基于人工神经网络的PV/T热电联供系统性能预测

为研究太阳能PV/T热电联供系统的性能和针对太阳能PV/T系统复杂的能量平衡方程,搭建了太阳能PV/T系统试验台,同时建立了基于改进灰狼优化的BP神经网络(back propagation neural network model based on improved grey wolf algorithm,IGWO-BP)预测模型,在晴朗天气下进行试验,并采用该模型对系统电功率以及蓄热水箱内水温进行预测。结果显示,晴朗日系统的电效率8.7%~12.2%、热效率51.7%;预测结果与BP神经网络预测模型、基于粒子群优化的BP神经网络(back propagation neural network based on particle swarm optimization,PSO-BP)预测模型和卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)预测模型预测结果进行比较,结果显示IGWO-BP预测模型电效率预测模型的绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)、决定系数(determination coefficient,R^(2))、均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)、效率因子(efficient factor,EF)和Pearson相关系数(pearson related coefficient,r)分别为4.5E-05、0.99、0.24、0.99和1.00,在储热罐温度预测中,上述指标分别为8.90E-04、0.98、0.07、0.98、0.99,均优于其他预测模型,IGWO-BP神经网络预测模型具有更好的预测性能。研究结果可为太阳能PV/T热电联供系统性能预测与优化控制提供参考。

太阳能PV/T+相变能与直蒸式水源热泵供热(冷)系统特性分析

为解决河北农村建筑清洁供暖问题和太阳能利用具有不稳定性问题,设计了太阳能PV/T+相变能与直蒸式水源热泵供热(冷)系统进行实验研究。实验结果表明,冬季典型日系统发电量为4.453kWh,制热系数COP平均值3.41;夏季典型日系统发电量为5.945kWh,制冷系数EER平均值3.2;将发电量用于系统运行,制热系数COP为4.22,制冷系数EER为4.19,分别提高了23.75%和30.12%;夏季单纯PV/T太阳能电池发电量5.537kWh,本系统的发电量提高了7.37%。该系统经济效益高,运行稳定,是一种实现河北农村清洁供暖有效途径。

Maximizing Solar Potential Using the Differential Grey Wolf Algorithm for PV System Optimization

Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)is crucial for maximizing the energy output of photovoltaic(PV)systems by continuously adjusting the operating point of the panels to track the point of maximum power production under changing environmental conditions.This work proposes the design of an MPPT system for solar PV installations using the Differential Grey Wolf Optimizer(DGWO).It dynamically adjusts the parameters of the MPPT controller,specifically the duty cycle of the SEPIC converter,to efficiently track the Maximum Power Point(MPP).The proposed system aims to enhance the energy harvesting capability of solar PV systems by optimizing their performance under varying solar irradiance,temperature and shading conditions.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the DGWO-based MPPT system in maximizing the power output of solar PV installations compared to conventional MPPT methods.This research contributes to the development of advanced MPPT techniques for improving the efficiency and reliability of solar energy systems.

Forestvoltaics,Floatovoltaics and Building Applied Photovoltaics(BAPV)Potential for a University Campus

The United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)highlight the importance of affordable and clean energy sources.Solar energy is a perfect example,being both renewable and abundant.Its popularity shows no signs of slowing down,with solar photovoltaic(PV)panels being the primary technology for converting sunlight into electricity.Advancements are continuously being made to ensure cost-effectiveness,high-performing cells,extended lifespans,and minimal maintenance requirements.This study focuses on identifying suitable locations for implementing solar PVsystems at theUniversityMalaysia PahangAl SultanAbdullah(UMPSA),Pekan campus including buildings,water bodies,and forest areas.A combined technical and economic analysis is conducted using Helioscope for simulations and the Photovoltaic Geographic Information System(PVGIS)for economic considerations.Helioscope simulation examine case studies for PV installations in forested areas,lakes,and buildings.This approach provides comprehensive estimations of solar photovoltaic potential,annual cost savings,electricity costs,and greenhouse gas emission reductions.Based on land coverage percentages,Floatovoltaics have a large solar PV capacity of 32.3 Megawatts(MW);forest-based photovoltaics(Forestvoltaics)achieve maximum yearly savings of RM 37,268,550;and Building Applied Photovoltaics(BAPV)have the lowest CO2 emissions and net carbon dioxide reduction compared to other plant sizes.It also clarifies the purpose of using both software tools to achieve a comprehensive understanding of both technical and economic aspects.

Analysis for Effects of Temperature Rise of PV Modules upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic Electric Vehicles

The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.

