Chilled chicken has become the mainstream of chicken consumption.In order to explore the effect of post-mortem aging on water-soluble flavor precursors of chicken,pH,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)degradation,flavor nucle...Chilled chicken has become the mainstream of chicken consumption.In order to explore the effect of post-mortem aging on water-soluble flavor precursors of chicken,pH,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)degradation,flavor nucleosides,free amino acids and water-soluble low molecular weight peptides were determined using Qingyuan partridge yellow-feathered broilers as material during 0-4℃ post-mortem aging in 48 h.The results showed that the pH value fell to the limit pH 5.64(4 h)in chicken breast and 6.21(3 h)in thigh.Regardless of chicken breast or thigh,ATP dropped rapidly within 3 h.It was found that the K-value in chicken thigh was the lowest at 2 h indicating the freshness was the best.Considering the equivalent umami concentration(EUC),the value at 3 h and 4 h was relatively high,but the corresponding electronic tongue umami value was not high,which further showed that the water-soluble low molecular taste peptide played an important role on the post-mortem aging process.Combined with cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),it was preliminarily inferred that the optimal time for chilled chicken during 0-4℃ post-mortem aging was 2 h,which could provide a theoretical basis for the further processing of fresh chicken.展开更多
Background: Most of the murder victims in Nigeria are concealed in shallow graves or clandestine paths or bushes. Knowledge of post-mortem interval (PMI) of buried carcasses is useful in estimating time since death fo...Background: Most of the murder victims in Nigeria are concealed in shallow graves or clandestine paths or bushes. Knowledge of post-mortem interval (PMI) of buried carcasses is useful in estimating time since death for buried homicide scenarios. The PMI of buried remains is different from that of remains on the soil surface. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed at investigating the PMI of buried remains in a tropical rainforest vegetation of Nigeria using matured domestic pigs as human analogs. Materials and Methods: Four animals were used for this study. Animals were sacrificed and buried in one-foot-depth graves. A flat wood was placed on top of the animals before it was covered with sand so that the visible changes can be monitored during the study period. The study was carried out during the rainy and dry seasons. Soil analysis was carried out to ensure that there was no chemical substance inhibiting decomposition. Results: Animals did not completely skeletonize within the study period (168 days). However, four stages of decomposition were identified within the study period - Fresh, bloat, active decay, and advanced decay stages. Conclusions: The PMI was influenced by fungi activities and rain infusion. On the last day of the study, the decomposition was at the advanced decay stage and only few bones of the head, neck, trunk, and limbs were visible with greyish discoloration of the skin and other visceral structures. The visible post-mortem changes of the buried carrions noted in this study may be used to estimate the time of death of buried humans in a tropical rainforest vegetation of Nigeria.展开更多
Modern post-mortem investigations use an increasing number of digital imaging methods,which can be collected under the term“post-mortem imaging”.Most methods of forensic imaging are from the radiology field and are ...Modern post-mortem investigations use an increasing number of digital imaging methods,which can be collected under the term“post-mortem imaging”.Most methods of forensic imaging are from the radiology field and are therefore techniques that show the interior of the body with technologies such as X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging.To digitally image the surface of the body,other techniques are regularly applied,e.g.three-dimensional(3D)surface scanning(3DSS)or photogrammetry.Today’s most frequently used techniques include post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT),post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging(PMMR),post-mortem computed tomographic angiography(PMCTA)and 3DSS or photogrammetry.Each of these methods has specific advantages and limitations.Therefore,the indications for using each method are different.While PMCT gives a rapid overview of the interior of the body and depicts the skeletal system and radiopaque foreign bodies,PMMR allows investigation of soft tissues and parenchymal organs.PMCTA is the method of choice for viewing the vascular system and detecting sources of bleeding.However,none of those radiological methods allow a detailed digital view of the body’s surface,which makes 3DSS the best choice for such a purpose.If 3D surface scanners are not available,photogrammetry is an alternative.This review article gives an overview of different imaging techniques and explains their applications,advantages and limitations.We hope it will improve understanding of the methods.展开更多
