Fabrication and characterization of GNPs and CNTs reinforced Al7075 matrix composites through the stir casting process

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates(GNPs)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites.By increasing the volume fraction of rein-forcements,the fraction of porosity increased.The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the Al7075 changed the dominant crystal orientation from(002)to(111).Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also showed the distribution of clustered reinforcements in the matrix.Between the two reinforcements,the addition of CNTs generated a lower fraction of porosities.Through the addition of 0.52vol%GNPs into the matrix,the hardness,ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation increased by 44%,32%,and 180%,respectively.Meanwhile,the presence of 0.71vol%CNTs in the matrix increased the hardness,tensile strength and uniform elongation by 108%,129%,and 260%,respectively.

CNTs对多道次低温轧制Mg-2Zn合金板材动态再结晶及力学性能的影响

采用多道次轧制技术制备了不同碳纳米管(CNTs)含量的Mg-2Zn基复合材料板材,利用EBSD、TEM等技术研究了板材的微观组织演变规律,结合拉伸实验分析了板材的强化机理。结果表明:在轧制过程中晶界处的CNTs能够阻碍位错运动,使位错在晶界处堆积,导致局部应力集中,促进变形孪晶的产生。变形孪晶诱发动态再结晶(DRX)发生,在孪晶内和孪晶界区域发剧烈的动态再结晶(DRX),导致终态高CNTs含量(CNTs含量为0.6%)的板材的基面织构强度趋弱。CNTs主要影响了板材的织构状态,随着CNTs含量的增加,板材的(0001)基面强度逐渐降低,从轧向(RD)向横向(TD)劈裂,降低了基面织构的强度。在CNTs、细晶和织构强化下,0.4%CNTs/Mg-2Zn复合材料的抗拉强度为283 MPa、屈服强度为260 MPa、伸长率为4%。

Deformation behaviors and processing maps of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

Deformation behaviors of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by the method of flake powder metallurgy were investigated by hot compression tests, which were performed in the temperature range of 300?550 °C and strain rate range of 0.001? 10 s?1 with Gleeble?3500 thermal simulator system. Processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains were calculated to study the optimum processing domain. Microstructures before and after hot compressions were characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. Stress?strain curves indicate that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate and the decrease of temperature. The processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains show that the optimum processing domain is 500?550 °C, 10 s?1 for hot working. EBSD analysis demonstrates that fully dynamic recrystallization occurs in the optimum processing domain (high strainrate 10 s?1), whereas the main soften mechanism is dynamic recovery at low strain rate (0.001 s?1).

球磨方式对CNTs/Al复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用湿法球磨和干法球磨两种方式制备碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)和铝的复合粉体,再使用放电等离子烧结结合热挤压的工艺制备碳纳米管增强铝基(CNTs/Al)复合材料,系统研究了制备工艺-组织结构-材料性能之间的关系。结果表明,相较于干法球磨,湿法球磨可以更好地分散碳纳米管,且显著减少对其结构的破坏;乙醇球磨介质具有冷却作用,在减少粉体冷焊的同时有助于细化Al基体晶粒,从而使复合材料获得出色的力学性能。乙醇湿法球磨6 h后烧结并热挤压的2%CNTs/Al复合材料抗拉强度达到207 MPa。

CNTs/Cu层状复合材料的制备及其组织和性能研究

采用扩散结合法将分散后的碳纳米管附着在铜箔表面,经裁剪、堆叠和预压后使用真空热压烧结炉进行烧结,制备出具有优良导电性的CNTs/Cu层状复合材料。使用SEM、EDS和XRD等对样品的微观形貌和成分进行表征,使用显微硬度计和导电率检测仪等对样品性能进行测试。结果表明:在热压烧结过程中,一定量铜扩散到CNTs层中,有效改善了碳纳米管层和铜层的结合能力。相比于纯铜,CNTs/Cu层状复合材料在硬度提高45%的同时,在平行于碳纳米管层方向导电率达到91%IACS,而垂直于碳纳米管层方向也仍具有80.6%IACS的导电率。