PV Capacity Evaluation Using ASTM E2848: Techniques for Accuracy and Reliability in Bifacial Systems

A variety of test methodologies are commonly used to assess if a photovoltaic system can perform in line with expectations generated by a computer simulation. One of the commonly used methodologies across the PV industry is an ASTM E2848. ASTM E2848-13, 2023 test method provides measurement and analysis procedures for determining the capacity of a specific photovoltaic system built in a particular place and in operation under natural sunlight. This test method is mainly used for acceptance testing of newly installed photovoltaic systems, reporting of DC or AC system performance, and monitoring of photovoltaic system performance. The purpose of the PV Capacity Test and modeled energy test is to verify that the integrated system formed from all components of the PV Project has a production capacity that achieves the Guaranteed Capacity and the Guaranteed modeled AEP under measured weather conditions that occur when each PV Capacity Test is conducted. In this paper, we will be discussing ASTM E2848 PV Capacity test plan purpose and scope, methodology, Selection of reporting conditions (RC), data requirements, calculation of results, reporting, challenges, acceptance criteria on pass/fail test results, Cure period, and Sole remedy for EPC contractors for bifacial irradiance.

基于PVsyst的单面与双面光伏组件最佳安装倾角对比

随着光伏发电技术不断进步,单面光伏组件与双面光伏组件的价差不断缩小。得益于发电量增益大,双面光伏组件在实际项目中受到愈来愈多的青睐。当光伏发电项目采用单面或双面光伏组件时,光伏组件的最佳安装倾角成为一个重要的考虑因素。选取了3个太阳能资源等级地区,利用PVsyst对在这3个地区建设的光伏电站分别采用单面和双面光伏组件时的安装倾角与光伏电站首年发电量及光伏组件正面接收的太阳辐照量之间的关系进行了仿真模拟。得到以下结论:1)以光伏电站首年发电量最大为衡量标准时,双面光伏组件的最佳安装倾角大于或等于有阴影遮挡的单面光伏组件的最佳安装倾角,但小于无阴影遮挡的单面光伏组件的最佳安装倾角。2)就单面光伏组件而言,无阴影遮挡条件下增加光伏组件安装倾角带来的发电量增益高于有阴影遮挡安装条件时。3)在无阴影遮挡情况下,在一定范围内增大单面光伏组件的安装倾角可以相应提升其发电量;相对于双面光伏组件,无阴影遮挡的单面光伏组件通过适当提高其安装倾角所获得的发电量增益较小,且增大安装倾角,光伏阵列之间的间距也需要相应增加,这会增大用地量,从而增加项目总成本。因此,在实际项目中,尽可能采用双面光伏组件是一个较为理想的选择。

基于PVLIB的光伏组件串联数量计算条件及方法分析

为得到更为高效且合理的光伏组件串联数量的计算条件和计算方法,选取位于不同纬度、不同气候类型的119个拟定项目地点,基于PVLIB和NASA的气象数据获取119个拟定项目地点的20年逐小时气象数据,对采用不同计算条件时得到的光伏组件开路电压及其对应的光伏组件串联数量进行了分析。分析结果显示:基于200 W/m^(2)太阳辐照度及历史最低气温计算得到的光伏组件串联数量与基于多年逐时气象数据计算得到的光伏组件串联数量结果相近,且计算方法较为简便,不需要长序列逐时气象数据,可用于光伏电站设计中光伏组件串联数的计算条件。

半透明光伏组件在BIPV中的优化应用研究

因半透明光伏组件能够同时实现光伏发电和保持透光性,其在现代绿色建筑中的应用潜力被广泛认可。采用数值模拟方法,基于半透明光伏组件在实际光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)项目中的适用性研究,进一步分析了其在满足建筑用能和采光质量条件下的优化应用。研究结果表明:优化设计对改善建筑室内光环境和提升节能降碳效益具有积极影响,并确认了合理优化采光分布的重要性。研究结果为半透明光伏组件在BIPV中的应用提供了实用的设计策略和实践参考。

积尘形态及密度对太阳能PV/T系统的性能影响研究

在室外搭建太阳能光伏/热(PV/T)系统实验测试平台,研究积尘形态及密度对系统性能的影响。研究结果表明:积尘形态主要影响太阳能PV/T系统的光热效率,积尘密度主要影响系统的光电效率。与松散积尘相比,粘结积尘对系统光热效率及综合效率的影响更大。当松散积尘密度从0变化至33.79 g/m^(2)时,系统的光热效率下降率仅为2.32%,而系统的光电效率下降率高达48.65%。在该文实验中,随着积尘密度的增大,太阳电池的工作温度依次为53.99、52.92、50.73和55.58℃,呈先降后增的变化趋势。故少量积尘不会使太阳能PV/T系统中太阳电池的工作温度升高而影响其正常工作。

