Gemcitabine has been extensively applied in treating various solid tumors. Nonetheless,the clinical performance of gemcitabine is severely restricted by its unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters and easy deactivat...Gemcitabine has been extensively applied in treating various solid tumors. Nonetheless,the clinical performance of gemcitabine is severely restricted by its unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters and easy deactivation mainly because of its rapid deamination, deficiencies in deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), and alterations in nucleoside transporter. On this account, repeated injections with a high concentration of gemcitabine are adopted, leading to severe systemic toxicity to healthy cells. Accordingly, it is highly crucial to fabricate efficient gemcitabine delivery systems to obtain improved therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine. A large number of gemcitabine pro-drugs were synthesized by chemical modification of gemcitabine to improve its biostability and bioavailability. Besides,gemcitabine-loaded nano-drugs were prepared to improve the delivery efficiency. In this review article, we introduced different strategies for improving the therapeutic performance of gemcitabine by the fabrication of pro-drugs and nano-drugs. We hope this review will provide new insight into the rational design of gemcitabine-based delivery strategies for enhanced cancer therapy.展开更多
Immunotherapy combined with effective therapeutics such as chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy have been shown to be a successful strategy to activate anti-tumor immune responses for improved anticancer treatment.Ho...Immunotherapy combined with effective therapeutics such as chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy have been shown to be a successful strategy to activate anti-tumor immune responses for improved anticancer treatment.However,developing multifunctional biodegradable,biocompatible,low-toxic but highly efficient,and clinically available transformed nano-immunostimulants remains a challenge and is in great demand.Herein,we report and design of a novel carrier-free photo-chemotherapeutic nano-prodrug COS-BA/Ce6 NPs by combining three multifunctional components-a self-assembled natural small molecule betulinic acid(BA),a water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide(COS),and a low toxic photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)-to augment the antitumor efficacy of the immune adjuvant anti-PD-L1-mediated cancer immunotherapy.We show that the designed nanodrugs harbored a smart and distinctive“dormancy”characteristic in chemotherapeutic effect with desired lower cytotoxicity,and multiple favorable therapeutic features including improved^(1)O_(2)generation induced by the reduced energy gap of Ce6,pH-responsiveness,good biodegradability,and biocompatibility,ensuring a highly efficient,synergistic photochemotherapy.Moreover,when combined with anti-PD-L1 therapy,both nano-coassembly based chemotherapy and chemotherapy/photodynamic therapy(PDT)could effectively activate antitumor immunity when treating primary or distant tumors,opening up potentially attractive possibilities for clinical immunotherapy.展开更多
传统抗体偶联药物(antibody drug conjugates,ADC)通过将单克隆抗体与细胞毒性药物相结合,实现对癌细胞的精准打击,但在稳定性、靶向性、疗效及安全性等方面依然存在诸多不足。新型ADC,如双特异性、位点特异性、双有效载荷和前药型ADC,...传统抗体偶联药物(antibody drug conjugates,ADC)通过将单克隆抗体与细胞毒性药物相结合,实现对癌细胞的精准打击,但在稳定性、靶向性、疗效及安全性等方面依然存在诸多不足。新型ADC,如双特异性、位点特异性、双有效载荷和前药型ADC,通过同时结合2个不同抗原或表位、选择更稳定的连接子、与抗体特定氨基酸位点偶联、携带不同药物有效载荷以及采用前药策略等优化方法,在保留传统ADC作用特点的基础上,显著提高药物的稳定性、靶向性、疗效和安全性,能更好地满足临床治疗的需求。新型ADC可能会在未来的癌症治疗中发挥重要的作用。探讨新型ADC在癌症治疗中的进展并分析其优势与挑战,可为开发抗癌策略提供理论支持,为药物研发提供方向。展开更多
为了提高槲皮素的生物利用度以改善其抗肿瘤等活性,本论文根据其体内基本传递特性,利用前药原理成功设计合成了3个新型槲皮素磺酸酯衍生物(1,3～4),所有化合物的结构均经IR,MS,元素分析和1 H NMR等确证。对目标产物进行溶解度测定,发现...为了提高槲皮素的生物利用度以改善其抗肿瘤等活性,本论文根据其体内基本传递特性,利用前药原理成功设计合成了3个新型槲皮素磺酸酯衍生物(1,3～4),所有化合物的结构均经IR,MS,元素分析和1 H NMR等确证。对目标产物进行溶解度测定,发现三种目标化合物的脂溶性与水溶性均有显著的提高。展开更多