烧结温度对CNTs/Cu复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

采用电泳沉积法在铜箔上沉积碳纳米管,层层堆叠后在不同烧结温度(550,650,750,850,950℃)下热压烧结制备碳纳米管增强铜基(CNTs/Cu)复合材料,研究了烧结温度对复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度升高,复合材料中孔隙的数量减少,尺寸减小,碳纳米管分布均匀性增大,铜晶粒尺寸增大,退火孪晶晶粒尺寸增大但数量减少;随着烧结温度升高,复合材料的抗拉强度和显微硬度均呈先减小后增大的趋势,断后伸长率变化呈非单调性变化;当烧结温度为650℃时,复合材料的抗拉强度和显微硬度适中,断后伸长率最大,综合力学性能最好。

CeO_(2)/BiOBr/CNTs催化剂的制备及其降解抗生素性能研究

采用水热法合成了CeO_(2)、CeO_(2)/BiOBr、CeO_(2)/CNTs和CeO_(2)/BiOBr/CNTs复合纳米材料催化剂,利用XRD、SEM、BET和UV-Vis等方法对材料的结构、形貌和织构特性进行表征。在长弧氙灯照射下模拟太阳可见光降解抗生素,研究复合纳米材料的光催化氧化性能。结果表明,CeO_(2)与BiOBr、CNTs间的协同作用导致其对土霉素降解效果优于CeO_(2);CeO_(2)/BiOBr/CNTs对抗生素和可见光具有更高的吸收性能,比CeO_(2)/BiOBr和CeO_(2)/CNTs有更高的降解效率。在弱碱性环境下生成活性基团·OH,复合材料催化效果较好。复合材料禁带宽度都在可见光范围内,CeO_(2)的复合提高了材料的光利用效率,增强了材料的吸附性和电子-空穴对的迁移效率,进而提高其光催化活性。回收脱附实验表明,CeO_(2)/BiOBr/CNTs复合材料具有较好的稳定性。

定位夹具对CNTs/6061Al复合材料超声波焊接接头质量影响研究

采用超声波焊接制备CNTs增强铝基复合材料,针对超声波焊接定位不准,接头搭接面不贴合等问题,基于定位夹具以保证焊接过程质量,在工艺参数组合焊接能量500J,焊接压力0.45MPa,焊接振幅35μm下进行焊接试验。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等对接头界面组织和成分进行了研究,并对焊接接头进行了剪切力和硬度测试。结果表明:在定位夹具下焊接的接头界面发生明显塑性且CNTs在铝基体扩散较好,接头强度显著提升,剪切力平均值达到786.55N、硬度为72HV,本研究对现有的有色金属超声波焊接制造工艺提出一种新的解决思路和方案,具有一定的工程应用价值和经济效益。

Si/Cu3_Si@C Composite Encapsulated in CNTs Network as High Performance Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries

Si/Cu3Si@C composites encapsulated in CNTs network(SCC-CNTs) were synthesized via the combination of ball-milling and CVD methods. SCC-CNTs consist of conductive Cu3Si, amorphous carbon layer, cross-linked CNTs, and the etched pores, which can play the synergistic effects on the improvement of electronic conductivity and Li^+ diffusion. The volume expansion of Si anode is also suppressed during the electrochemical process. The SCC-CNTs composites demonstrate a remarkably improved electrochemical performance compared with pure Si, which can deliver a discharge capacity of 2 171 mAh·g^-1 at 0.4 A·g^-1 with ICE of 85.2%, and retain 1197 mAh· g^-1 after 150 cycles. This work provides a facile approach to massively produce the high-performance Si-based anode materials for next-generation LIBs.

Optimization of Process Parameters for in High-Energy Ball Milling of CNTs/Al2024 Composites Through Response Surface Methodology

The mathematical models are developed to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength( UTS) and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites fabricated by high-energy ball milling. The effects of the preparation variables which are milling time,rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs and ball to powder ratio on UST and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites are investigated. Based on the central composite design( CCD),a quadratic model is developed to correlate the fabrication variables to the UST and hardness. From the analysis of variance( ANOVA),the most influential factor on each experimental design response is identified. The optimum conditions for preparing CNTs / Al2024 composites are found as follows: 1. 53 h milling time,900 r / min rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs 2. 87% and Ball to powder ratio 25 ∶ 1. The predicted maximum UST and hardness are 273.30 MPa and 261.36 HV,respectively. And the experimental values are 283.25 MPa and256.8 HV,respectively. It is indicated that the predicted UST and hardness after process optimization are found to agree satisfactory with the experimental values.