The autopsy and histopathologic examination are traditional and classic approaches in forensic pathology.In recent years,with the tremendous progresses of computer technology and medical imaging technology,the develop...The autopsy and histopathologic examination are traditional and classic approaches in forensic pathology.In recent years,with the tremendous progresses of computer technology and medical imaging technology,the developed post-mortem computer tomography,post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and other new methods provide non-invasive,intuitive,high-precision examining methods and research tools for the forensic pathology.As a result,the reconstruction of the injury as well as the analysis of injury mechanism has been essentially achieved.Such methods have become popular in the research field of forensic science and related work has also been carried out in China.This paper reviews the development and application of abovementioned post-mortem forensic imaging methods in China based on the relevant literature.展开更多
Targeted post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT)combined with coronary angiography has the potential to play a significant role in the investigation of sudden cardiac death.The authors utilized a targeted PMCT coronary ...Targeted post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT)combined with coronary angiography has the potential to play a significant role in the investigation of sudden cardiac death.The authors utilized a targeted PMCT coronary angiography in a case involving a 53-year-old man who died from acute myocardial ischemia and cardiac decompensation which may result from coronary artery disease(CAD).The victim collapsed suddenly at work and died soon after arrival to hospital.The body was examined using PMCT and targeted PMCT coronary angiography.The left anterior descending coronary artery exhibited 75%-100%stenosis in the middle segment;however,the distal segment could not be clearly visualized.In addition,the left circumflex and right coronary artery exhibited calcification,atherosclerosis and an area of 50% stenosis.Signs of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema were also identified.The imaging results suggested that this individual had coronary atherosclerosis and probably died from CAD.The autopsy and histological examination revealed acute myocardial ischemia and myocardial scarring,confirming the cause of death while excluding other probabilities.In summary,targeted post-mortem computed tomography angiography(PMCTA)can visualize the arteries and estimate the degree of principal pathological changes.This method is a simple,reliable and sensitive technique for identifying the presence of coronary atherosclerosis.It is a valuable post-mortem forensic imaging method and should be recommended in the investigation of suspicious cardiac deaths.展开更多
Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal and biliary tract is a common procedure and is routinely performed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.Perforation,bleeding and infection are some of the more common reported side...Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal and biliary tract is a common procedure and is routinely performed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.Perforation,bleeding and infection are some of the more common reported side effects.Air embolism on the other hand,is a rare complication of gastrointestinal endoscopy.We report a 77-year-old African-American female with a history of pancreatic cancer,which was resected with a Whipple procedure.As part of diagnostic and therapeutic procedure,an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was planned several months after the surgery.The patient’s heart rate suddenly slowed to 40 bpm during the procedure and she became cyanotic and difficult to oxygenate after the endoscope was introduced and CO2 gas was insufflated.A forensic autopsy was performed with post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT)and revealed extensive systemic air embolism.The detailed PMCT and autopsy findings are presented and current literature is reviewed.展开更多
