美国免疫实施顾问委员会的建议:PCV13与PPSV23免疫接种时间间隔

目前,美国批准使用两种肺炎球菌疫苗：13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV13）和23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗（PPSV23）。美国免疫实施顾问委员会（ACIP）建议,对既往未接种肺炎疫苗、≥65岁人群,以及由于潜在医学原因具有肺炎高危险性的≥2岁人群,接种1剂量PCV13后,可以接种1剂量PPSV23。两种疫苗接种的时间间隔,根据不同年龄、不同危险性人群和接种次序而有所不同。

Effects of the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine on the Mortality of Pneumonia among Elderly over 70 Years Old after the Great East Japan Earthquake—PPV Vaccination Program in Iwate Prefecture, Japan

Objective: To estimate the efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) among the elderly, we analyzed the relationship between the mortality of the elderly for pneumonia and the vaccination rate of PPSV23 from 2008 to 2016 in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Study Design: The present study was a retrospective, observational, database study adopting an ecological design. The mortality for pneumonia among the elderly over 70 years old from 2006 to 2016 in Iwate Prefecture was calculated based on the data from the Japanese Vital Statistics. We compared the mortality rate (MR) of pneumonia among the elderly over 70 years old between the low-vaccinated period (LVP) (2006-2010) and high-vaccinated period (HVP) (2012-2016) using a Poisson regression model. Results: While the vaccination rate of PPSV23 among the elderly over 65 years old was 3.3% in 2010, it increased rapidly up to 40.7% in 2012 and reached 66.4% in 2016. The MR ratio of the total population during HVP to the average MR during LVP was 0.749. The MR of the total population during HVP was significantly lower than that during LVP (p Conclusion: The increase in vaccination rate of PPSV23 during HVP (2012-2016) may contribute to the decrease in mortality for pneumonia among the elderly over 70 years old in Iwate Prefecture.

23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的免疫原性和效果

肺炎球菌是导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者感染性急性加重的主要病原体之一。世界卫生组织等权威机构均推荐COPD患者接种肺炎球菌疫苗,但肺炎球菌疫苗对COPD患者的保护作用尚存在争议。本文通过检索国内外截止到2020年7月发表的最新文献资料,梳理和综述COPD患者接种23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(PPSV23)的免疫原性和效果,为制定我国应用疫苗预防COPD急性加重的免疫策略提供依据。