通过熔融缩聚法成功合成了一种主链含5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的可生物降解聚丁二酸丁二酯共聚物前药,采用红外分光光度法、核磁共振法和紫外分光光度法对共聚物结构进行了表征,并对共聚物的体外释药性能进行了初步试验。结果表明共聚物具有预...通过熔融缩聚法成功合成了一种主链含5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的可生物降解聚丁二酸丁二酯共聚物前药,采用红外分光光度法、核磁共振法和紫外分光光度法对共聚物结构进行了表征,并对共聚物的体外释药性能进行了初步试验。结果表明共聚物具有预期的结构并具有体外释药性,共聚物在p H 1.7的缓冲液中120 h最大释药率为80.3%。共聚物具有良好的降解性能和释药性能,可作为一种新颖的可生物降解药物缓释材料。展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52022090, 22005265, 82070739, 81870641)National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1106104)+3 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2020C03035)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. LQ20E030011)Zhejiang Medical Health Science and Technology Program (Grant No. 2021RC061)Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talents Program (2018R52001)。
文摘Gemcitabine has been extensively applied in treating various solid tumors. Nonetheless,the clinical performance of gemcitabine is severely restricted by its unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters and easy deactivation mainly because of its rapid deamination, deficiencies in deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), and alterations in nucleoside transporter. On this account, repeated injections with a high concentration of gemcitabine are adopted, leading to severe systemic toxicity to healthy cells. Accordingly, it is highly crucial to fabricate efficient gemcitabine delivery systems to obtain improved therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine. A large number of gemcitabine pro-drugs were synthesized by chemical modification of gemcitabine to improve its biostability and bioavailability. Besides,gemcitabine-loaded nano-drugs were prepared to improve the delivery efficiency. In this review article, we introduced different strategies for improving the therapeutic performance of gemcitabine by the fabrication of pro-drugs and nano-drugs. We hope this review will provide new insight into the rational design of gemcitabine-based delivery strategies for enhanced cancer therapy.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972040,81760708)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation Key Project(No.20192ACBL20028,China)。
文摘Immunotherapy combined with effective therapeutics such as chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy have been shown to be a successful strategy to activate anti-tumor immune responses for improved anticancer treatment.However,developing multifunctional biodegradable,biocompatible,low-toxic but highly efficient,and clinically available transformed nano-immunostimulants remains a challenge and is in great demand.Herein,we report and design of a novel carrier-free photo-chemotherapeutic nano-prodrug COS-BA/Ce6 NPs by combining three multifunctional components-a self-assembled natural small molecule betulinic acid(BA),a water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide(COS),and a low toxic photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)-to augment the antitumor efficacy of the immune adjuvant anti-PD-L1-mediated cancer immunotherapy.We show that the designed nanodrugs harbored a smart and distinctive“dormancy”characteristic in chemotherapeutic effect with desired lower cytotoxicity,and multiple favorable therapeutic features including improved^(1)O_(2)generation induced by the reduced energy gap of Ce6,pH-responsiveness,good biodegradability,and biocompatibility,ensuring a highly efficient,synergistic photochemotherapy.Moreover,when combined with anti-PD-L1 therapy,both nano-coassembly based chemotherapy and chemotherapy/photodynamic therapy(PDT)could effectively activate antitumor immunity when treating primary or distant tumors,opening up potentially attractive possibilities for clinical immunotherapy.
文摘传统抗体偶联药物(antibody drug conjugates,ADC)通过将单克隆抗体与细胞毒性药物相结合,实现对癌细胞的精准打击,但在稳定性、靶向性、疗效及安全性等方面依然存在诸多不足。新型ADC,如双特异性、位点特异性、双有效载荷和前药型ADC,通过同时结合2个不同抗原或表位、选择更稳定的连接子、与抗体特定氨基酸位点偶联、携带不同药物有效载荷以及采用前药策略等优化方法,在保留传统ADC作用特点的基础上,显著提高药物的稳定性、靶向性、疗效和安全性,能更好地满足临床治疗的需求。新型ADC可能会在未来的癌症治疗中发挥重要的作用。探讨新型ADC在癌症治疗中的进展并分析其优势与挑战,可为开发抗癌策略提供理论支持,为药物研发提供方向。
文摘通过熔融缩聚法成功合成了一种主链含5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的可生物降解聚丁二酸丁二酯共聚物前药,采用红外分光光度法、核磁共振法和紫外分光光度法对共聚物结构进行了表征,并对共聚物的体外释药性能进行了初步试验。结果表明共聚物具有预期的结构并具有体外释药性,共聚物在p H 1.7的缓冲液中120 h最大释药率为80.3%。共聚物具有良好的降解性能和释药性能,可作为一种新颖的可生物降解药物缓释材料。
