Designing Proportional-Integral Consensus Protocols for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems Using Delayed and Memorized State Information

This paper is concerned with consensus of a secondorder linear time-invariant multi-agent system in the situation that there exists a communication delay among the agents in the network.A proportional-integral consensus protocol is designed by using delayed and memorized state information.Under the proportional-integral consensus protocol,the consensus problem of the multi-agent system is transformed into the problem of asymptotic stability of the corresponding linear time-invariant time-delay system.Note that the location of the eigenvalues of the corresponding characteristic function of the linear time-invariant time-delay system not only determines the stability of the system,but also plays a critical role in the dynamic performance of the system.In this paper,based on recent results on the distribution of roots of quasi-polynomials,several necessary conditions for Hurwitz stability for a class of quasi-polynomials are first derived.Then allowable regions of consensus protocol parameters are estimated.Some necessary and sufficient conditions for determining effective protocol parameters are provided.The designed protocol can achieve consensus and improve the dynamic performance of the second-order multi-agent system.Moreover,the effects of delays on consensus of systems of harmonic oscillators/double integrators under proportional-integral consensus protocols are investigated.Furthermore,some results on proportional-integral consensus are derived for a class of high-order linear time-invariant multi-agent systems.

Trans-Thoracic Echocardiographic Aortic Blood Flow Peak Velocity Variation, Distance Minute, Aortic Velocity Time Integral and Postoperative Outcome in Pediatric Surgical Patients—An Observational Pilot Study Protocol

Background: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) has been elaborated where goal directed fluid and hemodynamic therapy (GDFHT) will be realized with trans-thoracic echocardiographic aortic blood flow peak velocity variation (ΔVpeak) and distance minute (DM) to guide fluid therapy and hemodynamics in high risk pediatric surgical patients. This RCT will clarify the impact of GDFHT with ΔVpeak and DM on postoperative outcome in terms of morbidity, length of stay in the intensive care unit (LOSICU), length of mechanical ventilation (LMV) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in children. To determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and VTI predictive of these postoperative outcomes, an observational pilot study will be realized. This pilot study is described here. The primary objective of this study is to determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV predictive of postoperative outcome in children in terms of morbidity. The secondary objectives are to determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV predictive of LOSICU, LMV, LOS, intraoperative, postoperative fluid administration and vasoactive-inotropic therapy. Methods: 500 - 1000 children aged less than 18 years will be included prospectively. Statistic analysis will be realized with XLSTAT 2019.4.2 software or plus. Results and Conclusions: This trial protocol will determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV with echocardiography predictive of postoperative outcome in children.

A new real-time ethernet MAC protocol for time-critical applications

The authors propose a new persistent transmission based real time Ethernet MAC protocol that provides a predictable upper bound for the delivery delay of real time frames. Moreover, it is compatible with the protocol used by the existing Ethernet controllers for conventional datagram traffic and thus standard Ethernet stations can be used in the system without any modification. The paper describes the protocol in detail and analyses the maximum delivery delay for real time traffic and the efficiency of the channel.

Distributed In-Time Multiple Coverage Holes Healing Protocol

Coverage holes often appear in wireless sensor networks due to sensor failure or the inheritance of sensor＇s random distribution. In the hybrid model, mobile sensors in the network are acquired to heal coverage holes by their mobifity. When multiple coverage holes appear in the sensor network and each of them has a time requirement （in which the coverage hole has to be healed）, conflicts for the requests of the same mobile sensor may arise. A distributed multiple mobile sensor schedufing protocol （DMS） is proposed in this paper to solve this problem by finding mobile sensors in the time response zone defined by the time requirement of each coverage hole. Simulation results show that DMS can well schedule the mobile sensors to move to multiple coverage holes within the time requirement.

An Extension of Contract Net Protocol With Real Time Constraints

The contract net protocol has developed to specify problem solving communication for nodes in a distributed problem solving. Task distribution is affected by a negotiation process,a discussion carried on between nodes with tasks to he executed and nodes that may be able to execute those tasks. In contract net protocol,once negotiation successes,tbe task execution is assumed to success. However,in real world,even though a task is awarded to successfully bidding nodes,it may be delayed. Such delay may badly propagate in whole system. Here,we introduce real-time constraints into contract net protocol to manage task execution for avoiding the, task's delay,or even though being delayed,the railure cannot propagate to whole system. In this paper,we first present a real-time contract net protocol which is an extension of contract net protocol with real-time constraints for distributed computing. Our proposition extends the basic negotiation protocol to negotiation and controlling execution or task. The controlling process is based on task deadline time,we also present an extension of the internode language of contract net protocol specification with real-time constraints.