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by intra-neuronal deposition of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) and by deficiencies of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain and hear...Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by intra-neuronal deposition of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) and by deficiencies of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain and heart. Accumulation of α-syn in sympathetic noradrenergic nerves may provide a useful PD biomarker;however, whether α-syn buildup is pathophysiological has been unclear. If it were, one would expect associations of intra-neuronal α-syn deposition with catecholaminergic denervation and with decreased NE contents in the same samples. Methods: We assayed immunoreactive α-syn and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a marker of catecholaminergic innerva-tion) concurrently with catecholamines in coded post-mortem scalp skin, submandibular gland (SMG), and apical left ventricular myocardial tissue samples from 14 patients with autopsy-proven PD and 12 age-matched control subjects who did not have a neurodegenerative disease. Results: The PD group had increased α-syn in sympathetic noradrenergically innervated arrector pili muscles (5.7 times control, P < 0.0001), SMG (35 times control, P = 0.0011), and myocardium (11 times control, P = 0.0011). Myocar-dial TH in the PD group was decreased by 65% compared to the control group (P = 0.0008), whereas the groups did not differ in TH in either arrector pili muscles or SMG. Similarly, myocardial NE was decreased by 92% in the PD group (P < 0.0001), but the groups did not differ in NE in either scalp skin or SMG. Conclusions: PD entails increased α-syn in skin, SMG, and myocardial tissues. In skin and SMG, augmented α-syn deposition in sympathetic nerves does not seem to be pathogenic. The pathophysiological significance of intra-neuronal α-syn deposition appears to be organ-selective and prominent in the heart.展开更多
Fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors are often used in monitoring activities and to ensure that environmental parameters satisfy industrial requirements.They offer crucial safety measures in the early detection of hazards ...Fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors are often used in monitoring activities and to ensure that environmental parameters satisfy industrial requirements.They offer crucial safety measures in the early detection of hazards due to their greatly reduced size,low weight,flexibility,and immunity to electromagnetic interference.These characteristics make FBGs suitable also for use in relation to the human body for in vivo measurements and long-term monitoring.In this study,recent developments are presented with regard to the utilization of these sensors to measure the so-called post-mortem interval(PMI).Such developments rely on numerical simulations based on the Matlab software and monitoring of the rectal temperature,which is one of the main parameters for estimating the PMI.First,the Matlab software is used to solve the Henssge equation for different ambient temperatures and for different body masses;then a Bragg grating sensors is used for post-mortem dating.The results and their accuracy are discussed.展开更多
目的通过检测嗜尸性蝇类28S r RNA基因中715 bp序列,鉴定常见嗜尸性蝇类种属,解决其形态学鉴定难题,为死亡时间推断提供技术支持。方法收集洛阳地区常见嗜尸性蝇类标本29只,经形态学鉴定后,用Chelex-100法提取腿部DNA,并对28S r RNA基...目的通过检测嗜尸性蝇类28S r RNA基因中715 bp序列,鉴定常见嗜尸性蝇类种属,解决其形态学鉴定难题,为死亡时间推断提供技术支持。方法收集洛阳地区常见嗜尸性蝇类标本29只,经形态学鉴定后,用Chelex-100法提取腿部DNA,并对28S r RNA基因片段进行扩增和测序,与Gen Bank和EMBL数据库中的28条相应蝇种序列进行比对,用MEGA7.0软件进行序列整理,通过BLAST搜索进行序列比对,并分析所得序列碱基组成,建立种内及种间进化分歧率,构建系统发育树。结果形态学鉴定29只嗜尸性蝇类归属于3科5属6种。获得28S r RNA基因中715 bp的序列,在线BLAST比对结果显示相似度100%。系统发育树显示5种蝇类可以较好聚类。不同蝇种种间差异0.007~0.045,种内差异0~0.001,种间差异和种内差异没有交叉。结论 28S r RNA靶基因序列片段对嗜尸性蝇类有良好的鉴别能力,可以作为新的嗜尸性蝇类种属鉴定遗传标记。展开更多
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-41)Wens Fifth Five R&D Major Project (WENS-2020-1-ZDZX-007)
文摘Chilled chicken has become the mainstream of chicken consumption.In order to explore the effect of post-mortem aging on water-soluble flavor precursors of chicken,pH,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)degradation,flavor nucleosides,free amino acids and water-soluble low molecular weight peptides were determined using Qingyuan partridge yellow-feathered broilers as material during 0-4℃ post-mortem aging in 48 h.The results showed that the pH value fell to the limit pH 5.64(4 h)in chicken breast and 6.21(3 h)in thigh.Regardless of chicken breast or thigh,ATP dropped rapidly within 3 h.It was found that the K-value in chicken thigh was the lowest at 2 h indicating the freshness was the best.Considering the equivalent umami concentration(EUC),the value at 3 h and 4 h was relatively high,but the corresponding electronic tongue umami value was not high,which further showed that the water-soluble low molecular taste peptide played an important role on the post-mortem aging process.Combined with cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),it was preliminarily inferred that the optimal time for chilled chicken during 0-4℃ post-mortem aging was 2 h,which could provide a theoretical basis for the further processing of fresh chicken.