风冷式PV/T空调系统夜间制冷性能实验研究

提出了一种新型风冷式PV/T(光伏/光热)空调系统,并测试了系统在夏季夜间的制冷性能,研究了室内外空气温度对系统运行性能的影响。系统冷凝器由风冷式冷凝器和PV/T冷凝器串联组成,可以与周围空气进行对流换热,以及与低温天空进行长波辐射换热,在强化制冷效果的同时节约了冷凝器占地面积,为PV/T空调系统的发展提供新思路。实验结果表明,PV/T冷凝器能有效提高系统过冷度,PV/T冷凝器的冷却效果与冷凝温度呈正相关。风冷式PV/T空调系统制冷性能优于风冷式空调,其COP(性能系数)比风冷式空调高8.6%。当室外空气温度由23℃升高到27℃时,系统COP由3.9降低到3.1。当室内空气温度由20℃升高到24℃时,系统COP由3.1升高到3.5。

风冷式PV/T空调系统日间冷电联产性能实验研究

提出了一种风冷式PV/T空调系统,对系统在夏季日间的冷电联产性能进行了实验测试,分析了环境因素、运行参数等对系统发电和制冷性能的影响。结果表明:光伏板温度随太阳辐照度的升高而升高,光伏板输出电效率随光伏板温度的升高而降低;太阳辐照度、室外温度和室外风速都对系统制冷性能有影响,其中室外温度对制冷量和COP的影响最大,当室外温度从23.6℃升高到32.8℃时,制冷量增大1.6倍,COP降低38.8%。该风冷式PV/T空调系统在夏季日间具有一定的冷电联产性能,可进一步优化以拓展其使用时间和应用范围。

基于PVsyst的光伏系统研究

基于PVsyst软件,以吐鲁番地区某民居为模拟对象,对当地的气象数据进行分析,并构建了一套安装在屋顶的光伏并网发电系统。对光伏并网系统的安装倾角进行优化,并对光伏组件进行选型,对系统损失进行分析。最后根据模拟结果,对影响系统发电效率的因素进行分析并提出了一些优化方案,以及得出吐鲁番地区19.1 kW的光伏并网系统全年发电量为27.9 MW·h,系统效率为80.9%,能量回收期为2.98年,每年可减少32790 kg的CO_(2)排放量,具有一定的环境效益;若按新疆光伏上网电价0.262元(/kW·h)进行计算,每年还可带来7309.8元的收入。该研究对实际光伏并网系统的设计施工具有一定的参考意义。

Layered power scheduling optimization of PV hydrogen production system considering performance attenuation of PEMEL

To analyze the additional cost caused by the performance attenuation of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer(PEMEL)under the fluctuating input of renewable energy,this study proposes an optimization method for power scheduling in hydrogen production systems under the scenario of photovoltaic(PV)electrolysis of water.First,voltage and performance attenuation models of the PEMEL are proposed,and the degradation cost of the electrolyzer under a fluctuating input is considered.Then,the calculation of the investment and operating costs of the hydrogen production system for a typical day is based on the life cycle cost.Finally,a layered power scheduling optimization method is proposed to reasonably distribute the power of the electrolyzer and energy storage system in a hydrogen production system.In the up-layer optimization,the PV power absorbed by the hydrogen production system was optimized using MALTAB+Gurobi.In low-layer optimization,the power allocation between the PEMEL and battery energy storage system(BESS)is optimized using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-Ⅱ)combined with the firefly algorithm(FA).A better optimization result,characterized by lower degradation and total costs,was obtained using the method proposed in this study.The improved algorithm can search for a better population and obtain optimization results in fewer iterations.As a calculation example,data from a PV power station in northwest China were used for optimization,and the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed optimization method were verified.

基于PVsyst的“跟踪支架+双面组件”光伏发电系统的发电量评估方法研究

以内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯地区某个拟转移所有权的新建光伏领跑者项目为例,对双面光伏组件分别与平单轴和斜单轴跟踪支架结合时光伏发电系统第0年的理论上网电量进行分析,进而得到该项目寿命期内各年的理论上网电量、等效满负荷利用小时数,以及25年的理论年平均上网电量和年平均等效满负荷利用小时数。结果显示:计算得到的项目年平均等效满负荷利用小时数低于可研设计值,高于根据实际上网电量测算得到的值。以期可为项目收购决策和经济性分析提供科学参考及依据。

光伏幕墙辅助双源热泵系统在不同地区的多目标优化配置

为克服单一可再生能源应用的局限性,提出一种光伏幕墙辅助双源热泵系统。利用TRNSYS建立仿真模型,以系统能耗和生命周期成本为目标函数,采用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),对不同地区系统配置规模进行多目标优化设计,并利用加权和法确定均衡解。结果表明:哈尔滨、长春、沈阳3个地区优化后的系统运行能耗比优化前分别增加5.9%、5.0%和3.9%,生命周期成本降低13.6%、17.1%和12.9%;与单目标优化相比,多目标优化在兼顾性能的前提下能明显降低生命周期成本,具有明显的优势。