ACTIVE-A Real Time Commit Protocol

Many existing real time commit protocols try to improve system performance by allowing a committing cohort to lend its data to an executing cohort, thus reducing data inaccessibility. They block the borrower from sending WORKDONE/PREPARED message and restrict them from lending data so that transaction abort chain is limited to one. Thus, transaction execution time increases. This paper proposes a modified real time commit protocol for distributed real time database systems (DRTDBS), Allow Commit Dependent and in Time borrowers for Incredible Value added data lending without extended abort chain (ACTIVE), where borrower cohorts are categorized as commit and abort dependent. Further, the commit dependent borrowers can lend data to executing cohorts with still limiting the transaction abort chain to one only and reducing the data inaccessibility. Also, an incoming executing cohort having borrowing factor greater than one can only borrow the dirty data items from lender. This minimizes the fruitless borrowing by the cohort. The performance of ACTIVE is compared with PROMPT, 2SC and SWIFT protocols for both main memory resident and disk resident databases with and without communication delay. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol improves the system performance up to 4% as transaction miss percentage.

Verification of Session Initiation Protocol Using Timed Colored Petri Net

In this work, Session Initiation Protocol model is established by using Timed Colored Petri Nets (TCPN). SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a protocol developed to assist in providing advanced telephony services across the Internet. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has become the quasi-standard for Voiceover-Internet Protocol (VoIP) communications. SIP is based on a client–server infrastructure in which user agents represent the end-terminals as clients, proxy servers handle SIP message routing between the user agents, and registrar servers store the client’s contact information into a location service. By use of timed color set and useful time attributes in tokens defined in CPN tools, timer and time-related problems of SIP are modeled and analyzed. Timer is an important part for SIP, especially the INVITE transaction.

Real-Time Communication Method for mHealth Base on Extended XMPP Protocol

Considering characteristic of mHealth communication and problems of existing methods, this paper presents a real-time communication method for mHealth based on extended XMPP protocol. The method can maintain the role status efficiently and reduce data latency during the communication process. Meanwhile, it can be extended flexibly to meet increasing communication demands of mHealth services. Furthermore, a system framework is presented to support telemonitoring scene. Finally, system implementation and feasibility tests verify the effectiveness of the method and framework.

Partitioned k-Exclusion Real-Time Locking Protocol Motivated by Multicore Multi-GPU Systems

Graphic processing units （GPUs） have been widely recognized as cost-efficient co-processors with acceptable size, weight, and power consumption. However, adopting GPUs in real-time systems is still challenging, due to the lack in framework for real-time analysis. In order to guarantee real-time requirements while maintaining system utilization ~in modern heterogeneous systems, such as multicore multi-GPU systems, a novel suspension-based k-exclusion real-time locking protocol and the associated suspension-aware schedulability analysis are proposed. The proposed protocol provides a synchronization framework that enables multiple GPUs to be efficiently integrated in multicore real-time systems. Comparative evaluations show that the proposed methods improve upon the existing work in terms of schedulability.

Contention-Based Beaconless Real-Time Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a novel real-time routing protocol, called CBRR, with less energy consumption for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). End-to-End real-time requirements are fulfilled with speed or delay constraint at each hop through integrating the contention and neighbor table mechanisms. More precisely, CBRR maintains a neighbor table via the contention mechanism being dependent on wireless broadcast instead of beacons. Comprehensive simulations show that CBRR can not only achieve higher performance in static networks, but also work well for dynamic networks.

基于面向TTE的新型数据综合系统的设计与实现

针对传统总线无法实时网络传输,新型总线时间触发以太网(TTE)兼容IP协议和IEEE802.3协议,但TT业务和BE业务需设备满足TTE协议,实际工程缺少适用性的问题,设计了一种基于FPGA的时间触发以太网数据综合系统。该数据综合系统以FPGA作为核心控制器,千兆网作为主要通信接口,在满足高速率、高宽带、高灵活的前提下,设计出数据综合模块,将多种传统总线与TTE总线良好兼容。试验结果表明:系统在同步精度高达40 ns、通信抖动仅为392 ns的前提下,数据转换收发无误码现象。同时将多种数据混合编帧,具备极高的稳定性与灵活性,为TTE网络数据服务于实际工程提供了可靠的解决方案。