Hot deformation and processing maps of as-sintered CNT/Al-Cu composites fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

The deformation behaviors of as-sintered CNT/Al-Cu composites were investigated by isothermal compression tests performed in the temperature range of 300-550°C and strain rate range of 0.001-10 s-1 with Gleeble 3500 thermal simulator system.Processing maps based on dynamic material model(DMM)were established at strains of 0.1-0.6,and microstructures before and after hot deformation were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).The results show that the strain has a significant influence on the processing maps,and the optimum processing domains are at temperatures of 375-425°C with strain rates of 0.4-10 s-1 and at 525-550°C with 0.02-10 s-1 when the strain is 0.6.An inhomogeneous distribution of large particles,as well as a high density of tangled dislocations,dislocation walls,and some sub-grains appears at low deformation temperatures and strain rates,which correspond to the instability domain.A homogeneous distribution of fine particles and dynamic recrystallization generates when the composites are deformed at 400 and 550°C under a strain rate of 10 s-1,which correspond to the stability domains.

Microstructures of electron beam welding joint of CNTs/Al composites

Carbon nauotube（ CNT） reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites were welded by electron beam welding and the microstructures of welded joints were investigated. The result showed that the interracial reaction happened between the CNTs and Al matrix, which resulted in producing brittle Al4 C3 compounds in electron beam welds. The extent of interfacial reaction varies gradually in the depth and width direction. The length of the reactants Al4C3 became short duo to the temperature gradient in the molten pool. The quantity and size of Al4 C3 compounds increased with the increase of beam current and the decrease of welding speed in the middle zone of weld. However, no needle-like phase Al4C3 was observed in HAZ.

Properties of CNTs/MoSi2 composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

Molybdenum disilicide(MoSi_2) based composites with various contents of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering(SPS) in vacuum under a pressure of 25 MPa.The composites obtained under a sintering temperature of 1500 °C and time of 10 min exhibited optimum mechanical properties at room temperature in terms of fracture toughness and transverse rupture strength.MoSi_2 based composite with 6.0% CNTs(volume fraction) had the highest fracture toughness,transverse rupture strength and hardness,which were improved by about 25.7%,51.5% and 24.4% respectively,as compared with pure MoSi_2.A Mo_(4.8)Si_3C_(0.6) phase was detected in CNTs/MoSi_2 composites by both X-ray diffraction(XRD) method and microstructure analysis with scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It is believed that the fine grains and well dispersed small Mo_(4.8)Si_3C_(0.6) particles had led to a higher hardness and strength of CNTs/MoSi_2 composites because of their particle pullout,crack deflection and micro-bridging effects.

CNTs/Mg-9Al复合材料微观组织、力学及导热性能

研究了CNTs的加入对Mg-9Al镁基复合材料时效行为的影响,探讨了时效处理过程中微观组织、力学性能及导热性能的演变规律。结果表明:添加的CNTs增大了基体合金中铝元素的固溶度,并在时效过程中限制晶界的迁移,在二者共同作用下,促进基体中连续β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相的析出,且随着CNTs含量的增加,连续析出的比例增大;与基体呈共格关系的杆状连续析出相能够有效地阻碍位错运动,提高复合材料的力学性能,其中峰时效态0.4CNTs/Mg-9Al复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度、热扩散系数和热导率分别为275 MPa,369 MPa,34.5 mm^(2)/s和68.4 W/(m·K),相较于时效前Mg-9Al合金分别提升了17%,23%,43%和45%。

T6态CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的耐磨性能研究

采用熔融铸造法制备了12vol%CNTs(碳纳米管)/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料,再对该复合材料进行T6热处理。利用MG-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了热处理前后CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的干滑动摩擦磨损性能。试验结果表明:CNTs对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金有细晶强化作用,提高了合金的硬度,固溶处理消除了铸造复合材料中的第二相偏析,并且在时效处理之后MgZn2强化相的析出大幅度提升了材料的性能。在40 N的载荷和200 r/min转速时,T6态CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的磨损率和摩擦系数分别为0.0489 g/mm和0.281,与铸造复合材料相比,材料的磨损率和摩擦系数分别降低64.79%和28.47%。这是由于热处理之后试样的强度和硬度增大,从而有效改善了材料的耐磨性能。未热处理的复合材料主要存在黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,而热处理之后复合材料的主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损。

