Defects in the endothelial cell barrier accompany diverse malfunctions of the central nervous system such as neurodegenerative diseases,stroke,traumatic brain injury,and systemic diseases such as sepsis,viral and bact...Defects in the endothelial cell barrier accompany diverse malfunctions of the central nervous system such as neurodegenerative diseases,stroke,traumatic brain injury,and systemic diseases such as sepsis,viral and bacterial infections,and cancer.Compromised endothelial sealing leads to leaking blood vessels,followed by vasogenic edema.Brain edema as the most common complication caused by stroke and traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death.Brain microvascular endothelial cells,together with astrocytes,pericytes,microglia,and neurons form a selective barrier,the so-called blood-brain barrier,which regulates the movement of molecules inside and outside of the brain.Mechanisms that regulate blood-brain barrier permeability in health and disease are complex and not fully understood.Several newly discovered molecules that are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in brain microvascular endothelial cells have been described in the literature in recent years.One of these molecules that are highly expressed in brain microvascular endothelial cells is protocadherin gamma C3.In this review,we discuss recent evidence that protocadherin gamma C3 is a newly identified key player involved in the regulation of vascular barrier function.展开更多
In adult mammals, axon regeneration after central nervous system injury is very poor, resulting in persistent functional loss. Enhancing the ability of axonal outgrowth may be a potential treatment strategy because ma...In adult mammals, axon regeneration after central nervous system injury is very poor, resulting in persistent functional loss. Enhancing the ability of axonal outgrowth may be a potential treatment strategy because mature neurons of the adult central nervous system may retain the intrinsic ability to regrow axons after injury. The protocadherin （Pcdh） clusters are thought to function in neuronal morphogenesis and in the assembly of neural circuitry in the brain. We cultured primary hippocampal neurons from E17.5 Pcdhα deletion （del-α） mouse embryos. After culture for 1 day, axon length was obviously shorter in del-α neurons compared with wild-type neurons. RNA sequencing of hippocampal E17.5 RNA showed that expression levels of BDNF, Fmod, Nrp2, OGN, and Sema3d, which are associated with axon extension, were significantly down-regulated in the absence of the Pcdhα gene cluster. Using transmission electron microscopy, the ratio of myelinated nerve fibers in the axons of del-α hippocampal neurons was significantly decreased; myelin sheaths of P21 Pcdhα-del mice showed lamellar disorder, discrete appearance, and vacuoles. These results indicate that the Pcdhα cluster can promote the growth and myelination of axons in the neurodevelopmental stage.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the methylation status of the PCDH8 (Protocadherin-8) gene in gastric cancer tissues and find out the relationship between methylation status of the PCDH8 and clinicopathological features in ...Objective: To investigate the methylation status of the PCDH8 (Protocadherin-8) gene in gastric cancer tissues and find out the relationship between methylation status of the PCDH8 and clinicopathological features in gastric cancer patients. Methods: We first investigated the methylation status of the PCDH8 (Protocadherin-8) gene in 65 gastric cancer and detected aberrant promoter methylation in gastric cancers; and then analyzed he relationship between methylation status of the PCDH8 and clinicopathological status with SPSS 13.0 software. Results: We first investigated the methylation status of the PCDH8 (Protocadherin-8) gene in 65 gastric cancer and detected aberrant promoter methylation in 36 of 65 (55.4%) gastric cancers. There was no significant difference in the distribution of patients with methylation or unmethylation of PCDH8 in terms of age, sex, tumor size, distant metastasis, or TNM stage. Methylation of PCDH8 was significantly correlated to negative pathological lymph node metastasis (P=0.038) and tumor differentiation (P=0.01). These two factors were proved to be of prognostic importance. Conclusion: Methylated PCDH8 seems to have a trend for worse prognosis in gastric cancer. However, a further large series of tumor samples and a longer follow-up period are required to elucidate its potential role.展开更多
