Effects of Previously Fermented Juice on Nutritive Value and Fermentative Quality of Rice Straw Silage

The effects of Previously Fermented Juice （PFJ） on the fermentative quality and changes in chemical composition during fermentation of rice straw silage were investigated. The results showed that the PFJ and diluted the PFJ （dPFJ） treated silages had significantly （p〈0.05） lower pH and ammonia-nitrogen content, while significantly higher lactic acid content compared with treatments. This study confirmed that the applying of the PFJ and the dPFJ improved fermentation quality of silage.

Short-term outcomes after laparoscopic colorectal surgery in patients with previous abdominal surgery: A systematic review

AIM: To perform a systematic review focusing on shortterm outcomes after colorectal surgery in patients with previous abdominal open surgery(PAOS).METHODS: A broad literature search was performed with the terms "colorectal", "colectomy", "PAOS", "previous surgery" and "PAOS". Studies were included if their topic was laparoscopic colorectal surgery in patients with PAOS, whether descriptive or comparative. Endpoints of interest were conversion rates, inadvertent enterotomy and morbidity. Analysis of articles was made according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.RESULTS: From a total of 394 citations, 13 full-texts achieved selection criteria to be included in the study. Twelve of them compared patients with and without PAOS. All studies were retrospective and comparative and two were case-matched. The selected studies comprised a total of 5005 patients, 1865 with PAOS. Among the later, only 294(16%) had history of a midline incision for previous gastrointestinal surgery. Conversion rates were significantly higher in 3 of 12 studies and inadvertent enterotomy during laparoscopywas more prevalent in 3 of 5 studies that disclosed this event. Morbidity was similar in the majority of studies. A quantitative analysis(meta-analysis) could not be performed due to heterogeneity of the studies. CONCLUSION: Conversion rates were slightly higher in PAOS groups, although not statistical significant in most studies. History of PAOS did not implicate in higher morbidity rates.

Previous hepatitis B viral infection–an underestimated cause of pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND The etiology of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. This limits the possibility of prevention and effective treatment. Hepatitis B virus(HBV) is responsible for the development of different types of cancer, but its role in pancreatic cancer is still being discussed.AIM To assess the prevalence of previous HBV infection and to identify viral biomarkers in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) to support the role of the virus in etiology of this cancer.METHODS The data of 130 hepatitis B surface antigen-negative subjects were available for the final analysis,including 60 patients with PDAC confirmed by cytology or histology and 70 sex-and age-matched controls. All the participants were tested for HBV biomarkers in blood [antibody to hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen(anti-HBs) and HBV DNA], and for those with PDAC, biomarkers in resected pancreatic tissues were tested(HBV DNA, HBV pregenomic RNA and covalently closed circular DNA). We performed immunohistochemistry staining of pancreatic tissues for hepatitis B virus X antigen and Ki-67 protein. Non-parametric statistics were used for the analysis.RESULTS Anti-HBc was detected in 18/60(30%) patients with PDAC and in 9/70(13%) participants in the control group(P = 0.029). Accordingly, the odds of PDAC in anti-HBc-positive subjects were higher compared to those with no previous HBV infection(odds ratio: 2.905, 95% confidence interval: 1.191-7.084, standard error 0.455). HBV DNA was detected in 8 cases of PDAC and in 6 of them in the pancreatic tumor tissue samples only(all patients were anti-HBc positive). Blood HBV DNA was negative in all subjects of the control group with positive results of the serum anti-HBc test. Among 9 patients with PDAC, 5 revealed signs of replicative competence of the virus(covalently closed circular DNA with or without pregenomic RNA) in the pancreatic tumor tissue samples. Hepatitis B virus X antigen expression and active cell proliferation was revealed by immunohistochemistry in 4 patients with PDAC in the pancreatic tumor tissue samples.CONCLUSION We found significantly higher risks of PDAC in anti-HBc-positive patients. Detection of viral replication and hepatitis B virus X protein expression in the tumor tissue prove involvement of HBV infection in pancreatic cancer development.

Salvage living-donor liver transplantation to previously hepatectomized hepatocellular carcinoma patients:is it a reasonable strategy?

Salvage liver transplantation (LT) has been performed for recurred hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) or for deterioration of liver function after resection of HCC. Controversies arise, howeverover the technical feasibility of salvage LT in patientswho underwent liver surgery,

Lung cancer screening: Should we be excluding people with previous malignancy?