基于ARIMA-TCN混合模型的高速铁路时间同步方法

列控系统作为高速铁路的核心系统,保持其系统的时间同步对于行车安全至关重要。针对现有时间同步方法易受时变上下行传输时延、随机时钟跳变等影响,导致主从时钟偏移估计不准确的问题,提出一种基于差分自回归移动平均-时域卷积神经网络(ARIMA-TCN)混合模型的高速铁路时间同步方法。首先,根据上下行链路传输速率的不对称比,建立高速铁路时钟的数学理论和实际观测模型。然后,使用拉依达准则识别处理跳变异常值,完成实际时间序列的预处理。再次,使用ARIMA模型平滑时间序列中不确定时延带来的噪声抖动,获得平稳的时间序列。最后,通过提出的注意力增强TCN模型进行预测补偿,完成时钟偏移的补偿校正。通过实验仿真,得到基站区间内位置、基站间距以及车速对高速铁路时间同步的影响性分析。实验结果表明:与对比方法相比,所提方法补偿后的均方根误差较最小二乘法减少了75%、较最大似然估计方法误差减少了44.4%,较BP神经网络方法误差减少了16.7%,验证所提方法具有更低的同步误差和更高的同步精度。

基于D2D通信和虚拟MIMO的飞行器集群网络传输方案设计

在无中心飞行器集群网络中,非直通条件节点间不同的中继路径可能导致较大路径损耗落差,为有限资源前提下网络传输能力的提升带来困难。参考5G移动通信中的终端直通(Device to Device,D2D)技术与中继通信中的虚拟多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)技术,提出一套D2D通信与虚拟MIMO技术结合的无中心飞行器集群网络传输方案。重点研究在正交资源模式下,将不同的协作传输协议与空时编码进行组合,在信噪比、误比特率、接入概率等方面对通信性能的影响。仿真结果表明:D2D通信与虚拟MIMO技术结合的传输方案在不增加资源的前提下,对集群网络的通信性能有明显提升,且引入分布式空时编码可进一步优化误比特率性能,但3种传输协议在不同传输质量评价方向的改善有所不同。

Protocol Buffers在即时通讯系统中的应用研究

即时通讯系统已经广泛应用在人们的生活中,随着用户数量的增长,计算机设备在网络中传输的数据量越来越大。由于网络中的数据传输是非结构化的,因此需要数据的序列化与逆序列化方法来实现网络数据到可读数据的转换。基于即时通讯系统对于数据的实时性需求,提出了使用Protocol Buffers作为系统的序列化与逆序列化的手段,并且将Protocol Buffers与目前几种比较主流的数据序列化方法进行了对比。

一种分析Timed-Release公钥协议的扩展逻辑

在Coffey和Saidha提出的CS逻辑 (CS逻辑将时间与逻辑结构相结合 ,可用于形式化分析Timed release公钥协议的时间相关性秘密的安全性 )的基础上 ,提出了CS逻辑的扩展逻辑 ,它更好地反映了Timed release公钥协议的特性 ,并对一个协议实例进行了有效的形式化分析 .

安全稳定控制系统远程非实时闭环测试技术研究

目前,安全稳定控制系统的测试主要依赖于相互独立的厂内测试、实验室测试和现场联调测试,难以彻底消除安全稳定控制系统潜在的隐患。针对现有测试方法的不足,提出一种安全稳定控制系统远程非实时闭环测试技术。通过融合硬件在环仿真、5G通信组网、广域同步触发、多通信协议转换等关键技术,研发了平台管理系统、测试主站和测试终端等关键模块,并制定了远程非实时闭环测试流程。以四川电网水电经特高压直流集中送出安全稳定控制系统为例,验证了所提技术的可行性。