There are more than a thousand trillion specific synaptic connections in the human brain and over a million new specific connections are formed every second during the early years of life. The assembly of these stagge...There are more than a thousand trillion specific synaptic connections in the human brain and over a million new specific connections are formed every second during the early years of life. The assembly of these staggeringly complex neuronal circuits requires specific cell-surface molecular tags to endow each neuron with a unique identity code to discriminate self from non-self. The clustered protocadherin(Pcdh) genes, which encode a tremendous diversity of cell-surface assemblies, are candidates for neuronal identity tags. We describe the adaptive evolution,genomic structure, and regulation of expression of the clustered Pcdhs. We specifically focus on the emerging3-D architectural and biophysical mechanisms that generate an enormous number of diverse cell-surface Pcdhs as neural codes in the brain.展开更多
目的探讨环状RNA circATP2B1对胃癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法收集2018年7月至2021年2月福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院胃肠肝胆外科行手术切除并病理学诊断的44例胃癌组织标本及癌旁组织标本。选取4株胃癌细胞系(SGC...目的探讨环状RNA circATP2B1对胃癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法收集2018年7月至2021年2月福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院胃肠肝胆外科行手术切除并病理学诊断的44例胃癌组织标本及癌旁组织标本。选取4株胃癌细胞系(SGC7901、HS-746T、MGC803、BGC823)和正常胃黏膜上皮细胞系(GES-1)。RT-qPCR检测胃癌组织和细胞系中circATP2B1表达。将circATP2B1表达最低的胃癌细胞分为对照组(转染阴性对照质粒)和实验组(转染circATP2B1过表达质粒)。分别采用MTT法和Transwell小室法检测各组胃癌细胞的增殖活性和侵袭能力。生物信息学和双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析circATP2B1可能的作用机制,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测circATP2B1下游基因的表达。结果胃癌组织circATP2B1表达量显著低于癌旁组织(0.92±0.08 vs 3.62±0.23,P<0.01)。胃癌细胞系circATP2B1表达量均显著低于GES-1细胞(P<0.01),其中以HS-746T细胞的表达量最低(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,实验组HS-746T细胞的增殖活性显著降低(P<0.05),侵袭能力显著下降(P<0.01)。生物信息学和双荧光素酶报告基因实验显示circATP2B1可靶向结合miR-452-5p(P<0.01),miR-452-5p可靶向结合原钙黏附蛋白9(PCDH9)(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,实验组HS-746T细胞miR-452-5p表达显著下降(1.00±0.04 vs 0.24±0.05,P<0.01),PCDH9基因表达显著上升(P<0.01)。结论circATP2B1在胃癌组织和细胞系中低表达,circATP2B1通过靶向结合miR-452-5p正调控PCDH9基因表达,进而降低胃癌HS-746T细胞增殖和侵袭能力。展开更多
文摘Defects in the endothelial cell barrier accompany diverse malfunctions of the central nervous system such as neurodegenerative diseases,stroke,traumatic brain injury,and systemic diseases such as sepsis,viral and bacterial infections,and cancer.Compromised endothelial sealing leads to leaking blood vessels,followed by vasogenic edema.Brain edema as the most common complication caused by stroke and traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death.Brain microvascular endothelial cells,together with astrocytes,pericytes,microglia,and neurons form a selective barrier,the so-called blood-brain barrier,which regulates the movement of molecules inside and outside of the brain.Mechanisms that regulate blood-brain barrier permeability in health and disease are complex and not fully understood.Several newly discovered molecules that are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in brain microvascular endothelial cells have been described in the literature in recent years.One of these molecules that are highly expressed in brain microvascular endothelial cells is protocadherin gamma C3.In this review,we discuss recent evidence that protocadherin gamma C3 is a newly identified key player involved in the regulation of vascular barrier function.
基金supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China,No.12441900702
文摘In adult mammals, axon regeneration after central nervous system injury is very poor, resulting in persistent functional loss. Enhancing the ability of axonal outgrowth may be a potential treatment strategy because mature neurons of the adult central nervous system may retain the intrinsic ability to regrow axons after injury. The protocadherin （Pcdh） clusters are thought to function in neuronal morphogenesis and in the assembly of neural circuitry in the brain. We cultured primary hippocampal neurons from E17.5 Pcdhα deletion （del-α） mouse embryos. After culture for 1 day, axon length was obviously shorter in del-α neurons compared with wild-type neurons. RNA sequencing of hippocampal E17.5 RNA showed that expression levels of BDNF, Fmod, Nrp2, OGN, and Sema3d, which are associated with axon extension, were significantly down-regulated in the absence of the Pcdhα gene cluster. Using transmission electron microscopy, the ratio of myelinated nerve fibers in the axons of del-α hippocampal neurons was significantly decreased; myelin sheaths of P21 Pcdhα-del mice showed lamellar disorder, discrete appearance, and vacuoles. These results indicate that the Pcdhα cluster can promote the growth and myelination of axons in the neurodevelopmental stage.