The National Lung Screening Trial(NLST) was a large,randomized, controlled study showing a 20% reduction of lung cancer mortality and 7% reduction of all cause mortality using annual low dose computed tomography(LDCT) in a high risk population. NLST excluded people with a previous history of cancer treatment within the past 5 years and all people with a history lung cancer. The aim of this work is to review how lung cancer screening trials addressed the confounding effect of previous malignancy. We also review the subsequent recommendations by the United States Preventative Task Force Services, multiple professional societies and the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services which defer either to NLST criteria or, clinician judgment or refrain from asserting any recommendation on the topic, respectively. Implications of lung cancer screening in the setting of previous malignancies, specifically lung, head and neck, esophageal, gastric, breast, colorectal cancer and lymphoma are also discussed. With lung cancer screening, an antecedent malignancy introduces the possibility of discovering metastasis as well as lung cancer. In some circumstances diagnosis and treatment of oligometastatic disease may confer a survival benefit. The survival benefit of treating either lung cancer or oligometastatic disease as result of lung cancer screening has yet to be determined. Further studies are needed to determine the role of lung cancer screening in the setting of previous malignancy.

Comment on anisometropia magnitude and visual deficits in previously untreated anisometropic amblyopia

Dear Editor,We read with great interest article titled'Anisometropia magnitude and visual deficits in previously untreated anisometropic amblyopia'by Chen et al[1].The authors have analysed subjects with previously untreated anisometropic amblyopia and found a significant correlation between high degree of anisometropia and deep amblyopia,worse contrast sensitivity,fusion and stereopsis functions.We commend the authors in addressing a very important problem and agree with the authors in the notation that children with anisometropia are usually detected later owing to lack of noticeable physical abnormalities.

A Phase II Study of Erlotinib in Patients with Previously Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background: Erlotinib has been reported to be effective for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of erlotinib under conditions similar to daily clinical practice, a phase II trial was conducted in Japanese patients with previously treated NSCLC. Methods: The eligibility criteria were stage IIIB/IV NSCLC, a performance status (PS) of 0 - 2, and previous treatment with 1 - 2 non-EGFR-TKI regimens. Patients received erlotinib (150 mg/day) orally until disease progression or intolerable toxicity occurred. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). In addition, the disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and EGFR gene mutation status were evaluated. Results: Thirty-eight patients were enrolled, and 37 patients were evaluated. The median age was 69 years (range, 50 - 80 years). Patient characteristics were as follows: 26 were male and 11 were female;12 had a PS of 0, 20 had a PS of 1, and 5 had a PS of 2;and 26 had adenocarcinoma, and 11 had non-adenocarcinoma histology. The ORR and DCR were 21.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.4% - 37.2%) and 54.1% (95% CI, 35.9% - 66.6%), respectively. Twenty-seven patients could be evaluated for EGFR gene status (12, mutated;15, wild-type). The ORR for EGFR-mutated patients was 41.7%, while that for patients with wild-type EGFR was 13.3%. The median PFS was evaluated as 4.4 months (95% CI, 2.2 - 10.7 months). The median OS was 14.9 months (95% CI, 9.2 months - not reached). Common adverse events were tolerable skin toxicities, diarrhea, and stomatitis. In addition, interstitial lung disease occurred in 8.1% of patients. Conclusion: As efficacy and safety were similar to previous studies, erlotinib was found to be effective for Japanese patients with previously treated NSCLC in clinical practice.

Space Charge Effects in CSL Gauge——with previously assumed charge distribution

The "cascade static lens （CSL） gauge" has a high sensitivity（S） because the emitted electrons repeat the go and back oscillation before they are received by the electrodes. (S=18.6 Pa-1 (2480 Torr-1 in a

Induction of Labor with PGE2 after One Previous Cesarean Section: 18 Years Experience in a University Hospital

Objective: To review the outcome of prostaglandin induction of labor in term pregnant women with previous one ce-sarean section compared to those without previous Cesarean section. Design: 18 years retrospective review of hospital records and case note review of index cases. Setting: University hospital. Population: Three hundred and twenty two women who had their labor induced with prostaglandin E2. One hundred and sixty one women had one previous Ce-sarean section. Methods: This study was conducted at King Fahad University Hospital, University of Dammam. It is a tertiary referral center with approximately 2300 births per year. We searched the hospital's records of deliveries from January 1992 to December 2009 and reviewed all indications and outcomes of prostaglandin induction of labor in women with one previous Cesarean section. The control group was composed of women who had their labor induced with prostaglandin but without previous Cesarean section. Main outcome measures: Labor outcome and uterine rup-ture Results: Three hundred and twenty two women were included. All received prostaglandin E2 for induction of labor. One hundred and sixty one women had one previous Cesarean section (study group) and the rest had no previous Ce-sarean section (control group). There was no difference in the rate of vaginal delivery between study and control group, 68.3% and 79.5% (p value 0.3), respectively. The rate of uterine rupture was 30 times higher in study group (2.5% Vs 0.033%). Conclusion: In women with one previous Cesarean section, induction of labor with prostaglandin leads to comparable rate of vaginal delivery similar to those without prior Cesarean section but with relatively high risk of uter-ine rupture.