文摘Background: Most of the murder victims in Nigeria are concealed in shallow graves or clandestine paths or bushes. Knowledge of post-mortem interval (PMI) of buried carcasses is useful in estimating time since death for buried homicide scenarios. The PMI of buried remains is different from that of remains on the soil surface. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed at investigating the PMI of buried remains in a tropical rainforest vegetation of Nigeria using matured domestic pigs as human analogs. Materials and Methods: Four animals were used for this study. Animals were sacrificed and buried in one-foot-depth graves. A flat wood was placed on top of the animals before it was covered with sand so that the visible changes can be monitored during the study period. The study was carried out during the rainy and dry seasons. Soil analysis was carried out to ensure that there was no chemical substance inhibiting decomposition. Results: Animals did not completely skeletonize within the study period (168 days). However, four stages of decomposition were identified within the study period - Fresh, bloat, active decay, and advanced decay stages. Conclusions: The PMI was influenced by fungi activities and rain infusion. On the last day of the study, the decomposition was at the advanced decay stage and only few bones of the head, neck, trunk, and limbs were visible with greyish discoloration of the skin and other visceral structures. The visible post-mortem changes of the buried carrions noted in this study may be used to estimate the time of death of buried humans in a tropical rainforest vegetation of Nigeria.
文摘Modern post-mortem investigations use an increasing number of digital imaging methods,which can be collected under the term“post-mortem imaging”.Most methods of forensic imaging are from the radiology field and are therefore techniques that show the interior of the body with technologies such as X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging.To digitally image the surface of the body,other techniques are regularly applied,e.g.three-dimensional(3D)surface scanning(3DSS)or photogrammetry.Today’s most frequently used techniques include post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT),post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging(PMMR),post-mortem computed tomographic angiography(PMCTA)and 3DSS or photogrammetry.Each of these methods has specific advantages and limitations.Therefore,the indications for using each method are different.While PMCT gives a rapid overview of the interior of the body and depicts the skeletal system and radiopaque foreign bodies,PMMR allows investigation of soft tissues and parenchymal organs.PMCTA is the method of choice for viewing the vascular system and detecting sources of bleeding.However,none of those radiological methods allow a detailed digital view of the body’s surface,which makes 3DSS the best choice for such a purpose.If 3D surface scanners are not available,photogrammetry is an alternative.This review article gives an overview of different imaging techniques and explains their applications,advantages and limitations.We hope it will improve understanding of the methods.
基金supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2016YFC0800702]Sci-ence and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality[grant numbers 17DZ2273200 and 16DZ2290900]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81571851 and 81401559].
文摘The autopsy and histopathologic examination are traditional and classic approaches in forensic pathology.In recent years,with the tremendous progresses of computer technology and medical imaging technology,the developed post-mortem computer tomography,post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and other new methods provide non-invasive,intuitive,high-precision examining methods and research tools for the forensic pathology.As a result,the reconstruction of the injury as well as the analysis of injury mechanism has been essentially achieved.Such methods have become popular in the research field of forensic science and related work has also been carried out in China.This paper reviews the development and application of abovementioned post-mortem forensic imaging methods in China based on the relevant literature.
基金supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2016YFC0800702]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant num-bers 81571851 and 81401559]Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality[grant numbers 17DZ2273200 and 16DZ2290900].
文摘Targeted post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT)combined with coronary angiography has the potential to play a significant role in the investigation of sudden cardiac death.The authors utilized a targeted PMCT coronary angiography in a case involving a 53-year-old man who died from acute myocardial ischemia and cardiac decompensation which may result from coronary artery disease(CAD).The victim collapsed suddenly at work and died soon after arrival to hospital.The body was examined using PMCT and targeted PMCT coronary angiography.The left anterior descending coronary artery exhibited 75%-100%stenosis in the middle segment;however,the distal segment could not be clearly visualized.In addition,the left circumflex and right coronary artery exhibited calcification,atherosclerosis and an area of 50% stenosis.Signs of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema were also identified.The imaging results suggested that this individual had coronary atherosclerosis and probably died from CAD.The autopsy and histological examination revealed acute myocardial ischemia and myocardial scarring,confirming the cause of death while excluding other probabilities.In summary,targeted post-mortem computed tomography angiography(PMCTA)can visualize the arteries and estimate the degree of principal pathological changes.This method is a simple,reliable and sensitive technique for identifying the presence of coronary atherosclerosis.It is a valuable post-mortem forensic imaging method and should be recommended in the investigation of suspicious cardiac deaths.
基金supported by the fund for“2011 plan”of collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,China.