文摘Objective: To investigate the methylation status of the PCDH8 (Protocadherin-8) gene in gastric cancer tissues and find out the relationship between methylation status of the PCDH8 and clinicopathological features in gastric cancer patients. Methods: We first investigated the methylation status of the PCDH8 (Protocadherin-8) gene in 65 gastric cancer and detected aberrant promoter methylation in gastric cancers; and then analyzed he relationship between methylation status of the PCDH8 and clinicopathological status with SPSS 13.0 software. Results: We first investigated the methylation status of the PCDH8 (Protocadherin-8) gene in 65 gastric cancer and detected aberrant promoter methylation in 36 of 65 (55.4%) gastric cancers. There was no significant difference in the distribution of patients with methylation or unmethylation of PCDH8 in terms of age, sex, tumor size, distant metastasis, or TNM stage. Methylation of PCDH8 was significantly correlated to negative pathological lymph node metastasis (P=0.038) and tumor differentiation (P=0.01). These two factors were proved to be of prognostic importance. Conclusion: Methylated PCDH8 seems to have a trend for worse prognosis in gastric cancer. However, a further large series of tumor samples and a longer follow-up period are required to elucidate its potential role.
基金supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630039 and 31700666)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017YFA0504203 and 2018YFC1004504)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19JC1412500)。
文摘There are more than a thousand trillion specific synaptic connections in the human brain and over a million new specific connections are formed every second during the early years of life. The assembly of these staggeringly complex neuronal circuits requires specific cell-surface molecular tags to endow each neuron with a unique identity code to discriminate self from non-self. The clustered protocadherin(Pcdh) genes, which encode a tremendous diversity of cell-surface assemblies, are candidates for neuronal identity tags. We describe the adaptive evolution,genomic structure, and regulation of expression of the clustered Pcdhs. We specifically focus on the emerging3-D architectural and biophysical mechanisms that generate an enormous number of diverse cell-surface Pcdhs as neural codes in the brain.
文摘目的探讨环状RNA circATP2B1对胃癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法收集2018年7月至2021年2月福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院胃肠肝胆外科行手术切除并病理学诊断的44例胃癌组织标本及癌旁组织标本。选取4株胃癌细胞系(SGC7901、HS-746T、MGC803、BGC823)和正常胃黏膜上皮细胞系(GES-1)。RT-qPCR检测胃癌组织和细胞系中circATP2B1表达。将circATP2B1表达最低的胃癌细胞分为对照组(转染阴性对照质粒)和实验组(转染circATP2B1过表达质粒)。分别采用MTT法和Transwell小室法检测各组胃癌细胞的增殖活性和侵袭能力。生物信息学和双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析circATP2B1可能的作用机制,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测circATP2B1下游基因的表达。结果胃癌组织circATP2B1表达量显著低于癌旁组织(0.92±0.08 vs 3.62±0.23,P<0.01)。胃癌细胞系circATP2B1表达量均显著低于GES-1细胞(P<0.01),其中以HS-746T细胞的表达量最低(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,实验组HS-746T细胞的增殖活性显著降低(P<0.05),侵袭能力显著下降(P<0.01)。生物信息学和双荧光素酶报告基因实验显示circATP2B1可靶向结合miR-452-5p(P<0.01),miR-452-5p可靶向结合原钙黏附蛋白9(PCDH9)(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,实验组HS-746T细胞miR-452-5p表达显著下降(1.00±0.04 vs 0.24±0.05,P<0.01),PCDH9基因表达显著上升(P<0.01)。结论circATP2B1在胃癌组织和细胞系中低表达,circATP2B1通过靶向结合miR-452-5p正调控PCDH9基因表达,进而降低胃癌HS-746T细胞增殖和侵袭能力。