Measurements of the Lower Uterine Segment at Term in Women with Previous Cesarean Delivery

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of sonographic measurements of the lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness at term in predicting uterine scar defects in women with previous Cesarean delivery (CD). Methods: Eighty-nine pregnant women who underwent CD between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation from 2013 to 2015 were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups. Group A consisted of women with previous CD, and Group B consisted of women with previous vaginal deliveries. We performed an ultrasound evaluation of the myometrial and full thickness of LUS (mLUS and fLUS) transvaginally before a CD and evaluated the appearance of LUS during surgery, which was defined as follows: grade I, well-developed;grade II, thin without visible content;grade III, translucent with visible content;and grade IV, either dehiscence or rupture. Results: The median mLUS and fLUS were 1.50 and 4.07 mm in the group A, and 2.75 and 5.37 mm in the group B. We observed significant differences in the median mLUS and fLUS between grades I/II (2.07 and 4.37 mm) and grades III/IV (0.67 and 2.52 mm). Both mLUS and fLUS were predictive factors for grades III/IV and cutoff values were 0.97 mm of mLUS and 3.13 mm of fLUS, having a sensitivity of 87.5% and 75.0%, and a specificity of 87.7% and 91.4% in mLUS and fLUS measurement, respectively. Conclusion: Sonographic measurements of LUS at term may be a feasible and reliable method to predict uterine rupture or uterine dehiscence in women with prior CD.

Switch from previous major depression comorbid with CLIPPERS to mania-like episode following glucocorticosteroid therapy:a case report

Bipolar disorder is associated with high rates of general medical conditions, but few cases of overlap between bipolar disorder and chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids(CLIPPERS) have been reported in the current literature. The following is a case of a 29-year-old patient with a previous major depressive episode comorbid with CLIPPERS. Following glucocorticosteroid therapy, the patient switched to mania-like presentation and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder due to another medical condition. So it is strongly suggested that high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy could easily induce psychiatric disturbances for patients with previous psychiatric symptoms, and there may be potential links between bipolar disorder and CLIPPERS in the area of inflammation.

Previous ITU Exhibitions Reflect Tremendous Changes in China's Telecom Industry——Houlin Zhao, Deputy Secretary-General of ITU

The long-awaited ITU Telecom World 2006 is to open in Hong Kong. It is no doubt that the hosting of this pageant in Hong Kong proves the praise and recognition of the rapid development of China's telecom industry as well as the favor and support to Hong Kong, a world-class trade metropolis. At this opportunity, I'd like to extend my warm congratulations to the event together with readers of China Telecommunications Trade.

Ultrasonographic Monitoring of Previous Pregnant Corpus Luteum in Postpartum Cow

Sequential ultrasonograms of both ovaries were taken once a day in six postpartum Jersey cows with B-mode Ultrasound Scanner and the concentrations of progesterone in peripheral circulation of the cows were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The whole texture of the previous pregnant corpus luteum was clearly identified during the process of its regressing. The ppCL could be identified for a mean of 17±12.96 days with a range of 4 to 42 days. There were no significant correlation between the time that the ppCL could be identified and both the times to the first postpartum ovulation and the peripheral progesterone concentration.

2种蚜虫取食诱导棉花对棉长管蚜与棉蚜取食行为的影响

为研究棉长管蚜Acyrthosiphon gossypii与棉蚜Aphis gossypii对蚜虫取食诱导棉花的取食适应性,揭示取食诱导下两种蚜虫的取食竞争机制,采用刺探电位图谱技术(electrical penetration graph, EPG)测定在健康棉花、棉长管蚜或棉蚜诱导的棉花上取食6 h的棉长管蚜和棉蚜的16个重要参数,比较两种蚜虫的取食行为。研究发现:1)取食健康棉花时,棉蚜在木质部(G波)的取食持续总时间长于棉长管蚜,棉蚜在木质部的取食能力大于棉长管蚜,但二者在韧皮部的取食能力相差不大。2)取食棉长管蚜诱导的棉花时,棉蚜取食韧皮部(E2波)持续的总时间为(2 531.33±60.86)s,显著大于棉长管蚜E2波持续总时间[(2 196.00±98.91)s];取食棉蚜诱导的棉花时,棉蚜取食韧皮部、木质部持续的总时间显著长于棉长管蚜(P<0.05),说明棉蚜对于棉蚜诱导棉花的取食耐受性大于棉长管蚜。棉蚜对两种蚜虫取食诱导棉花的适应性更强,更易在竞争中取得优势。棉长管蚜与棉蚜取食棉长管蚜或棉蚜诱导棉花的F波持续总时间长于健康棉花,说明经取食诱导的棉花具有一定的抗虫性。

