一步法RT-PCR扩增PRSV海南分离物全长基因组cDNA

以植物总RNA提取试剂盒提取的高纯度的总RNA为模板,使用Oligo dT-Adaptor和Random9引物合成了番木瓜环斑病病毒海南分离物(PRSV HN-2)的cDNA第一链,基于已报道的PRSV全长基因组序列,设计合成了一对引物,一步法RT-PCR扩增出PRSV海南分离物全长基因组cDNA。为了验证获得的全长基因组cDNA的正确性,并以扩增出的全长cDNA为模板,将PRSV全长基因组分成A、B 2个大片段进行扩增,应用T载体进行克隆和测序以验证所获得的全长基因组cDNA序列的正确性。测序结果显示,该cDNA序列与国内外报道的PRSV各分离物全长核苷酸序列的相似性很高,表明本文建立的一步法RT-PCR扩增PRSV全长基因组cDNA的方法正确、可行。

接种PRSV番木瓜种苗胞质酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建与分析

利用Trizol法提取接种PRSV 4 d的番木瓜种苗总RNA,分离纯化mRNA,反转录合成双链cDNA,双链cDNA末端经Pfu-DNA聚合酶补平,与EcoR I接头连接,XhoI酶切消化产生粘端。用Sepharose CL-2B柱分离纯化去除小分子cDNA片段,再与pMyr酵母表达载体连接,转化受体菌XL10-Gold,构建了接种PRSV番木瓜种苗胞质酵母双杂交cDNA文库。所获得的原始文库的克隆总数为1.8×106cfu,重组率为100%,文库滴度为2.6×109cfu/mL。对随机选取的34个克隆进行PCR鉴定,结果表明插入片段长度均大于0.5 kb且集中在1 kb左右。文库质量鉴定结果表明,该文库具有较好的库容量、较高的重组率以及较大的插入片段。

Construction and Quality Analysis of Full-length cDNA Library of Phyllostachys heterocycla Germinating Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to construct the full-length cDNA library by using Oligo-capping method. [Result] The constructed library has a total capacity of 6.5×10^6 recombinant clones, and a low proportion of clones without inserted frag- ments; the size of inserted fragments ranges between 0.3-5.0 kb, with strict classifi- cation and ideal consistency. Furthermore, the proportion of clones harboring long in- serted fragments （1.0-5.0 kb） is as high as 30%, achieving the standard for high- quality full-length cDNA library. [Conclusion] The full-length cDNA library of germinat- ing seeds of P. heterocycla was successfully constructed, which laid important foun- dation for the functional genomics research of bamboo plants.

Construction of a Normalized Full-Length cDNA Library of Sesame Developing Seed by DSN and SMART^(TM)

Sesame （Sesamue indicum L.） is one of the most important oilseed crops with high oil yield. Here, we described a simple and efficient method for constructing a normalized cDNA library from a high oil content cultivar of sesame Zhongzhi 14, during its oil accumulation stages. It combined switching mechanism at 5？end of RNA transcript （SMART） technique and duplex-specific nuclease （DSN） normalization methods. Double-stranded cDNAs were synthesized from mRNAs, processed by normalization and Sfi I restriction endonuclease, and finally the cDNAs were ligated to pDNR-LIB vector. The ligation mixture was transformed into Escherichia coli DH10B by electroporation. The capacity of the library was 1.0？06 clones in this library. Gel electrophoresis results indicated the fragments ranged from 700 to 2 000 bp, with the average size of 1 800 bp. Random picking clones showed that the recombination rate was 100%. The results showed that the cDNA library constructed successfully was a full-length library with high quality, and could be used to screen the genes related to development of oil synthesis.

