非靶向代谢组学技术,对黄精与玉竹的根部进行了分析。两种中药共检测到583个差异代谢物,玉竹与黄精相比,其中共有536个代谢物含量显著上升,47个代谢物含量显著下降。在这些代谢物中,有150种黄酮类化合物在黄精和玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:139种显著上调,11种显著下调。甾体皂苷类化合物在黄精和玉竹中共检测到110种,其中:93种显著上调,17种显著下调。生物碱类化合物在黄精和玉竹中共检测到73种,其中:61种显著上调,12种显著下调。98种酚酸类化合物在黄精与玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:96种显著上调,2种显著下调。48种萜类化合物在黄精与玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:47种显著上调,1种显著下调。这些研究结果可为黄精与玉竹的开发研究提供理论依据。

玉竹种质资源评价及药用成分分析

【目的】系统评价我国主要产区玉竹种质资源。【方法】收集来自全国主产区共计35份玉竹块茎,进行含水量,包括粗灰分和粗脂肪在内的营养成分以及多糖和总黄酮两项药效成分含量的检测,并通过变异系数、相关性分析和聚类分析等方法,对玉竹种质资源进行综合评价。【结果】不同玉竹块茎资源中含水量为64.43%~83.78%,粗灰分为1.03%~6.43%,木质素为2.83%~18.38%,纤维素为1.88%~4.73%,粗脂肪为2.85%~5.16%,粗蛋白为47.12~184.20 g/kg,多糖含量为33.85~155.79 mg/g及总黄酮含量为0.49~1.78 mg/g。其中,多糖、粗灰分、木质素、粗蛋白及总黄酮变异系数分别为0.45、0.42、0.38、0.31及0.30,均呈现较大变异。玉竹含水量与多糖及多项营养成分指标含量间呈显著正相关。不同产地玉竹种质主要聚类为两类,第一类主要为广东产区及湖南产区,总黄酮含量普遍较高,第二类其他产区玉竹多糖含量普遍较高。结合多项指标筛选到4份药效成分含量高的育种材料。【结论】通过对不同产地玉竹块茎的主要营养成分和药效成分进行分析,筛选出优质种质,可为玉竹种质资源的评价和品系培育提供数据与材料支撑。

玉竹多糖提取工艺优化及体外抗氧化能力研究

为充分利用玉竹资源,采用超声辅助热水浸提法来提取玉竹中多糖.以玉竹多糖提取率为考察指标,通过对提取温度、固液比、超声时间、提取时间4个因素的影响并进行单因素实验,筛选出影响提取率效果最好的3个因素和水平,并采用正交试验法对其玉竹多糖提取工艺进行优化.结果表明,通过单因素实验分析对提取率的影响:超声时间大于提取温度大于固液比大于提取时间,并进行正交试验,对玉竹多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,确定了以提取温度为60℃、固液比1∶30、超声时间为70 min、提取时间90 min为最佳.在此条件下提取效率最高.通过考察玉竹多糖对DPPH自由基的清除能力,发现玉竹多糖对DPPH自由基具有较好的清除能力,在50~60mg/mL时清除率达到平稳.作为天然抗氧化剂的玉竹多糖有望在食品、药品和化妆品等领域发挥潜在的应用价值.

玉竹多糖合成积累影响因素的研究进展

以《中国药典》规定的主要成分指标玉竹多糖为切入点,从多糖合成积累途径以及种质、栽培、加工等方法对玉竹多糖合成积累的影响进行概括总结,为玉竹新种质创制、生态栽培、加工与开发利用提供参考依据。通过总结分析发现,玉竹种源地、品系以及栽培过程中的地表覆盖、施肥等措施显著影响玉竹多糖的转化积累,采收年份、同一年的不同采收期以及采后不同产地初加工工艺等同样对玉竹多糖含量影响显著。因此,需严格规范玉竹产地和品系,按照标准化技术规程进行玉竹种植、采收、加工等,以保证玉竹的产量和品质。

玉竹多糖对人脐带间质干细胞培养的影响研究

目的:探究培养液中添加玉竹多糖对人脐带间质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)培养的影响。方法:比较在培养液中添加玉竹多糖和传统培养方法得到的人脐带间质干细胞,在形态、稳定性、产量、细胞分化等指标上的区别。结果:测得传统酶消化法P0代细胞每瓶(T75)收获细胞总量为4.53×10^(6)cells、活率95.5%,而添加玉竹多糖的酶消化法收获细胞总量为5.35×10^(7)cells、活率97.9%;定向诱导分化两种方法得到的hUC-MSCs,无明显差异。结论:与传统酶消化法相比,添加玉竹多糖的酶消化法可以提高细胞产量、缩短生产时间,利于细胞的大规模化生产,且细胞分化无明显差异,能满足生产和临床需求。

不同玉竹品种主要农艺性状及叶绿素含量比较

以郴州地区3个不同玉竹品种(高禾尾参、猪屎尾参1和猪屎尾参2)为研究对象,比较不同玉竹品种农艺性状(株高、地径、叶长和叶宽)和叶绿素含量(叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总含量)的差异,评价不同品种玉竹的种苗质量。结果表明,高禾尾参、猪屎尾参1和猪屎尾参2各物候期农艺性状及叶绿素含量有一定差异,其中高禾尾参生长性状表现较好,其株高、地径、叶长等生长指标高于其他两个玉竹品种,叶绿素含量较高,种质优势明显;猪屎尾参2植株发育相对迟缓,株高、地径、叶长、叶绿素含量等均低于其他两个玉竹品种。

玉竹中黄酮类成分的薄层色谱指纹图谱研究

目的 :对玉竹的黄酮类成分进行薄层色谱指纹图谱研究 ,以期解决玉竹的专属性鉴别 ,并为其质量控制提供依据。方法 :采用薄层色谱法 ,甲苯 醋酸乙酯 甲酸 (5∶4∶1)为展开剂 ,氨水熏蒸显色 ,用λR=5 0 0nm ,λS=2 80nm双波长扫描。结果 :建立了由 10个特征荧光斑点构成的玉竹黄酮类成分的薄层指纹图谱。结论 :该方法可以有效地鉴别玉竹 。

玉竹化学成分与药理作用研究进展

玉竹为我国传统中药材之一,其化学成分主要为甾体皂苷类、高异黄酮类、多糖类及挥发油类等化合物。现代药理学研究表明其具有降血糖、免疫调节、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤等药理作用。查阅近年来相关文献资料,对玉竹化学成分和药理作用研究进展进行综述,为其进一步研究开发提供有价值的参考。