基于DRL的定向网络时隙复用和功率控制协议

近年来,无人机网络逐渐地广泛应用于各行各业,对无人机网络能提供的网络容量提出了更高的要求。定向天线结合无人机网络构成定向无人机网络以增加网络资源应对无人机网络中各个节点对网络有限通信资源的竞争造成网络容量低的问题。定向无人机网络通过定向天线的空间复用能力可以提高网络的时隙利用效率。针对TDMA协议在定向组网中时隙利用率过低导致网络容量受限的问题,该文提出了一种基于深度Q网络(DQN)的定向无人机网络时隙复用和功率控制协议。为了提高时隙利用率,考虑在单位时隙进行多个链路通信以实现时隙资源的复用。然而多个链路在同一个时隙通信会产生链路间的干扰,如何在考虑链路间相互干扰的情况下控制功率提高网络的容量是时隙复用研究的重点问题。为了解决该问题,首先考虑以功率要求和每条链路最小信道容量为约束,考虑相较于其他研究更为复杂更符合实际的链路互干扰模型,建模问题为最大全网容量问题。然后为了构建链路间的更复杂的互干扰环境,将多个链路的瞬时信道信息、定向增益状态融入到DQN框架的状态中,DQN的奖励为高于最小信道容量的链路信道容量的和。最后,将每个时隙的优化问题扩展到每一帧的优化问题,并利用多个DQN进行求解。仿真结果表明,在保证每个被分配时隙的最小信道容量前提下,相较于对比方法网络容量有了很大的提升。

面向软件定义互连系统的多协议交换电路

为满足软件定义互连系统中异构协议融合互连的需求,提出一种两级多协议交换电路,该电路通过融合共享缓存与Crossbar这2种交换架构,实现对多种异构协议的报文转发需求的兼顾。同时,提出一种基于时隙的多级仲裁调度方法,实现调度过程中时间与空间的解耦。仿真结果表明,所设计的交换电路能够弹性适应绑定模式变化引起的交换规模及端口缓存、端口带宽需求变化,缓存资源利用率相较传统组合输入输出排队(CIOQ)架构最高提高87.5%,转发时延低至数十纳秒,不仅适用于RapidIO、光纤通道(FC)、Ethernet、外设部件互连快速总线(PCIe)单一协议交换,而且适用于多种协议组合的混合协议交换。

后激活增强效应对山西省优秀男子跳马运动员助跑与踏跳影响的实验研究

目的:本研究旨在探索在不同膝关节角度(60°、90°、120°)下进行的颈后蹲刺激,对4名山西省优秀男子跳马运动员在随后的15s、4min、8min、12min、16min完成跳马动作时助跑和踏跳过程中的运动学数据以及下肢肌肉肌电数据的影响。希望找到一种最佳的颈后蹲刺激条件和方式,以提高后激活效应在体操跳马项目中的运用效果,并为训练和比赛提供指导和建议。方法:本研究同时使用两台JVC GC-P100对优秀男子跳马运动员的技术动作进行影像数据采集,随后利用APAS三维解析系统进行影像解析,以获取运动学数据。同时,使用Noraxon 16导遥测肌电仪对运动员完成技术动作时所需大量动员的相关下肢肌肉(包括股直肌、股外侧肌、股内侧肌、股二头肌、腓肠肌、胫骨前肌)的肌电数据进行测量并对获得的数据进行详细分析。结果:60°膝角下的5次90%1RM颈后蹲刺激后的4min会使运动员的运动表现显著性提高,运动学数据及iEMG值大幅上升。结论:(1)60°、90°和120°膝角下的5次90%1RM颈后蹲预刺激,均可使男性跳马运动员助跑和踏跳阶段的运动学表现和iEMG值显著提高。60°膝角的刺激效果最优。(2)选择在60°膝角的颈后蹲预刺激后的4min完成跳马动作,运动员下肢肌肉募集运动单位能力最强,肌肉活性明显增大,运动学和iEMG指标达到峰值。(3)跳马动作中的助跑和踏跳阶段均可受到颈后蹲预刺激的促进作用。

基于一次哈希签名和联盟链的密钥分发协议

在物联网环境中,为了确保通信数据的机密性和完整性,数据加密密钥的安全性尤为重要。密钥一般采用中心化的存储机制,当中心实体不可信时会造成密钥泄露的风险,因此在分发过程中需要保证密钥的完整性,但普通的签名方案往往较为复杂。针对密钥分发中心化及密钥分发算法复杂等问题,提出了一种基于一次哈希签名和联盟链的密钥分发协议。首先,利用轻量级的一次哈希签名进行用户注册和认证,同时,为了有效检测和防御使用一次哈希签名过程中可能出现的中间人攻击,协议中使用了Hyperledger Fabric联盟链存储签名凭证,用户可以从联盟链上获取签名凭证以供认证;然后,基于Hyperledger Fabric链和ElGamal密码体制设计了一个对称密钥分发方案;最后,从理论分析和Scyther形式化协议分析工具两个方面分析了密钥分发协议的安全性,结果表明该协议在保证密钥分发安全性的情况下,提高了密钥分发的效率。