Cloning and Sequencing of a Full-Length cDNA Encoding the RuBPCase Small Subunit (RbcS) in Tea (Camellia sinensis)

This study was aimed to isolate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit （RbcS） from tea plant [Camellia sinensis （L.） O. Kuntze]. In the study of transcriptional profiling of gene expression from tea flower bud development stage by cDNA-AFLP （cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism）, we have isolated some transcript-derived fragments （TDFs） occurring in both the young and mature flower bud. One of them showed a high degree of similarity to RbcS. Based on the fragment, the full length of RbcS with 769-bp （EF011075） cDNA was obtained via rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）. It contained an open reading frame of 176 amino acids consisting of a chloroplast transit peptide with 52 amino acids and a mature protein of 124 amino acids. The amino acids sequence presented a high identity to those of other plant RbcS genes. It also contains three conserved domains and a protein kinase C phosphorylation site, one tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site and two N-myristoylation sites. Analysis by RT-PCR showed that the expression of RbcS in tea from high to low was leaf, young stem, young flower bud and mature flower bud, respectively. The isolation of the tea Rubisco small subunit gene establishes a good foundation for further study on the photosynthesis of tea plant.

Generation and Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags(ESTs) from Muscle Full-Length cDNA Library of Wujin Pig

Porcine skeletal muscle genes play a major role in determining muscle growth and meat quality. Construction of a full-length cDNA library is an effective way to understand the expression of functional genes in muscle tissues. In addition, novel genes for further research could be identified in the library. In this study, we constructed a full-length cDNA library from porcine muscle tissue. The estimated average size of the cDNA inserts was 1 076 bp, and the cDNA fullness ratio was 86.2%. A total of 1 058 unique sequences with 342 contigs （32.3%） and 716 singleton （67.7%） expressed sequence tags （EST） were obtained by clustering and assembling. Meanwhile, 826 （78.1%） ESTs were categorized as known genes, and 232 （21.9%） ESTs were categorized as unknown genes. 65 novel porcine genes that exhibit no identity in the TIGR gene index of Sus scrofa and 124 full-length sequences with unknown functions were deposited in the dbEST division of GenBank （accession numbers： EU650784-EU650788, GE843306, GH228978-GH229100）. The abundantly expressed genes in porcine muscle tissue were related to muscle fiber development, energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Gene ontology analysis showed that sequences expressed in porcine muscle tissue contained a high percentage of binding activity, catalytic activity, structural molecule activity and motor activity, which involved mainly in metabolic, cellular and developmental process, distributed mainly in intracellular region. The sequence data generated in this study would provide valuable information for identifying porcine genes expressed in muscle tissue and help to advance the study on the structure and function of genes in pigs.

海南番木瓜环斑病毒全长cDNA克隆及其侵染性克隆构建

为了从分子水平上解析番木瓜环斑病毒（Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV）的致病机理,寻找广谱、有效的抗病毒新策略,培育具有应用前景的抗病新品种,利用RT-PCR和快速cDNA末端扩增技术（RACE）对引起番木瓜环斑病毒病的PRSV海南海口分离物（PRSV-HN2）的基因组cDNA进行了全序列测定。PRSV-HN2全长cDNA包含10 326 nt（不包括3′端的polyA,Gen Bank登录号为KF791028）,能编码3 346个氨基酸。对PRSV-HN2基因组核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列进行了结构和功能分析,结果表明,其与其它23个PRSV分离物的核酸序列相似度达81%-91%,氨基酸相似度为88%-94%。利用酵母同源重组系统成功构建其侵染性克隆载体并通过农杆菌转化与侵染,最终获得其侵染性克隆。这为在分子水平上研究PRSV遗传变异、侵染及致病机理奠定理论基础。

Dot-Blot Hybridization for Detection of Five Cucurbit Viruses by Digoxigenin-Labelled cDNA Probes

Dot-blot hybridization was applied in this paper to detect five viruses infecting cucurbitaceous crops, Zuccini yellow mosaic virus （ZYMV）, Watermelon mosaic virus （WMV）, Cucumber mosaic virus （CMV）, Papaya ringspot viruswatermelon strain （PRSV-W） and Squash mosaic virus （SqMV）, as a good alternative assay in seed health test and epidemiological and transgenic research. Digoxigenin-labelled cDNA probes of the five viruses were synthesized by PCR with the specific primers and applied in dot-blot hybridization to detect five viruses in crude extraction of the infected leaves. And three SqMV probes of different lengths （0.55, 1.6, and 2.7 kb, respectively） were designed to investigate the effect of hybridization. The results showed that the sensitivity for detecting the crude extraction of infected leaves by ZYMV, WMV, CMV, PRSV-W, and SqMV was down to 1：160, 1：160, 1：320, 1：160, and 1：320, respectively. Three SqMV probes of different length showed no differences on the sensitivity and specificity. The digoxigenin-labelled probes prepared by PCR could be used for accurate and rapid identification of 5 viruses infecting cucurbitaceous crops with good stabilities, sensitivities, specificity, and reproducibilifies.

