Objective: To study the effect of simv astatin on mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Methods: The experimental rats were di...Objective: To study the effect of simv astatin on mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Methods: The experimental rats were di vided into three groups: Sham operation group (Sham), the rats were performed a left thoracotomy with no ligation of left descending coronary artery (LAD); Myoc ardial infarction control group (MI-C), the rats were performed a left thoracot omy with ligation of LAD; Simvastatin group (MI-S), the rats were performed a l eft thoracotomy with ligation of LAD, and given simvastatin 40 mg/kg body weight per day through gavage, while the other two groups were given equal normal sali ne by gavage. All animals were caged to feed four weeks. After finished, the rat s were killed, and the hearts were harvested and cut into two equal parts at the level of the papillary muscle: one was used to determine mRNA expression of myo cardial cytokines by RT-PCR, and the other was used to measure cytokines by Wes tern blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results: All the pro-inflammatory cytokines mentioned above showed few expression in Sham opera tion group. In the MI groups (including MI-C and MI-S groups), mRNA expression of each of these cytokines markedly increased compared with the Sham operation group (P<0.01). Compared with MI-C group, the mRNA expression of TNF- α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the MI-S group significant ly reduced (P<0.01), and mRNA expression of IL-10 obviously increased ( P<0.01). Cytokines principally located in cardiomyocytes of non-infarcted ar ea and survived cardiomyocytes of infarcted area, simvastatin could decrease TNF -α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increase IL-10 by confirmation of immunohistochemical staining. Conclusion: Simvas tatin markedly lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increases inflammatory pr otective cytokine. Its mechanism needs to be elucidated.展开更多
In this note, first, we show that the asymptotic subcone, the ultralimit, the completion of an asymptotically PT-1 space are still an asymptotically PT-1 space. Secondly, we consider two kinds of metric spaces, which ...In this note, first, we show that the asymptotic subcone, the ultralimit, the completion of an asymptotically PT-1 space are still an asymptotically PT-1 space. Secondly, we consider two kinds of metric spaces, which have been considered by Ibragimov and Gromov, respectively. We show that they are asymptotically PT-1 spaces under particular conditions, which provide some concrete examples of asymptotically PT展开更多
基金Grant support:National Natural Science Foundation (30370574)Henan Province’Creation Talent Projection of Medical Science & Technology (2002116)Zhengzhou University’Scientific Research Development Fund (2004021).
文摘Objective: To study the effect of simv astatin on mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Methods: The experimental rats were di vided into three groups: Sham operation group (Sham), the rats were performed a left thoracotomy with no ligation of left descending coronary artery (LAD); Myoc ardial infarction control group (MI-C), the rats were performed a left thoracot omy with ligation of LAD; Simvastatin group (MI-S), the rats were performed a l eft thoracotomy with ligation of LAD, and given simvastatin 40 mg/kg body weight per day through gavage, while the other two groups were given equal normal sali ne by gavage. All animals were caged to feed four weeks. After finished, the rat s were killed, and the hearts were harvested and cut into two equal parts at the level of the papillary muscle: one was used to determine mRNA expression of myo cardial cytokines by RT-PCR, and the other was used to measure cytokines by Wes tern blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results: All the pro-inflammatory cytokines mentioned above showed few expression in Sham opera tion group. In the MI groups (including MI-C and MI-S groups), mRNA expression of each of these cytokines markedly increased compared with the Sham operation group (P<0.01). Compared with MI-C group, the mRNA expression of TNF- α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the MI-S group significant ly reduced (P<0.01), and mRNA expression of IL-10 obviously increased ( P<0.01). Cytokines principally located in cardiomyocytes of non-infarcted ar ea and survived cardiomyocytes of infarcted area, simvastatin could decrease TNF -α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increase IL-10 by confirmation of immunohistochemical staining. Conclusion: Simvas tatin markedly lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increases inflammatory pr otective cytokine. Its mechanism needs to be elucidated.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11301165,11371126 and 11571099)
文摘In this note, first, we show that the asymptotic subcone, the ultralimit, the completion of an asymptotically PT-1 space are still an asymptotically PT-1 space. Secondly, we consider two kinds of metric spaces, which have been considered by Ibragimov and Gromov, respectively. We show that they are asymptotically PT-1 spaces under particular conditions, which provide some concrete examples of asymptotically PT
