北部湾钦州港近江牡蛎重金属污染分析

为近江牡蛎的食用安全及养殖环境监督管理提供科学依据,2015年7—11月在北部湾钦州港采集近江牡蛎样品,利用原子荧光光度计和原子吸收光谱仪测定近江牡蛎体内重金属含量,分析其污染程度。结果显示,调查海域牡蛎体内重金属平均含量从高到低依次为Zn>Cu>Cd>Cr>As>Pb>Hg,其中Zn、Cu含量较高,平均值分别为532.03、126.96 mg/kg。Cu参照《无公害食品水产品有毒有害物质限量》(NY 5073-2006),发现除了7月2号站样品未超标,其余样品均超标,超标率达89%。As参照《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2012),发现总超标率为11%,仅7月3号站样品存在超标。Pb、Hg含量较低,其平均值分别为0.02、0.009 mg/kg。重金属富集系数揭示近江牡蛎对Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr富集严重。膳食暴露评估方法显示,重金属的膳食摄入量低于联合国粮食和农业组织的食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的暂定每周摄入量,钦州湾近江牡蛎属于安全食用范围。

食品添加剂和污染物中铝的风险评估

以联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)第67次和第74次会议对食品添加剂和污染物中铝的风险评估报告为主要依据,分析了铝的毒性、来源和暴露情况。指出JECFA推荐铝的健康指导值是暂定每周耐受摄入量(PTWI)为2.0 mg/kg(按体质量计)。详细介绍了JECFA对食品添加剂和污染物中铝的危害识别、危害特征描述、暴露评估和风险特征描述,旨在方便快捷地了解国际组织对铝的风险评估情况,为开展食品中铝的安全性评价研究及相关工作提供参考。

ICP-MS法测定湖南特色中成药中的重金属及有害元素及相关风险评价

目的建立湖南特色中成药中的铅、砷、汞、镉、铜5种重金属及有害元素残留量的测定方法,并进行了初步的相关风险评价。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定中成药中重金属及有害元素的残留量,通过计算其每周摄入量对其进行风险评价。根据样品性质取样采用不同的消解酸体系,经微波消解后,以柑橘叶成分分析标准物质为质控,Ge、In、Bi为内标,冷却气:14 L·min^-1;辅助气:0.8L·min^-1;雾化气:1 L·min^-1;碰撞气:5 L·min^-1;KED模式;射频功率:1460 W;提取电压:108V;四级杆频率:2.0 MHz;全定量法采集。结果5种元素的线性关系良好(r2≥0.995),平均回收率在98.1%~105.6%(n=6,RSD≤3.6%),重复性良好。9家企业66批次样品中均不同程度检出了铅、砷、汞、镉、铜元素。风险评价结果显示,各元素超出暂定每周耐受摄入量(PTWI)的样品的比例分别为0、3.0%、0、13.6%、0。结论建立的方法准确、灵敏,适用于湖南特色中成药中重金属及有害元素的测定和评定,为标准完善、质量监督及相关风险评价提供了参考依据。

水产品中重金属对人体的危害研究进展

低剂量重金属进入人类机体后会干扰生化过程,引起暂时或永久性病理变化,甚至危及生命。文章总结了镉、铬、铅、砷、铜对人体的危害以及每种重金属的暂定每周耐受摄入量(PTWI)的标准,比较各地区水产品体内重金属的含量,以供水产品中重金属相关研究借鉴。

Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol) Consumption Frequency in Terengganu, Malaysia

In Terengganu, Longtail tuna or Thunnus tonggol is one of the most popular marine fishes landed by fishermen and has a high demand among customers. This species often served with a unique local delicacy called Nasi Dagang and Ikan Singgang, one of the favourite meals during breakfast by local communities. Since people have always consumed this species, therefore this study aims to identify the consumption rate of this species among Terengganu people. Specifically, this survey data obtained from 124 respondents, ages ranged from 15 to 60 years old from five districts in Terengganu, including Besut, Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, Hulu Terengganu, and Kemaman. Generally, the estimated amount of this species consumption is 239.7 g per person and 1.83 times per week. From the formula calculated, the amount of this species consumed by one person is 437.4 g/person/week. This value can use to calculate the permissible tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) to estimate the intake of pollutants, such as heavy metals in the human body.