Amplification of the Full-Length PAMP Gene and Difference of the mRNA Expression Among Three Lean Pig Breeds

To understand the function of porcine adipocyte-special membrane protein （PAMP） gene and the difference of fat deposition ability among various lean pig breeds, a full-length porcine adipocyte-special membrane protein （PAMP） gene was successfully amplified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and 5＇-rapid amplification of cDNA end （5＇-RACE）. The open reading frame was 1 587 bp encoding 529 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence of the fulllength PAMP gene was deposited in the GenBank under the accession number EF433431. The PAMP gene mRNA expression was analyzed on three lean pig breeds by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （QRTPCR）. The PAMP gene mRNA levels in YHM （Yorkshire × Hampshire × Meishan） pig and DLY （Duroc × Landrance × Yorkshire） pig were about 0.82 and 0.38 times of that in SW （Shanxi-White） pig, respectively.

地高辛标记探针检测5种葫芦科作物病毒的斑点杂交方法

【目的】探索5种葫芦科作物病毒即小西葫芦黄花叶病毒(Zuccini yellow mosaic virus,ZYMV)、西瓜花叶病毒(Watermelon mosaic virus,WMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、番木瓜环斑病毒西瓜株系(Papaya ringspot viruswatermelon strain,PRSV-W)和南瓜花叶病毒(Squash mosaic virus,SqMV)的斑点杂交检测技术,为葫芦科作物种子带毒的快速准确鉴定、流行病学研究和转基因检测等提供技术和方法。【方法】以构建的重组质粒为模板,用PCR方法合成了相应的地高辛标记的cDNA探针。通过斑点杂交检测西葫芦病叶汁液来考察探针的灵敏性和特异性。同时设计了3种不同长度的SqMV探针(0.55、1.6、2.7kb)对杂交效果进行了研究。【结果】ZYMV、WMV、CMV、PRSV-W和SqMV的5种探针检测各自侵染西葫芦病汁液的稀释低限分别为1﹕160、1﹕160、1﹕320、1﹕160、1﹕320,而每种探针与健康西葫芦和其它4种病毒的反应均为阴性。不同长度的SqMV探针杂交结果相同。【结论】用PCR方法合成的地高辛标记的探针,能够直接在植物组织中将5种病毒检测出来,具有较好的灵敏性、特异性和重复性。探针的长度对杂交的灵敏性和特异性没有影响。

Development of an Improved DNA-launched Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Reverse Genetics System

[Objective] This study was to improve the virus replication efficiency of full length infectious cDNA clones by making use of the ribozyme＇s self incision property.[Method] By employing three-step PCR,HDV ribozyme（HdvRz）cDNA was isolated,and cloned into the downstream flanking the genome of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,and into which the bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence（BGH）was inserted via enzyme digestion and ligation,yielding pAPRRS-HB.The newly constructed pAPRRS-HB was used to transfect MARC-145 cells,in which the N protein and non-structural protein（nsp2）were determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay after 72 h of expression;meanwhile the virus titer of cell supernatant was tested using TCID50 assay.[Result] pAPRRS-HB containing complete infectious PRRSV cDNA has been successfully developed,and it performed about 10-fold higher virus rescue rate than pAPRRS without the engineered ribozyme element.[Conclusion] The results laid a foundation for revealing the structure and function of PRRSV gene.