基于DO-178的机载软件重用方法研究

以DO-178B/C软件重用标准为基础,将先前开发软件分为已通过和未通过适航合格审定的PDS,构建了PDS软件的评估准则和评估方法,将PDS的评估结果与标准进行对照,能够快速定位PDS的重用要求和应采取的过程活动。实践表明,通过重用已通过适航合格审定的PDS软件的部分数据,可以有效提升软件开发效率。针对未通过适航合格审定的PDS软件重用,本文也提供了一种差距分析方法,对照分析PDS软件与目标要求的差距,用以评估所需的额外工作量。

Vorapaxar in patients with diabetes mellitus and previous myocardial infarction: Findings from the thrombin receptor antagonist in secondary prevention of atherothrombotic ischemic events-TIMI 50 trial

Background Vorapaxar reduces cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction （MI）, or stroke in patients with previous MI while increasing bleeding. Patients with diabetes mellitus （DM） are at high risk of recurrent thrombotic events despite standard therapy and may derive particular benefit from antithrombotic therapies. The Thrombin Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events-TIMI 50 trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vorapaxar in patients with stable atherosclerosis.

A better long-term outcome in cardiac transplant recipient with a history of previous open heart operations

Objective To investigate the effect of previous open heart operations (POHO) on the outcome of heart transplantation (HTX). Methods Between November 1984 and May 1996, HTX was performed on 151 patients at Hartford Hospital. Among them, 61 patients had previous open heart operations (POHO) (group A), and 90 did not (group B). The average follow up period was 1615±1185 days for group A and 1330±1125 days for group B. The recipient age was 55±10 years for group A and 48±12 years for group B (P<0.01). There were 17 patients (26%) in group A and 14 (50%) in group B who were over 60 years of age. There was more coronary artery disease (74% versus 37%, P <0.001) as etiology, and more diabetics in group A (P<0.02). Results The time for cardiopulmonary bypass (133±20 min versus 106±18 min, P<0.01) and aortic clamp time (73±16 min versus 61±13 min, P<0.01) were longer in group A. The operative mortality (within 30 days) was 0 and 2.2%, and the cumulative deaths were 16 (26%) and 43 (48%) respectively for group A and group B (P<0.01). The causes of death were (group A vs group B): infection (31% vs 26%), rejection (13% vs 28%, P<0.05), malignancy (25% vs 16%), cardiac event (6% vs 14%) and others (25% vs 16%). In patients over 60, there were 4 deaths (24%) in group A and 7 (50%) in group B. The difference was not significant. No patients died of rejection in this subgroup. The actuarial survival rates in group A versus group B were: 1 year, 93% versus 83%; 2 years, 85% versus 74%; 3 years, 81% versus 71%; 5 years, 76% versus 58%; and 10 years, 57 % versus 24% (P<0.01). Conclusion The survival rate in patients who had POHO is much higher than that in patients who had HTX as their primary operation.

Global warming: The aerosols cool the climate system via their effects on clouds much greater than previously estimated

With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,an international collaborative study led by Prof.Daniel Rosenfeld(The Hebrew University of Jerusalem),Dr.Zhu YanNian(Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province).Prof.Wang MingHuai(Nanjing University).

Pipeline for previously stented basilar trunk aneurysm:a case focusing on how the pipeline should be deployed

Background:Recurrent,previously stented basilar trunk aneurysms pose significant challenges to either microsurgical clipping or traditional endovascular treatment.We here presented an intriguing case that was successfully treated by the pipeline embolization device(PED;ev3/Covidien Neurovascular,Irvine,California,USA).Case presentation:A 62-year-old male found a recurrent aneurysm,which had been treated with coiling and stentassisted coiling before.The patient came to our center seeking for a third treatment.In our center,a single PED and additional coils were used to treat this refractory aneurysm.The whole length of the PED was delicately implanted in the previous Enterprise stent(Cordis Corporation,Miami FL,USA),which resembled the double-layer flow diverter FRED(Microvention,Tustin,California,USA).The inflow zone of the aneurysmal sac was further coiled considering that this aneurysm had ruptured.No procedure-related complications occurred.Follow-up angiogram at 6 months indicated that the intractable aneurysm was completely occluded and the patient was free from any neurologic deficit.Conclusions:This is a case that adds knowledge to improve the poor performance of flow diverters in previously stented aneurysms.However,future studies with larger group of patients are needed to further test the safety and efficacy of this technique.