Heavy Metal Levels and Risk Assessment from Consumption of Marine Fish in Peninsular Malaysia

Fish consumption is one of the primary sources of protein in Malaysia. However, harmful substances, including heavy metals released from anthropogenic sources may accumulate in marine organisms through the food chain. Hence, human health risks may occur through the consumption of fish contaminated by heavy metals. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals and to assess health risks in edible tissues of 296 commonly consumed marine fish throughout Peninsular Malaysia. The marine fish samples were collected from selected major fish landing ports throughout Peninsular Malaysia. This paper focused on nine heavy metals concentrations namely selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn) in 46 species of marine fish. The fish samples were digested using a microwave digestion system (Multiwave 3000, Anton Paar). Heavy metals concentrations were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) ELAN 9000 (Perkin Elmer, Sciex, Canada). The heavy metals concentrations in marine fish samples were found to be dominated by Zn followed by Sn, Se, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd and Sb which ranged between 15.9612 mg/kg (Zn) and 0.0002 mg/kg (Sb) wet weight. Among the investigated fish species, Otolithoides biauritus demonstrated the lowest concentration for all heavy metal except for Pb. The estimated weekly intakes (EWI) for all samples in this study were below the established PTWI by JECFA of FAO/WHO. Risk assessment results showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values were lower than 1 in all fish species. The results indicate that exposure to the studied metals poses a low non-carcinogenic risk and considered safe for human consumption.

金湖地区儿童及成人膳食铅摄入量检测

目的了解江苏省金湖地区儿童、成人膳食铅的摄入量,并评价其安全性。方法收集62名研究对象连续3 d的双份饭（duplicate portion）样本,使用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅含量。采用联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会推荐的暂定每周耐受摄入量（PTWI）评价江苏省金湖地区儿童、成人膳食铅摄入量的安全性。结果共收集符合标准的双份饭样本178份,儿童、成人各89份,铅的检出率均为94.4%,江苏省金湖地区儿童及成人每天膳食铅摄入量的范围分别为0.1-7.4,0.1-7.6μg/（kg.bw）;P97.5分别为6.9,5.3μg/（kg.bw）;平均膳食铅摄入量分别为（2.2±1.7）,（1.5±1.3）μg/（kg.bw）;每周膳食铅摄入量的P97.5分别为24.3,23.6μg/（kg.bw）,各占PTWI的97.2%,94.4%。儿童每周膳食铅摄入量高于成人,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论江苏省金湖地区儿童、成人膳食铅污染状况较为严重,需采取有效措施降低铅的膳食摄入量以减轻铅暴露引起的不良健康反应。

保健食品中汞、砷含量及人体摄入量调查

目的了解保健食品中汞、砷的含量,为进一步评估其安全性提供基础数据。方法按照GB/T5009检测样品中重金属汞和砷含量,并根据GB16740进行结果判断。结果共检测保健食品495件,所有产品汞含量均合格,砷含量合格率为98.38%。汞含量范围为0.0005 mg/kg^0.2850 mg/kg;砷含量范围为0.0050mg/kg^1.9000 mg/kg。不同剂型保健食品汞和砷含量均为袋泡茶>胶囊>颗粒>片剂、一般产品>口服液。不同原料保健食品汞含量较高的为含茶原料、含螺旋藻类原料、陆生动物植物混合性原料、海洋动物性原料、植物性原料;砷含量较高的依次为含茶原料、植物性原料、含螺旋藻类原料、海洋动物植物混合性原料、陆生动物植物混合性原料。结论保健食品中总汞的含量是符合国家标准的,大部分保健食品中的总砷含量能够达到国家标准。

不同牧场牦牛乳重金属元素暴露水平分析

利用等离子电感耦原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)分析牦牛乳中的铝(Al)、镉(Cd)、银(Ag)和铬(Cr),将镉和铝的每周允许摄入量(PTWI)与专家委员会(世界卫生组织/粮农组织)制定的标准相比较,而铬的每周摄入量与体重的比值与EVM(维生素和重金属矿物方面的专家组)制定的标准相比较,但缺少银的限量值标准。比较不同牦牛牧场牦牛乳的重金属与微量元素相互作用。