PS／CNTs复合材料中CNTs作用的研究

利用悬浮聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯／碳纳米管复合材料．通过透射电镜观察到复合材料中CNTs包裹于PS粒子中,且PS粒子较纯PS粒子变大,并由动态光散射测试得到了证实．热重分析表明复合材料中PS最大失重速度时的温度较纯PS升高了约80℃．GPC的测定也反映出复合材料中PS的分子量较纯PS有较大幅度的提高．据此可以认为:在悬浮聚合法中,CNTs参与了PS的聚合反应,与PS形成了键合并使PS的聚合程度增加．

Effect of mechanical alloying time and rotation speed on evolution of CNTs/Al-2024 composite powders

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by mechanical milling followed by hot extrusion. The commercial Al-2024 alloy with 1% CNTs was milled under various ball milling conditions. Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the milled powder and consolidated bulk materials were examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） and mechanical test. The effect of CNTs concentration and milling time on the microstructure of the CNTs/Al-2024 composites was studied. Based on the structural observation, the formation behavior of nanostructure in ball milled powder was discussed. The results show that the increment in the milling time and ration speed, for a fixed amount of CNTs, causes a reduction of the particle size of powders resulting from MM. The finest particle size was obtained after 15 h of milling. Moreover, the composite had an increase in tensile strength due to the small amount of CNTs addition.

原位合成CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的性能研究

对Al的质量分数分别为0.20%,0.35%,0.60%的Cu-Al合金粉末进行内氧化,得到CuAl_(2)O_(3)粉末。采用化学气相沉积法在Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)粉末表面原位生长碳纳米管(carbon nano tubes,CNTs),采用放电等离子烧结工艺成功制备了CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合粉末、复合材料断口的形貌。采用显微硬度计、微拉伸试验机、摩擦磨损试验机分别对纯Cu及复合材料的维氏硬度、抗拉强度、摩擦因数进行测试。采用电化学工作站测试复合材料在3.5%NaCl(质量分数)水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着Al的质量分数的增加,粉末表面合成的CNTs的数量也增多。Al的质量分数为0.35%时,CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的综合性能最佳,与纯Cu相比,复合材料的抗拉强度和腐蚀电势分别提高了86.4%和43.2%,分别为315 MPa和-0.268 V,摩擦因数降低了53.3%,仅为0.28。

CNTs@TiO_(2)及热挤压对Al7075复合材料磨损性能的影响

用熔铸法制备了Al7075-1%(质量分数)CNTs@TiO_(2)复合材料,通过热挤压工艺对复合材料进行塑性变形。结果表明:CNTs@Ti O_(2)的加入有效地改善了Al7075合金的显微组织,铸态Al7075-CNTs@Ti O_(2)复合材料在经过热挤压变形后,其α-Al和二次相进一步细化。挤压态Al7075-CNTs@Ti O_(2)复合材料的平均显微硬度为178.2HV,与基体合金相比提高了45.6%。挤压态复合材料的磨损率和平均摩擦因数分别为24.3×10^(-3)mm^(3)/m和0.334,相比于基体(68.6×10^(-3)mm^(3)/m和0.401)分别降低了43.2%和16.7%。挤压态复合材料磨损表面的轮廓高度差为22.24μm,相比于基体(52.88μm)下降了57.9%。从磨损机制上看,铸态Al7075合金主要呈现出剥层磨损特征,而挤压态复合材料则主要表现为磨粒磨损。

挤压铸造(SiC_(w)+CNTs)/2024Al复合材料高温摩擦磨损性能

铝基复合材料因具有低密度、高硬度、高强度以及耐磨损等特点,是制备轻量化制动零部件的理想材料。本研究采用挤压铸造法和热挤压工艺制备了具有优异耐磨性的(SiC_(w)+CNTs)/2024Al复合材料。利用干滑动摩擦磨损实验研究了复合材料在高温条件(200℃)不同载荷(5~20N)下的耐磨性。研究表明,相较于2024Al,复合材料在高温低载荷条件下具有高且稳定的摩擦系数以及低的磨损率,而在高载荷条件下,其摩擦系数显著降低且出现明显的波动。通过增加载荷使得SiC_(w)和CNTs被拔出,CNTs自润滑能力及硬质SiC_(w)的表面强化作用得到充分发挥,大幅度降低了材料的摩擦系数。高温下2024Al被软化,发生粘着磨损,而复合材料中混杂增强体的存在有效提高了材料的高温耐磨性。