文摘Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal and biliary tract is a common procedure and is routinely performed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.Perforation,bleeding and infection are some of the more common reported side effects.Air embolism on the other hand,is a rare complication of gastrointestinal endoscopy.We report a 77-year-old African-American female with a history of pancreatic cancer,which was resected with a Whipple procedure.As part of diagnostic and therapeutic procedure,an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was planned several months after the surgery.The patient’s heart rate suddenly slowed to 40 bpm during the procedure and she became cyanotic and difficult to oxygenate after the endoscope was introduced and CO2 gas was insufflated.A forensic autopsy was performed with post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT)and revealed extensive systemic air embolism.The detailed PMCT and autopsy findings are presented and current literature is reviewed.
基金the National Institutes of Health(NIH)the Intramural Research Program of the NIH,NINDS.
文摘Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by intra-neuronal deposition of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) and by deficiencies of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain and heart. Accumulation of α-syn in sympathetic noradrenergic nerves may provide a useful PD biomarker;however, whether α-syn buildup is pathophysiological has been unclear. If it were, one would expect associations of intra-neuronal α-syn deposition with catecholaminergic denervation and with decreased NE contents in the same samples. Methods: We assayed immunoreactive α-syn and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a marker of catecholaminergic innerva-tion) concurrently with catecholamines in coded post-mortem scalp skin, submandibular gland (SMG), and apical left ventricular myocardial tissue samples from 14 patients with autopsy-proven PD and 12 age-matched control subjects who did not have a neurodegenerative disease. Results: The PD group had increased α-syn in sympathetic noradrenergically innervated arrector pili muscles (5.7 times control, P < 0.0001), SMG (35 times control, P = 0.0011), and myocardium (11 times control, P = 0.0011). Myocar-dial TH in the PD group was decreased by 65% compared to the control group (P = 0.0008), whereas the groups did not differ in TH in either arrector pili muscles or SMG. Similarly, myocardial NE was decreased by 92% in the PD group (P < 0.0001), but the groups did not differ in NE in either scalp skin or SMG. Conclusions: PD entails increased α-syn in skin, SMG, and myocardial tissues. In skin and SMG, augmented α-syn deposition in sympathetic nerves does not seem to be pathogenic. The pathophysiological significance of intra-neuronal α-syn deposition appears to be organ-selective and prominent in the heart.
文摘Fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors are often used in monitoring activities and to ensure that environmental parameters satisfy industrial requirements.They offer crucial safety measures in the early detection of hazards due to their greatly reduced size,low weight,flexibility,and immunity to electromagnetic interference.These characteristics make FBGs suitable also for use in relation to the human body for in vivo measurements and long-term monitoring.In this study,recent developments are presented with regard to the utilization of these sensors to measure the so-called post-mortem interval(PMI).Such developments rely on numerical simulations based on the Matlab software and monitoring of the rectal temperature,which is one of the main parameters for estimating the PMI.First,the Matlab software is used to solve the Henssge equation for different ambient temperatures and for different body masses;then a Bragg grating sensors is used for post-mortem dating.The results and their accuracy are discussed.
文摘目的通过检测嗜尸性蝇类28S r RNA基因中715 bp序列,鉴定常见嗜尸性蝇类种属,解决其形态学鉴定难题,为死亡时间推断提供技术支持。方法收集洛阳地区常见嗜尸性蝇类标本29只,经形态学鉴定后,用Chelex-100法提取腿部DNA,并对28S r RNA基因片段进行扩增和测序,与Gen Bank和EMBL数据库中的28条相应蝇种序列进行比对,用MEGA7.0软件进行序列整理,通过BLAST搜索进行序列比对,并分析所得序列碱基组成,建立种内及种间进化分歧率,构建系统发育树。结果形态学鉴定29只嗜尸性蝇类归属于3科5属6种。获得28S r RNA基因中715 bp的序列,在线BLAST比对结果显示相似度100%。系统发育树显示5种蝇类可以较好聚类。不同蝇种种间差异0.007~0.045,种内差异0~0.001,种间差异和种内差异没有交叉。结论 28S r RNA靶基因序列片段对嗜尸性蝇类有良好的鉴别能力,可以作为新的嗜尸性蝇类种属鉴定遗传标记。