基于改进EfficientNet的红外图像光伏组件故障识别研究

光伏组件的故障会影响光伏阵列的输出性能,从而降低电站的发电效率,严重时甚至会危害电站的安全运行。传统的方法无法满足目前光伏组件故障检测快速性和正确率需求。因此,本文提出了一种基于改进EfficientNet的光伏组件故障识别方法。首先,利用采集到的光伏组件红外图像建立故障数据集,并利用图像分割和数据增强对数据集进行预处理;其次,基于EfficientNet网络构建故障识别模型,同时在模型中引入双通道注意力模块(CBAM),该模块能够抑制不必要特征的识别,增强模型对空间特征信息的提取能力,进而提高模型的识别准确率;最后,通过对比仿真实验证明模型的有效性和先进性。实验结果表明,该模型的故障识别准确率达到了90.83%,相较于原始的EfficientNet模型提高了2.83%,且模型大小仅为20.3 M,具有良好的实用性,能够满足光伏电站实际应用的需求。

2023年中国光伏技术进展综述

2023年中国光伏技术发展迅速,从晶体硅、硅片、晶体硅太阳电池及其光伏组件、薄膜太阳电池及其光伏组件、新型太阳电池、光伏发电系统集成与应用、光伏功率变换器及平衡部件、光伏电站全生命周期数智化技术、光伏发电标准及实证测试、太阳电池光电转换效率等方面对2023年中国光伏技术发展情况进行了系统总结,客观描绘了中国光伏技术创新地图全貌。得到以下结论:1)三氯氢硅法(改良西门子法)和硅烷法技术的能耗指标达到国际先进水平,多次装料拉晶(RCz)技术仍是主要的硅棒生产方式,结合颗粒硅料的连续直拉单晶(CCz)技术持续取得进展。2)n型太阳电池的市场份额快速增加,TOPCon太阳电池大规模量产,HJT太阳电池产能持续增加,BC太阳电池实现批量生产。晶体硅太阳电池、钙钛矿太阳电池、钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳电池、CZTSSe薄膜太阳电池、有机太阳电池等太阳电池的光电转换效率屡创世界纪录。3)多层次立体化光伏发电应用体系不断丰富,大型地面光伏电站、分布式光伏电站、海上漂浮式光伏电站、天基/空间光伏发电系统、山地光伏电站等多元化应用模式蓬勃发展。

基于高阶空间交互网络的光伏组件热斑故障检测

针对传统红外热斑故障检测算法由于特征表达能力不佳造成算法易受复杂背景干扰以及对密集目标、小目标故障检测精度低的问题,提出一种基于高阶空间交互的光伏组件热斑故障检测网络。首先,设计高阶空间交互模块,并将其引入YOLOv5主干网络进行全局交互建模,提升网络对密集目标的检测精度;其次,为突出复杂背景下故障目标的关键特征,设计基于协同注意力的特征提取模块重构颈部网络;然后,在颈部网络设计多尺度特征增强融合模块以提高检测网络对不同尺度特征的充分利用;最后,设计自适应特征融合检测头以提高模型对小目标的感知能力。实验结果表明,相较于7种经典检测算法,所提出的算法检测精度最高,精度可达84.3%。

改进YOLOv8表格行列单元格结构检测

当前数字办公文档中涵盖了大量的表格数据,因此智能化表格结构识别需求日益剧增,但表格结构紧密相连且表格结构类型复杂多变,从而导致表格结构检测难度极大。针对该问题,在YOLOv8的基础上,以ICDAR19-cTDaR表格单元格结构和TabStructDB表格行列结构为实验对象,提出了一种新型表格行列单元格结构检测方法。首先,为了增强表格单元格及行列特征提取能力,引入了可变形卷积网络(deformable convolution network,DCN)。其次,引入了空间通道重构卷积(spatial and channel reconstruction convolution,SCConv),该卷积不仅特征提取能力强而且能够减少冗余特征从而降低复杂性和计算成本。根据以上引入的卷积设计了一个新的模块——DSC模块以替代C2f中的Bottlenck模块,并命名为C2fDSC模块。此外,为了进一步加强表格结构的角落局部特征提取,在YOLOv8的骨干网络上加入了显示中心特征调节(explicit visual center feature adjustment,EVC)模块。最后,将原模型的损失函数替换为MPDIoU,在解决密集目标回归精度问题时,相较于原始模型损失函数,MPDIoU损失函数边界框回归的准确性和效率更高。实验结果表明,该表格结构检测算法在数据集ICDAR19-cTDaR上取得了目前最佳的实验效果(SOTA),单元格查准率、查全率和F1值分别为91.7%、82.3%和86.7%,在数据集TabStructDB表格行列检测中也取得了非常实用的性能结果。