Cloning of Proteinase Inhibitor Gene StPI in Diploid Potato and Its Expression Analysis

A full-length cDNA of proteinase inhibitor gene with completed open reading frame of 116 amino acids was cloned from Ralstonia solanacearum （Rs） resistant potato leaves using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） method and designated as StPI. BLAST search against NCBI showed that the StPI gene shared 89% identity with potato proteinase inhibitor I precursor in nucleotide and 74% in amino acid. Analysis of semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicated that this gene was induced by Rs as well as up-regulated by jasmonic acid （JA）. The StPI gene expression reached the highest level during 6-12 h post Rs-inoculation or JA-treatment, and then leveled off. Moreover, this gene was strongly induced by JA and its mRNA accumulation increased more quickly than that of Rs-inoculation. The StPI gene may play a role in potato resistance against Rs. The induction of StPI by Rs invasion may have a similar signal transduction pathway with JA treatment.

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of Lily- type lectin (SmLTL) in turbot Scophthalmus maximus, and its response to Vibrio anguillarum

A full-length lily-type lectin （SmLTL） was identified from turbot （Scophthalmus maximus） in this study. By searching database for protein identification and fimction prediction, SmLTL were confirmed. The full-length cDNA of SmLTL is composed of 569 bp and contains a 339 bp ORF that encodes 112 amino acid residues. The SmLTL peptide is characterized by a specific J3-prism architecture and contains three mannose binding sites in a three-fold internal repeat between amino acids 30-99; two of the repeats share the classical mannose binding domain （QxDxNxVxY） while the third binding site was similar to other fish-specific binding motifs （TxTxGxRxV）. The primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of SmLTL were predicted and analyzed, indicating that the SmLTL protein was hydrophilic, contained 5.36% a-helices, 39.29% extended strands, 16.07% [3-folds, and 39.29% random coils, and three [3-folds. Quantitative real- time polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） analysis revealed that the SmLTL mRNA was abundantly expressed in skin, gill, and intestine. Low levels of SmLTL expression were observed in other tissues. The expression of SmLTL in gill, skin and intestine increased at mRNA level after stimulation of Hbrio anguillarum, our results suggest that SmLTL serve as the first line of defence against microbial infections and play a pivotal role in the innate mucosal immune system. The current study indicates that SmLTL is a member of the lily- type lectin family and the information reported here will provide an important foundation for future research on the role of this protein.

cDNA microarray in isolation of novel differentially expressed genes related to human glioma and clone of a novel full- length gene

Background This investigation was undertaken to obtain differentially expressed genes related to human glioma using cDNA microarray and the characterization of one novel full-length gene. Methods Total RNA was extracted from human glioma tissues and normal brain tissues, and mRNA was used to make probes. After hybridization and washing, the results were scanned using a computer system. The gene named 681F05 clone was an expressed gene to human glioma through four-time hybridization and scanning. Subsequently northern blot analysis was performed by northern blot, 5’RACE and bioinformatics. Results Fifteen differentially expressed genes to human glioma were obtained through four-time hybridization and scanning. Northern blot analysis confirmed that 681F05 clone was low-expressed in human brain tissues and over-expressed in human glioma tissues. The analysis of BLASTn and BLASTx showed that 681F05 clone is two cDNA clones encoding two novel proteins that are highly identified to the cyclophilin isoform 10 of C. Elgans, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed the two cDNA clones are two different splicing variants of a novel cycophilin-like gene (PPIL3a and PPIL3b).Conclusions cDNA microarray technology can be successfully used to identify differentially expressed genes. The novel full-length gene of human PPIL3 may be correlated with the formation of human glioma.

A large-scale gene discovery for the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）

The red palm weevil （RPW; Rhynchophorusferrugineus） is a devastating pest of palms, prevalent in the Middle East as well as many other regions of the world. Here, we report a large-scale de novo complementary DNA （cDNA） sequencing effort that acquired ~5 million reads and assembled them into 26 765 contigs from 12 libraries made from samples of different RPW developmental stages based on the Roche/454 GS FLX platform. We annotated these contigs based on the publically available known insect genes and the Tribolium castaneum genome assembly. We find that over 80% of coding sequences （CDS） from the RPW contigs have high-identity homologs to known proteins with complete CDS. Gene expression analysis shows that the pupa and larval stages have the highest and lowest expression levels, respectively. In addition, we also identified more than 60 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 1 200 simple sequence repeat markers. This study provides the first large-scale eDNA dataset for RPW, a much-needed resource for future molecular studies.